Eschweiler old town
The old town of Eschweiler is located completely north of the Inde, which runs through the city center, between Kochsgasse or - in the narrower sense - Grabenstrasse in the west, Peilsgasse in the east, Peter-Paul-Strasse in the north and Indestrasse in the south. The royal estate "Fundus Regius Ascvilare" mentioned by Einhard in 828 was located here . To the east of the old town is Klee Oepe .
Sights in Dürener Strasse
Thyssen House (Dürener Strasse 4)
The house is a three-storey eaves construction built around 1860 with a late classical plastered facade. It is August Thyssen's home - not the house where he was born . In 1924 the Order of the Carmelite Sisters took care of preschool children in the building. Kindergarten and day care center are very popular. At times over 150 children are looked after here. After the closure, the house will be used as a doctor's practice and residential building, and the after-school care center in the backyard will be demolished. The building is a listed building .
Old Town Hall (Dürener Strasse 5)
The old town hall is a classical building in the western Dürener Straße, today the conference and restaurant building of the “Hotel de Ville”. The restaurant on the ground floor is called “Bistro de Ville”.
History: In 1824 the building was built as a school and town hall. On September 1, 1862, the Eschweiler Peace Court was relocated here. From 1881, after the construction of the Eschweiler District Court at the corner of Rosenallee / Marienstraße, the old town hall was only used for administrative purposes. October 1920, further offices move from the old town hall to the administration building in Grabenstrasse. Only the police and the health department of the welfare office remain in the old town hall . On February 11, 1930, the employment office was moved from the old town hall to the service building at Hehlrather Straße 2. From 1898 to March 1962 there was a tram stop in front of him, which was the most important transfer stop in Eschweiler Mitte and was replaced by the Eschweiler bus station in 1962. On November 29, 1968, the old town hall will be reopened with a festive ceremony after complete renovation, in which even its demolition was discussed. In addition to the meeting room, the registry office is housed here until the move to the New Town Hall in August 1979. The Eschweiler Adult Education Center then moves in until it is sold to the hotel. The groundbreaking ceremony for the “Hotel de Ville”, a Best Western Hotel, took place on December 5, 1994. The name is a play on words: on the one hand, the name contains the word 'hotel', on the other hand, “Hôtel de Ville” is the French word for town hall, because the old town hall Eschweiler is included in the hotel. The building is a listed building .
Adler Pharmacy (Dürener Strasse 25)
The Adler pharmacy is a three-storey eaves house built around 1880 with window crowns in late classicist forms. It contains equipment from the Schombart pharmacy . The founder of the Adler pharmacy was the pharmacist Franciscus Matthias Tillmanns, baptized on March 20, 1773. On July 13, 1803 (24th messidor XI) he married Anna Maria Cremer, the daughter of a baker and sister of the only Eschweiler doctor Johann Wilhelm Lexis, the father of Wilhelm Lexis . After the death of his father-in-law, Tillmanns ran the pharmacy in the bakery. He died on January 7, 1833. After many changes of ownership and the demolition of the original pharmacy, the current building was moved into on October 10, 1880. In its time it was the tallest building in town and the first with a flush toilet. From 1936 to 1961 the Adler pharmacy belonged to the Lobry family. From September 1944, despite being partially destroyed, it was the only pharmacy in a wide area.
Kirschenhof (Dürener Strasse 27)
The Kirschenhof is a two-storey eaves structure built in 1839 and rebuilt in 1920 with classical roofing, bluestone walls and classical balustrade grids at the corner of Dürener- / Parkstraße. The Wältgens family lived there at the beginning of the 19th century . The Stadtsparkasse Eschweiler later moves in there . In 1915 the administration of BIAG Zukunft was relocated from Cologne to Eschweiler in the Kirschenhof. In 1957 she moved into the new building on Peter-Paul-Straße (today City-Haus), a few 100 meters away, then a stationery wholesaler, now a medical examination center and hygiene institute. The building is a listed building .
Dürener Strasse 40
The two-storey eaves house, plastered in late Classicist style, with seven window axes and window frames and roofing made of bluestone , was built around 1840. From February 1880, the Becker'sche pharmacy was located here as a makeshift. Today it is the care station of the Caritas Association Eschweiler.
Dürener Strasse 55
This building is probably the oldest house in Eschweiler, which was the only house to survive the great Eschweiler fire of October 4, 1678. It is a restaurant and a residential building.
Kintzen'sches Haus (Dürener Strasse 58)
The Kolping Society of Eschweiler was founded on January 6, 1854 in the corner building at Dürener Strasse / Wollenweberstrasse . At times it is also used for school purposes. Since the beginning of the 21st century the “Eschweiler Tafel e. V. ".
Schombart House (Dürener Strasse 60)
The Schombart-Haus at Dürener Strasse at the corner of Wollenweberstrasse is Eschweiler's first pharmacy. It is founded by the Schombart family of doctors and pharmacists from Duisburg . It is a two-storey gable corner house made of brick and bluestone walls with a round arched gate passage.
Sights at the market
The market is the central square of Eschweiler and its urban development . Originally, its northern half was used as a cemetery, which was forbidden by Napoleonic decree in 1797. In 1821 the churchyard was torn down and the market was enlarged. The small square between Markt and Wollenweberstrasse was originally named Weinhausplatz after the wine house in Wollenweberstrasse 5 (Bergvogteihaus) in 1615.
Main parish church of St. Peter and Paul
Main article St. Peter and Paul (Eschweiler)
Of the church, originally built in Romanesque style , only the lower tower from the 14th century remains. The poor state of construction of the old, Gothic hall church after the fire on October 4, 1678 and the rapidly growing community in the 19th and 20th centuries made extensions in several construction phases necessary. Incendiary bombs in World War II on February 26, 1943 and the attack on the night of August 31, 1943 caused great damage. A new Michael statue was erected in 1985 and the destroyed tower helmet was rebuilt in its old form in 1986. The spire is a little controversial, as the church without a spire is for many a landmark of Eschweiler and a symbol of war. Sights of the main parish church are:
- A sundial from 1658 found on the south side
- Main portal made of copper
- Calfskin pietà (70 kg) from the 14th century (It is said that the three men who saved the Pietà during the great city fire in 1678 caught fire while running out of the church.)
- 9 m high image of Christ with two angels (so-called sgraffito ) in the chancel
- Altar table made of bronze and stone
- Tabernacle and phoenix made of silver
- Baptismal font from the 16th century
Market 14
Markt 14 is a corner house opposite the St. Peter and Paul Church and one of the oldest inns in Eschweiler. Among other things, Restaurant Wilhelm Stolte, later Restaurant Mathias Mertens (vernacular: "Mertense Schnäuz"), then "Gasthaus am Markt" under Henkelmann.
Market 16 and 18
Markt 16 has been the so-called “culture house” of the organizer Max Krieger since 2005, previously a Hirsch pharmacy. House No. 18 is a three-storey eaves house with bluestone walls built around 1770 and rebuilt between 1950 and 1960. It is a listed building . Both houses are combined by a plaster facade design.
Pharmacies
According to Napoleonic law in effect in the Rhineland , Eschweiler was only entitled to three pharmacies. These three oldest pharmacies are in the old town:
- Schombart pharmacy or Adler pharmacy
- Deer Pharmacy
- Rose pharmacy
Alleys
Today the streets are named after families living there.
Funkengasse
The name probably comes from the Funken family who lived there. At the end of the 18th century it was called Pattergasse because it led to the Patterhof. Then it was called Kouragegasse until its current name in 1861 due to a legend. On the morning of March 1, 1793, at the same time as the Battle of Aldenhoven, French soldiers were shot by an Austrian sniper in this alley , they say. The French are said to have said that only someone with courage dares to venture into the alley.
Kochsgasse
Your name is derived from the influential Koch family. Her house on the corner of Hehlrather Strasse was demolished in the 1970s. The small lane has now become part of the Eschweiler north-south passage.
Peilsgasse
The name of this street, which lies between the old town and Klee Oepe , comes from the merchant family Peill who lived here and founded the glass company Peill & Putzler in Düren . Originally it was called Schrottgasse, later Kaldenbachsgasse after the Kaldenbach family, who lived here for over 150 years. Due to massive demolition in the 1970s, it is now a wide street.
Schnellengasse
The fast lane called "the street" in the vernacular only after the use in the 17th century Fast Fast or for a family who lived there, named. It has a long brewing and business tradition. The oldest still existing economy is the "Kleine Gürzenich".
Trillersgasse
The former alley is now only the entrance to the underground parking garage of the new town hall. It is named after the Trillen family, probably the last gatekeepers of the eastern Eschweiler city gate "Kölner Tor", which was directly on the alley. Before the 19th century, the street was called Schinnersgasse, which can be traced back to the Schindacker in front of the city wall.
Wollenweberstrasse
Around 1773 there were weaving mills for linen , cloth and velvet with a total of up to 170 looms . The Inde flows at the lower end of the street , and this is where the wool was washed. Before 1882 the street was called Weberstrasse or Webergasse.
City wall and city gates
The upper Grabenstrasse was built in the 19th century on the former Spitzgraben that ran in front of the city wall. The old town of Eschweiler was surrounded by a protective wall from the 14th to 17th centuries. The two city gates on Dürener Strasse were called Aachener Tor in the west, where the “Hotel de Ville” stands today, and Kölner Tor in the east, where the parking deck driveway and the courtyard complex Dürener Strasse 77 from the 17th century are today.
The course of its northern part can still be seen today from a street that intersects Kolpingstrasse. A small part has been preserved on Peter-Paul-Straße behind the rectory.
The alley on Kolpingstrasse marks the north side of the former city wall:
Demolition of the southeast part
The old town of Eschweiler, north of the Inde, was largely spared from war damage during the Second World War, in contrast to the Eschweiler industry. However, from the perspective of the 1950s and 1960s, the existing old buildings and the traffic routes no longer meet the requirements of modern inner-city living. A flood-free inde that can be straightened out is also aimed for. The B 264 ran in an east-west direction via Dürener Straße, Hehlrather Straße, Lotzfeldchen, Aachener Straße and in a west-east direction via Aachener Straße, Mühlenstraße, Dechant-Deckers-Straße, Franzstraße, Kaiserstraße, Bergrather Straße, Schützenstraße, Drieschstraße . In July 1962, the city of Eschweiler signed a conversion and expansion agreement with the Rhineland Regional Council. The new street name Indestraße replaces Mühlenstraße, Knickertsberg, Judenstraße, Bachstraße and Schützenstraße due to a city council resolution of October 1972. In December 1963 the planning is ready for construction, June 1965 the approval follows. In April 1964, the Eschweiler bus station was the first in the Aachen district to be officially opened. Road construction work for the first phase of construction began on April 29, 1966, and the work was completed on September 29, 1980 without an accident occurring.
City Center and New Town Hall
Almost the entire south side of Dürener Strasse between Wollenweberstrasse and Peilsgasse as well as large parts of Wollenweberstrasse, Trillersgasse and Peilsgasse fell victim to the excavator. The so-called “Bergvogteihaus” (previously “Weinhaus”) is also being demolished: on May 17, 1928, the local history museum was opened in it by the “History Association for Eschweiler and the Surrounding Area”, but it was relocated to the Old Town Hall on June 14, 1931. September 1976 the Burgvogteihaus is demolished due to better access from the market to the new "City-Center Eschweiler CCE". This southeast part of the old town has to give way to the CCE and the New Town Hall: On January 3, 1977 the construction of the new town hall begins, and on August 30, 1979, the inauguration in the presence of the North Rhine-Westphalian Finance Minister Diether Posser is combined with a “Citizens' Festival”. On October 28, 1977, the CCE shopping center with 32 shops, the Karstadt department store (Hertie since March 2007, vacant since 2009) and an attached parking garage opens.
traffic
South of the old town runs the B 264 , which until 1977 ran east-west as a one-way street across the old town on Dürener Strasse. The next motorway connections are from the west “Eschweiler” and from the east “Eschweiler-Ost” on the A4 .
There is no bus route through the old town. The next stops are “Peter-Paul-Straße”, “Grabenstraße” and “Rathaus / City-Center”.
The next train stations are “Eschweiler Hbf” and “Eschweiler Talbahnhof / Raiffeisenplatz”.
See also
Castles and mansions in the rest of Eschweiler see here . Museums and other buildings worth seeing in the rest of Eschweiler see here .
Existing city districts and city districts
1 Altstadt / Klee Oepe / Südstadt / West | 2 East / Vöckelsberg | 3 Röthgen | 4 Röhe | 5 St. Jöris | 6 Kinzweiler | 7 Hehlrath | 8 Dürwiss | 9 Neu-Lohn / Fronhoven | 10 Weisweiler / Hü Hügel / Wilhelmshöhe | 11 Nothberg | 12 Bergrath / Bohl / Volkenrath | 13 Hastenrath / Scherpenseel | 14 Stich / settlement Jägerspfad | 15 Pump / floodplain / forest school settlement
Former districts of
Erberich |
Langendorf |
Laurenzberg |
Wages |
Turk |
Pützlohn |
Velau
Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ' N , 6 ° 16' E