History of the city of Eschweiler
History and chronicle of the west Rhine city of Eschweiler
Frk. = France
Stone Age and Celts
For the Paleolithic over 10,000 years ago there is a possible, but not certain, habitation of caves in Killewittchen west of Hastenrath and in the Korkus east of Volkenrath , as well as for the time around 8000 BC. To the Mesolithic . A settlement in Eschweiler in the Neolithic around 5500 BC is confirmed by several finds . About a millennium later, the first arable farmers cultivate grain and raise cattle on the fertile loess soils in the north of the Eschweiler urban area on the Merzbach ; it is the band ceramic time .
In 2005 a contiguous settlement of the Rössen culture (Middle Neolithic 4500 to 4300 BC) was uncovered near Eschweiler-Ost . Also in the Mesolithic around 3000 BC A settlement is assumed in Eschweiler. 2100 BC BC marks the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the Eschweiler area, and around 1800 BC It is believed that the first mining of ores took place in the Eschweiler area. A Neolithic settlement around 1000 BC Chr. Is secured in Eschweiler by several finds. In 1926 Bronze Age grave finds were uncovered in Eschweiler, and in 1991 a lignite excavator uncovered a settlement area, from which we know that around 500 BC. A Celtic village burned down in the northernmost tip of the Eschweiler urban area. Also for 400 BC BC ( Latène culture ), the first traces of human settlement in Eschweiler-Mitte and a Celtic mine from the Iron Age in the Corkus are secured, together with a settlement from the younger Iron Age near Volkenrath from 200 BC. The Celts left several names in Eschweiler such as Erberich , Inde and Killewittchen .
Romans and Aduatuca
Numerous villae rusticae and a road network have been documented by the Romans in and around Eschweiler . The valley of the Inde near Eschweiler was certainly densely populated, but no urban settlement developed. A Roman settlement on the outskirts of Hüelte from the 1st to 3rd centuries BC. It was found in 1986 with at least three stone houses, wooden buildings and a large pillar construction.
Around 54 BC The battle for the Eburonenfeste Aduatuca took place, and there are vague indications that Aduatuca could have been on the Ichenberg near Eschweiler.
In the year 80 the Eschweiler area belongs to the imperial province Germania Inferior and in the 1st or 2nd century West Germanic Sunuker set up a cult site in honor of their tribal goddess Sunuxal in the Propsteier forest near Eschweiler. A sesterce with the portrait of Marc Aurel , which was found in Dürwiß , dates from 163 , and a Roman leopard statuette made of bronze in the Propsteier forest from the 3rd century . 395 is finally the final division of the Roman Empire into western and eastern empires, and a migration of peoples begins. New Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine around the year 400 and many Roman settlements sank to rubble: It is reported that the area east of Eschweiler (today's Düren district ) was so deserted that a new, large forest emerged over its ruins.
Francs
In 476 the Germanic Odoacians destroy the Western Roman Empire, and the Eschweiler area belongs to the Franconian Empire of Clovis I. 511 then - after the first division - the Eschweiler area belongs to Franconian Austria . From 550 to around 562, Central Asian Avars invade the Eschweiler area. 714 the Eschweiler area then belongs to the Carolingian Franconian Empire. Charlemagne , whose favorite Palatinate Aachen is just four leagues west of Eschweiler, becomes King of the Franks in 768 at the age of 21. A wooden chapel on the site of the later church in Laurenzberg , which is mentioned around 1400 as Berga Laurencii , dates from around 800 . Charlemagne dies in 814.
Ascvilare
The first documentary mention of Eschweiler as the Carolingian royal estate Ascvilare comes from the year 828 : "Ascvilare is called a royal estate, four leagues away from Aachen (corresponds to around 16 km)." However, the quote for the first mention of Eschweiler in 828 by Einhard is not found in the Vita Karoli, but in the Translatio et miracula SS. Petri et Marcellini, Book IV, Chapter 6. There it says: "Ascvilarem vocant fundum regium from Aquense palatio quattuor leugarum spatio distantem" . Two years later, in 830, the three clearing locations Bergrath , Hastenrath and Volkenrath are founded in the southeast of the royal estate.
It is not clear whether the first syllable of the name, Asc , has its origin in the ash or in the water, i.e. in the Inde . In the second case, Asc like Aix (for example in Aix-en-Provence ) would come from Latin aqua (water).
Middle Ages (9th to 15th centuries): from Ascvilare to Eschwillre
According to the Treaty of Verdun of 843, Eschweiler belongs to the Middle Kingdom of Lothar I. In 851, Emperor Lothar I donated a Nona from the Villa Aschwilra to the cathedral monastery of Aachen. On June 13, 888 a document mentions Eschweiler as Ascvilra .
The High Middle Ages begin around 900, and the low castles ( Motten ) of Lürken and Kinzweiler probably come from that time . A document dated June 5, 930 mentions Eschweiler as Aschwilre . Around 950 the attack wave of the Magyars (Hungarians) arrived in the Eschweiler area. On February 16, 966, a document mentions Eschweiler as Aschwilra and on July 25, 973, a document mentions a Gerberhteslon, which is presumably a wage , and confirms Otto I's rights to forest and wilderness in the Eschweiler area given by Ludwig to Cologne Cathedral. Archbishop Heribert of Cologne donated the Escuuilre farm and church with tithes to Deutz Abbey on April 1, 1003, and on March 16, 1082, Archbishop Sigewin von Cöln gave the same abbey the tithe of the Rottungen in a forest in Escwilere . Their occupations, especially the tithe at Eschuilre, was confirmed by Pope Viktor IV of the abbey on May 11, 1161.
From 1138 to 1250 Eschweiler belonged to Lower Lorraine in the Staufer empire . 1145 Wilhelm von Eschweiler becomes mayor in Eschweiler. Gerhard von Randerath, the bailiff of the Eschweiler cathedral courtyard, pledged his bailiwick of Eschweiler, Aldenhoven , Inden and the parish Lohn of the Cologne cathedral church in 1216 , whereby the Eschweiler area came to the Cologne cathedral chapter. Ten years later, a document mentions Eschweiler as Eschwilre . 1244 declared William of Eschweiler, that he and his ancestors Eschweiler from time immemorial by the Cologne church dairy to feudal deceptive. The Eschweiler castle , an area surrounded by a protective wall with six towers Wasserburg , who has already been at that time. In 1274 the Cistercian convent of St. Jöris was founded .
Around 1300 the Eschweiler area is in the late Middle Ages and is called Eschweiler after the liber valoris as a parish belonging to the deanery Jülich. In documents from 1334 and 1354, in which Reinhard von Schönforst bought some properties from the heirs of Herr von Monschau , a clear distinction is made between the Burg zu Monschau, the Burg zu Bütgenbach and the Huys te Berghe in Nothberg , the forerunner of the Nothberger Burg . In 1362 a document mentions Eschweiler as Eyschwilre, and at that time an unknown artist created the leather pietà, which is now in St. Peter and Paul .
The oldest known document about mining in Eschweiler dates from December 28, 1394 : Koylberg zu Eschwylre . The Eschweiler mines are owned by the Dukes of Jülich.
A chapel in Berga Laurencii ( Laurenzberg ) is mentioned around 1400 . In 1420 Johann von Kempenich sells the Eschweiler Vogtei with his property there to Duke Reinald von Jülich, which means that Eschweiler belongs to the Duchy of Jülich and the Jülich lion comes into the Eschweiler seal . In 1429 the Eschweiler Castle was owned by the Jülich Hereditary Marshal Frambach von Birgel, and in 1463 the two-storey mansion of the Kambach family in Kinzweiler was first mentioned as a fief of the Eschweiler Dompropstei. In 1490, Eschweiler Schöffen seal a certificate, and the seal attached to it shows the Jülich lion and the Peter key in the upper right corner of the coat of arms, without the lion holding the key in his front paws; Eschweiler is called Eschwillre . The third, Gothic building of today's St. Peter and Paul Church dates from the 14th or 15th century.
Modern times (16th, 17th and 18th centuries): looting and cremation
Around 1500 is the beginning of modern times with numerous military forces on the Lower Rhine , and in 1516 Duke Johann von Kleve-Mark and Jülich-Berg confirmed to the customs officer at Jülich, Ailff Hamer, that he had duly accounted for the income and expenses of the ducal Kohlberg in the Eschweiler office. The first population information dates from 1533: Around 850 people live in Eschweiler.
Johann von Palant becomes bailiff of Eschweiler and Wilhelmstein in 1541, in 1542 the first mountain order valid for the Inderevier around Eschweiler comes into force, and in 1543 Eschweiler is sacked and Nothberg Castle is heavily damaged by the troops of Emperor Charles V during the succession dispute Funds . The Eschweiler court with the places Eschweiler, Bergrath , Röhe , Röthgen and Schaufenberg (now part of Alsdorf ) is listed in a directory of the court constitution in the Duchy of Jülich from 1555 . In the same year, the Nothberg Castle undergoes a major redesign. In 1559 about 1,250 people live in Eschweiler.
In 1563 Eschweiler was named Eschwiller on a jury's seal, and Gerhard von Palant was given the loan to Haus Kambach in Kinzweiler . In 1566, Eschweiler Schöffen proclaimed that the dependency on the Cologne cathedral chapter had existed for 400 years and longer. In 1571 water wheels, that is, wheel pumps, turn in the Inderevier near Eschweiler, and in 1572 the feudal relationship of the Eschweiler Castle expires, whereby the knight seat and the cathedral courtyard of Eschweiler are subordinate to the man chamber of Aldenhoven. In 1586 about 1,850 people live in Eschweiler.
In 1591 the last of Palant dies, which is why long-lasting inheritance disputes break out, as a result of which and through the Thirty Years' War the Nothberg castle begins to fall into decline and destruction. In 1618 the Thirty Years' War broke out, in 1619 a directory mentions Eschweiler for the first time as Eschweiler, and in 1642 Eschweilers was captured and looted by Hessian-Weimar-French troops. There are great losses in the population, Swedish troops occupy Eschweiler and Eschweiler Castle, and the shaft of the Aue pit sinks due to the destruction of the pump . Eschweiler has 3,600 inhabitants. In 1646 imperial troops tear down the gallery of the Nothberg castle and thus destroy the courtyard in order to exclude the castle's defense capability; moreover, access to the small north-west bastion - a work by Pasqualini - is made impossible. In 1648 the Thirty Years' War ends, and in 1650 Röthgen Castle comes to the von Bourscheidt family.
1678 is an ominous year. In October, troops of the French King Louis XIV plunder and pillage Eschweiler, together with the parish church of St. Peter u. Paul. The valuable Lederpietà was saved, however, and when it was rebuilt, St. Peter and Paul were given a baroque tower dome. Two years later, Eschweiler is a market town, to which Bergrath, Röthgen and Röhe belong, and has 2,000 inhabitants again.
In 1685 Eschweiler fell to the Electoral Palatinate , and in 1692 Eschweiler was marked as Eschwiler on the French map Le cercle eslectoral du Rhin (German: The Rhenish constituency ) . In 1701 the building of the present form of the house Kambach in Kinzweiler takes place by the Kinzweiler Schultheißen Johann Bernhard von Kotzhausen . In 1756 the earthquake in Düren caused damage to the vault of the new main parish church of St. Peter and Paul . In 1773 the gate tower of the Laurenzberg Castle in Laurenzberg is rebuilt.
The Eschweiler Kohlberg before the French era
In 1749 there were 78 mining pits on the Eschweiler Kohlberg , of which sixteen were closed by 1767. In that year, around 60 km away, Christine Wältgens was born in Rath near Düsseldorf. Her father Johann Peter Wältgens , farmer and leaseholder of Kinzweiler Castle near Eschweiler, was given the mining rights to the Großkohl seam and two other seams of the Eschweiler Kohlberg in 1784, after Elector Karl Theodor had issued mining regulations for his Eschweiler Kohlberg in 1775. Johann Peter Wühltgens died in 1787, and his son Ferdinand and his son-in-law Carl Englerth continued to run their mine property. It was the transition to the industrial exploitation of Eschweiler coal. In 1791 a detailed plan of the Eschweiler Kohlberg with the Kohlbäncken was drawn up - drawn by the surveyor Heinrich Casimir Staedtler (born in Brussels , died 1795 in Eschweiler), and in 1793 one of the first steam engines in Germany was in Eschweiler-Pump .
In 1790, between the French Revolution and the French era , Eschweiler was home to 3,386 people.
In House Palant a Roman sarcophagus found 1,793th
Eschweiler in the French era
In 1794 the French occupied the left bank of the Rhine and set up a municipal administration between the Meuse and the Rhine. After the Peace of Campo Formio in 1797, the Département de la Roer with its capital Aachen and thus also the canton Eschweiler in the Arrondissement d'Aix-la-Chapelle ( German: Aachen ) became part of France under constitutional law . The Roerdepartement, and with it Eschweiler, was incorporated into the French Empire in 1801, while the Aachen diocese , to which Eschweiler also belonged, was formed. The other canton cities in the Arrondissement of Aachen are Burtscheid , Düren , Froitzheim , Geilenkirchen , Gemünd , Heinsberg , Linnich , Montjoie (= Monschau ) and Sittard ; however, the neighboring canton of Jülich belongs to the Arrondissement de Cologne . The canton of Eschweiler has 18,904 inhabitants, Eschweiler itself around 2,900.
In 1800, Eschweiler was elevated to the status of town and Mairie and Carl Englerth was first mayor. He remains in this position until his death in 1814. His tenure in 1802 the closure of the falls Cistercian monastery of St. George (= St. Jöris) by Napoleon Bonaparte , 1804 the appointment Eschweilers to the main parish with Pastor Vogel as the first dean of the Canton of Eschweiler , 1804 the introduction of Napoleonic legislation and 1808 the establishment of the Eschweiler Peace Court at the corner of Dürener Strasse and Kolpingstrasse. The Eschweiler judicial district includes Bardenberg , Broich , Büsbach , Dürwiß , Eschweiler, Gressenich , Hoengen , Lamersdorf , Langerwehe , Nothberg , Stolberg and Weisweiler .
The Preyer family ( Gustav Preyer and Louise Preyer ) moved from Rheydt to Eschweiler in 1813 . According to them, which is Preyerstraße named.
Christine Englerth takes over the management of the family mining company in 1814 after the death of her husband Carl. Almost a decade earlier, Napoleon I personally decided in 1805 in the field camp in Braunau am Inn for the Eschweiler concession applications from Englerth and Wältgens .
In the Peace of Paris in 1814, the Rhineland, and thus also Eschweiler, was dissolved from the French Empire.
Eschweiler industrial and railway history
For an overview of Eschweiler's industrial history, see here .
1810s
In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna, the Rhine Province and with it Eschweiler came to the Kingdom of Prussia, which essentially formed the district of Aachen from the cantons of Burtscheid and Eschweiler , which was part of the administrative district of Aachen . The Aachen district has around 43,000 inhabitants. In 1816 Johann Wilhelm Reuleaux set up a distillery in Eschweiler Burg .
1820s
Around 4,500 people lived in Eschweiler in 1820. In 1821 the first fixed wooden bridge for carts across the Inde is built on the Langwahn . In 1822 the town hall was built on Dürener Straße. The city now has over 5,100 inhabitants. In 1823 the Eschweiler district of Mühle was outgunned to Stolberg. In 1824 Christine Englerth acquires the Ichenberg mine. 1825, after the dissolution of the diocese of Aachen , the catholic parish of St. Peter and Paul belongs to the archbishopric of Cologne. The Ichenberg mine is closed. Eschweiler has 6,014 inhabitants. In 1827 Eschweiler becomes a deanery with 14 parishes. Franz Reuleaux was born in 1829 , the Nothberg castle came into civil ownership and a third of the masonry of their manor house was sold for demolition.
1830s
In 1830 a factory of the Englerth & Günzer company is opened in Eschweiler-Pümpchen. The post office and official salt sales point move to Grabenstrasse. In 1832, cholera raged in the city and district of Aachen, a public dining establishment for the poor was built, and a pedestrian bridge was built over the Inde on Kochsgasse. In 1833 there was major damage from Indeh floods, a new post office building on the corner of Jülicher Strasse and Hehlrather Strasse was opened, and Christine Englerth was granted a coal concession. In 1834 Christine Englerth founded the Eschweiler Mining Association ( EBV) and thus the first Prussian stock corporation . In 1838 Friedrich Englerth acquired the ruins of Eschweiler Castle with 7 acres of land, Christine Englerth died, and the EBV's founding contract came into effect, and the first EBV general assembly was carried out.
1840s
In 1840 around 5,000 people lived in Eschweiler. In 1841 the Rhenish Railway Aachen – Cologne and thus also the Eschweiler and Nothberg stations are opened. The Stolberg train station is being built at Propsteier Wald in the Eschweiler area, and the puddling process is introduced at the Englerth & Günzer plant in Eschweiler-Pümpchen. August Thyssen was born in Eschweiler in 1842 . In 1845, Eschweiler Castle De Kaffemöll was rebuilt by Friedrich Englerth for 100,000 Thaler. House Kambach in Kinzweiler is bought by the Rey family. In 1848 the second track on the Eschweiler – Aachen railway line went into operation, there was revolutionary turmoil and the Eschweiler vigilante group was built up, the Eschweiler Anzeiger and Bote an der Inde newspapers were founded.
1850s
In 1850, the Stolberg Chamber of Commerce for the Aachen-Land and Düren districts, which also includes Eschweiler, was later expanded by the Jülich district and then dissolved. The company Dawans, Orbon & Co. builds a rolling mill in Eschweiler-Aue. There are 8,226 inhabitants. In 1851 a plant in Eschweiler-Hasselt is founded by Englerth, Günzer & Fusse. The first demonstrable Rose Monday procession is carried out in Eschweiler. 10,504 people live in Eschweiler in 1852. In 1853, the Concordia company with a blast furnace is founded in Eschweiler (takeover in 1872). In 1854 the hospital is opened by the Catholic parish of St. Peter and Paul at Dürener Straße 83. In 1855 13,987 people lived in Eschweiler. In 1856 the development is south of the Inde; Finding a votive stone in the Propsteier forest with the inscription DEAE SVNVXSALI VLPIVS HVNICIVS started. In 1858 the town charter was granted to the community of Eschweiler by the highest cabinet order of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia according to the Rhenish town code, a hospital commission acquired the area of Eschweiler Castle and the hospital moved there.
In 1859 the towns of Kinzweiler, Hehlrath and St. Jöris leave the city of Eschweiler and form the municipality of Kinzweiler, which Eschweiler co-administers until 1910. You should come back in 1972.
1860s
After the district town of Burtscheid (1858), Eschweiler was the second town in the Aachen district to introduce gas lamps in 1860. There is a new reception building for the Eschweiler (Rh.) Train station (later Eschweiler Hbf). There are about 13,000 residents. The royal majesties Wilhelm I and his wife visit Eschweiler in 1865. In 1867 a telegraph company was set up at the Eschweiler post office. In 1868 the Hugo Heusch leather factory was founded in Aachener Strasse. In 1869 a cholera cross was erected on the Ichenberg (Konkordia settlement).
1870s
In 1871 the time of the 2nd German Empire began. August Thyssen founds Thyssen & Co. KG in Eschweiler. Eschweiler Eisenwalz AG was founded in 1872 (merged in 1903), and EBV took over Concordia. In 1873 the Bergisch-Märkische railway line ( valley railway line ) Eschweiler – Weisweiler – Jülich – Hochneukirch – Mönchengladbach and thus also the Eschweiler-Aue, Eschweiler-Tal and Weisweiler stations were opened. In 1878 the new high school in Grabenstrasse was inaugurated. In 1879 the peace court was converted into a district court , the Propstei coal mine was closed and the oldest Eschweiler carnival society Ulk was founded.
1880s
In 1880 the city of Eschweiler is entitled to use a coat of arms by the very highest cabinet orders. There was the first extraction on the pit reserve. A general census was carried out with the result of 15,610 inhabitants. The Carnival Monday procession with the first Eschweiler prince known by name, Peter I. In 1881, the foundations of a Roman villa were excavated in the Propsteier Forest in Eschweiler, the extension of St. Peter and Paul with transept and choir was built, a new district court (corner of Rosenallee / Marienstrasse) was built. In 1882 the address book of the city of Eschweiler came out as follows: 14,673 Roman Catholic, 789 Protestant Christians and 148 Jews, Eschweiler is 91st of the 170 Prussian communities with more than 10,000 inhabitants and is the only debt-free city apart from Wiesbaden . The municipalities of Broichweiden , Hoengen and Kinzweiler now also belong to the Eschweiler district. In 1885 the official census shows 16,798 inhabitants. In 1887 the FA Neuman company moved from Aachen to Stich . In 1889 the Leo-Haus orphanage was founded on Eschweiler Markt. The Eschweiler volunteer fire brigade was founded and the city telephone system opened with 18 participants.
1890s
In 1890 the foundation stone was laid for the Evangelical Trinity Church and the synagogue on Moltkestrasse, sisters of the poor servants in the St. Josef Children's Home (until 1992), the Eschweiler-born August Thyssen founded Thyssen Hütte AG in Duisburg and the Eschweiler Bank was located in Parkstrasse founded. In 1891 the Kreisaltenheims on Odilienstraße was opened with 120 beds (cost 100,000 gold marks, demolished in 1978) and the Centrum mine closed. From 1892 there was the first public telephone in Eschweiler and the Dreieinigkeitskirche was inaugurated. In 1896 the orphanage St.-Josefs-Haus was opened on Hehlrather Straße and the municipal slaughterhouse was completed. In 1897 the small railway line Bf Eschweiler – Eschweiler Rathaus – Eschweiler-Aue – Atsch was built and the construction of the small railway depot and the power station Eschweiler-Pump was initiated. In 1898 the Eschweiler – Bergrath – Gressenich and Eschweiler – Mariadorf – Alsdorf railroad lines went into operation, Pump-Stich becomes an independent Catholic parish of St. Barbara, the bathing and washing facility in Kaiserstraße (demolished in 1979) was opened, and the first X-ray machine was available in the hospital . In 1899, construction began in the Kaiserstraße and Franzstraße area as well as in the Peter-Paulstraße, Parkstraße and Kolpingstraße area.
1900s
In 1900 the Catholic journeyman's house in Kolpingstrasse was inaugurated and the Helene-Nickel-Stift monastery was founded in Röhe . Eschweiler has 21,668 inhabitants. In 1902 an isolation ward is built at the hospital and afforestation begins on the Hohen Stein . In 1904, the Reichsbank branch at the corner of Englerthstrasse / Kochsgasse was built according to plans by the Geis City Planning Officer (demolished in 1968). In 1905 there was electric light for the first time in Eschweiler-Stadtmitte, the opening of the compulsory commercial training school in Eschweiler, and an official census also showed that the districts were downtown / Röthgen, Bergrath, Röhe, Pump-Stich / Aue and Duffenter / Donnerberg 23,625 Have residents. In 1906 the St. Michaels statue was erected on Eschweiler Markt (destroyed by the air mine in 1943), part of the Eschweiler wire factory collapsed due to large floods, and the Franciscan cooperative took over the Catholic girls' school. In 1907 there was the first cinema in Eschweiler, the Eschweiler-Sackgasse-Hovermühle-Weisweiler small railroad was put into operation (Eschweiler followed in 1908 to Dürwiß), and the merger with the coal mining association founded in 1836 in the Wurmrevier made the EBV one of the largest German mining companies , the new building of the district court in the Kaiserstraße is opened, remains of Roman buildings and coins at the Hovermühle are found, the new building of the rectorate church in Eschweiler-Donnerberg is inaugurated. In 1909 there are 25,619 inhabitants.
1910s
In 1910 the open-cast lignite mine in the north of Eschweiler began and the population fell slightly to 24,740. In 1911 the Eschweiler (Rh.) Train station was renamed Eschweiler Hbf. In 1913, an interest group agreement was signed between the EBV and the Luxembourg steel group ARBED, the EBV relocated its head office from Eschweiler-Pump to Kohlscheid and the cornerstone of the infantry barracks on the corner of Preyerstrasse and Gartenstrasse was laid.
Garrison town and world wars
In 1914 Eschweiler became a garrison town due to the entry of the 2nd Battalion of Infantry Regiment 161. In the same year, by resolution of the Eschweiler city council, the city colors black-yellow-blue are 
defined.
Despite the outbreak of the First World War in the previous year, the post office on the corner of Rosenallee / Kaiserstraße was completed in 1915. After the end of the First World War in 1918, Eschweiler comes under French occupation and later belongs to the Belgian zone of occupation. Nothberg is under British occupation.
In 1919, the Eschweiler Industrial Association and the Eschweiler Adult Education Center were founded during the Weimar Republic . The modern theater was able to open on Dürener Strasse.
1920s
In 1920 the first history society of Eschweiler and the surrounding area was founded. There is a twelve-day strike at the Weisweiler power plant and looting. The population is around 25,100. In 1928 a local history museum is opened by the history association for Eschweiler and the surrounding area. Unfortunately, exhibits such as grave finds, urns and bronze brooches are lost in the Second World War.
In 1923 inflation skyrocketed and the city of Eschweiler issued its own emergency money. On October 16, 1923, separatists hoisted the green-white-red flag of the Rhenish Republic on the house at Neustraße 43 in Eschweiler in the southern city center and opened an advertising office there. On October 22nd and 23rd they attempted a putsch in the Eschweiler town hall, but the alderman Elsen refuses to hand it over. The following day the government called on the population to resist, and on November 2nd the separatists were finally expelled from the city at the behest of the Belgian occupying forces.
In 1927 the Eschweiler Employment Office was established, with Alsdorf, Büsbach, Dürwiß, Eschweiler, Gressenich, Höngen, Kinzweiler and Weisweiler being part of the district. In addition, the colony weather shaft for miners is being built in Eschweiler-Ost. In 1928 the cinema Primus Palast opens in Englerthstrasse.
In 1929 the Franco-Belgian occupation ended.
1930s and until 1945
In 1930, the Eschweiler main post office at the corner of Rosenallee and Kaiserstraße was rebuilt. The first Rose Monday procession after the war takes place. The lyceum is surrounded by an upper lyceum. At that time Eschweiler had 29,343 inhabitants.
In 1931, a firedamp explosion in the Reserve mine killed 32 people. The advertising paper Eschweiler Filmpost publishes its first issue.
The Nothberg office is incorporated into Eschweiler in 1932 with the towns of Nothberg , Bohl , Volkenrath , Hastenrath and Scherpenseel from the Düren district . In the train, the so-called Hastenrather Zipfel to Gressenich and Stolberg are communicated. Due to this restructuring, Eschweiler now has 34,505 inhabitants.
With the start of the Hitler dictatorship, in the Reichstag and regional elections in 1933, the NSDAP became the third party with 22% behind the Center Party (31%) and the KPD (25%). After Hitler came to power, these parties were dissolved in June. The census carried out showed that Eschweiler had 34,444 inhabitants.
The new fire department depot on Rosenallee was inaugurated in 1934. The Inde was regulated from the Lynenwerk Hovermühle to the city limits near Weisweiler.
In 1935 the districts of Birkengang, Donnerberg, Duffenter, Steinbachshochwald , Steinfurt and Velau as well as a train station were removed to Stolberg without replacement or compensation. Due to this fact, the population decreased to 33,639 inhabitants.
Construction of the Cologne-Aachen motorway began on March 22, 1936 with the groundbreaking ceremony in the Eschweiler – Weisweiler section. This was built on behalf of the "Company Reichsautobahn" on the already measured, original railway line Cologne-Düren-Eschweiler-Aachen. Also in 1936, the St. Antonius Hospital affiliated hospital became a specialist hospital.
The first tapping of the Albert Hoffmann steel foundry took place in 1937 and the construction of the 168 m high chimney, Der Lange Heinrich, and the west wall began at the future power station . The Eschweiler valley station becomes the unloading station for the gravel transports. The construction of the Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Eschweiler-Ost is interrupted.
Lignite mining in the Zukunft-West opencast mine began in 1938. In the same year, the Eschweiler synagogue in Moltkestrasse was destroyed on the night of the pogrom. With the entry of the 1st Reserve Infantry Regiment 78, Eschweiler becomes a garrison town again and the NSDAP moves into the old school on the corner of Dürener Strasse / Kochsgasse as a brown house , which is demolished in 1974. Due to the Second World War , which began the following year , the population fell to around 33,000.
The Concordia hut was closed in 1941. In the following year, the Stadtsparkasse Eschweiler merged with the Kreissparkasse Aachen.
In 1943, an aerial mine destroyed the east side of Eschweiler Markt as well as the choir area of the church and the St. Michaels statue. The construction of protective tunnels is started to protect the population. As a result of the war, the Eschweiler population was forcibly evacuated in 1944 and Eschweiler was a front town for three months in autumn. Over 60% of the city of Eschweiler is destroyed during the fighting. The Dreieinigkeitskirche burns down and all bridges over the Inde are blown up except for the pedestrian bridges Kochsgasse and the slaughterhouse. US troops occupy Eschweiler and a US tank destroys the bridge in front of Nothberg Castle and shoots the Pasqualini bay window. The pit reserve cannot be saved and is full of water. The number of residents remaining in the city are on 400 people.
Before the municipal reorganization in 1972
1945 After the end of the Second World War, the British military government took over the Aachen district and thus Eschweiler as well. School lessons are resumed at the Oberlyzeum Liebfrauenschule as the first higher education institution in the Aachen region. The number of Eschweiler residents rises to 514 and 1,863 respectively.
With the return of the population to Eschweiler in 1946, the reconstruction of the city gradually began. Organizationally, Eschweiler belongs to the newly formed state of North Rhine-Westphalia in the British zone of occupation. The Belgian camp Eschweiler in the Eschweiler city forest is built. Due to the return of the population, Eschweiler now has 30,265 inhabitants, but 562 Eschweiler soldiers are missing.
In 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany was founded. The St. Jöris train stop is opened and line 52 Eschweiler– Aachen-Kaiserplatz is set up. Construction work on the Waldschule settlement begins. In the messenger at the Inde a Eschweiler local section reappears.
In 1950 the first Rose Monday procession after the Second World War is celebrated. The construction of the Belgian Camp Astrid in the Propsteier Forest begins. In the course of the construction work, the forest will be closed to the population. At the time, Eschweiler had 35,466 inhabitants.
With the restoration of the Langwahn bridge and the opening of the Röhe railway station, the infrastructure was further expanded in 1952.
The Agency for Technical Relief calls by Hans Ebel on September 9, 1953 Ortsverband Eschweiler to life.
The tram lines to the main train station, to Gressenich and to Dürwiß are switched to buses in 1954.
With the construction of an 80-ton loading ramp at Eschweiler-Tal station for Belgian tanks and the return of the last Eschweiler prisoners of war from Russia, further consequences of the war are dealt with in 1955. At this point in time 38,202 residents belong to Eschweiler.
The Bundeswehr site administration began its service in the Donnerberg camp in 1956 and took over part of the Zeebrugge camp in Belgium. Two years later, Eschweiler becomes a garrison town again with the entry of a federal military unit into the Donnerberg camp.
In 1959, the tram line to Weisweiler was converted to a further route to buses.
In 1961, further regulation of the Inde within the Eschweiler city center began. The Rheinische Lederfabrik stops production. In the same year, an Indeh flood caused damage of 270,000 DM. In the city of Eschweiler, the birth of the 40,000 inhabitants is celebrated.
Due to the new construction of the St. Antonius Hospital, parts of the Eschweiler Castle had to be demolished in 1962 . From the castle, three round corner towers, the surrounding wall and an outbuilding are still preserved. The motorway police station was put into operation.
The inauguration of the Protestant Friedenskirche Friedrichstrasse took place in 1963. In the course of this, the Protestant parishes in Eschweiler were redistributed.
The opening of the Eschweiler bus station and the newly built employment office were celebrated in 1964. The new construction of the administration building Licht- und Kraftwerke am Langwahn took place in the following year and the opening of the Waldstadion was celebrated with the soccer game Eschweiler City Selection against Fortuna Düsseldorf . Eschweiler continued to grow with 40,260 inhabitants.
In 1966 the old town hall in Dürener Straße was renovated and the first groundbreaking on Indestraße took place. The ruins of the old Nothberg church and the Alexian monastery on Jülicher Strasse were demolished. In the following year the Eschweiler landmark Kaffemöll and the bank building in Englerthstrasse were torn down .
When the lines to Eilendorf and Alsdorf were switched to bus operation, tram operations in Eschweiler were discontinued in 1969. At that time there were 39,622 residents in the city.
In 1970 the district seminar for teaching at primary and secondary schools was set up in Röhe . In the following years, the population fell from 39,503 to 39,476.
Eschweiler since 1972
The municipal reorganization in the Aachen area comes into force on January 1, 1972 due to the Aachen Act , and the offices of Dürwiß and Lohn (with Erberich , Langendorf , Laurenzberg and Pützlohn ) from the dissolved district of Jülich and the communities of Kinzweiler (with Hehlrath and St . Jöris ) and Weisweiler (with Hü Hügel and Wilhelmshöhe ) are incorporated into Eschweiler, as is the Gressenicher Mühle . Eschweiler belongs to the new, expanded Aachen district, which consists of nine municipalities . Because of the incorporation, 67 streets will be renamed in the new Eschweiler. In the same year the inauguration of the Catholic Church of St. Silvester in Neu-Lohn takes place . Eschweiler has 55,497 inhabitants.
Since 1973 the district court of Eschweiler has included the cities of Eschweiler and Stolberg. The Propsteier Wald motorway service station was inaugurated. In the following year, the Eschweiler History Association was re-established and the first pedestrian zone in the Aachen district was opened in Grabenstrasse. With the presentation of the certificate to the northern French town of Wattrelos , the town twinning was confirmed. The study center of the Fernuniversität Hagen was also opened in 1975 . 54,567 inhabitants belonged to Eschweiler. The Eschweiler City Center and the new Inde Stadium were inaugurated. Construction of the new town hall began and the Waldschule school center was occupied. Due to a fire, the church in Röhe was destroyed. Two years later, the new town hall could be moved and the Inde regulation completed.
Passenger traffic on the valley railway line was discontinued in 1983 and goods handling at Eschweiler Central Station . The sponsoring company for the Eschweiler lake project was founded with members from the cities of Aldenhoven , Alsdorf , Eschweiler and Würselen . A landslide on the edge of the opencast mine destroyed around 2 hectares in the Dürwiß local recreation area. The population drops to 53,981.
In 1984 the Eschweiler Bergwerks-Verein transfers its iron and steel works in Eschweiler to the Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshütte in Sulzbach-Rosenberg , which closes the Eschweiler-Aue strip rolling mill. Eschweiler recorded an increase in the number of residents to 55,551. Eschweiler founded a town partnership with the southern English borough of Reigate and Banstead in 1985. The carnival fountain in Grabenstrasse was the first carnival fountain on the left bank of the Rhine to be built. The future lignite mine near Dürwiß closed in the same year. 52,786 inhabitants belonged to the city of Eschweiler.
The tower dome of St. Peter and Paul , which was destroyed in 1944, was rebuilt in 1986. In the following year, after a total output of 530 million tons, lignite mining in the Zukunft-West opencast mine was ended. The RWE power plant in Weisweiler put a flue gas desulphurisation system into operation after an investment of around DM 1 billion. ESW-Röhrenwerk GmbH was founded. The 53,058 residents of Eschweiler also took part in the official census .
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, 60 former GDR citizens were welcomed to Eschweiler , who received their welcome money in the town hall. The population rose to 54,419 residents. The new fire station on Florianweg and the vocational schools in Eschweiler on August-Thyssen-Straße were opened.
In 1990 the Shrove Monday procession was canceled for the first time in history due to the storm. 29 Tempo 30 zones have been set up to calm traffic. The groundbreaking ceremony for the IGP and the Kinzweiler golf course falls. The sisters of the order “ Poor Sisters of St. Francis ” leave the St. Anthony Hospital .
Due to the Gulf War in 1991, the Rose Monday procession is canceled again. The first evening technical school for model making technology in North Rhine-Westphalia is founded in Eschweiler. The local transmitter 107.8 Antenne AC, based in the Drimbornshof in Dürwiß, is on the air. The broadcaster took over the supporting program from RTL by 2010. After that, the station belongs to the Radion NRW broadcasting network under the name Antenne AC . With 54,675 inhabitants, the city registered a small growth.
In 1992 severe tremors hit the city. The sisters of the poor servants of Jesus Christ leave the St. Joseph Children's Home . Another increase in the number of residents was reported: 55,129 people now belong to Eschweiler.
In the following year there was a further increase in population to 55,374. The wind power plant at the Aachener Land service area goes into operation and the Bundeswehr site administration closes the Eschweiler site. In 1994, the filling of the Blausteinsee began and the Talbahnhof cultural center opened. 55,791 Eschweiler can now be counted.
The Belgian troops from Camp Astrid in the Propsteier Wald withdrew in 1995 and Eschweiler became the seat of a state forest office that moved into the Broicher Hof in Dürwiss.
In 2000, the filling of the Blausteinsee was completed and it was officially opened on August 12th.
Eschweiler in the 21st century
At the beginning of the new millennium, 56,356 people lived in Eschweiler in 2002.
In 2003 Eschweiler had 55,629 inhabitants and lost the southern part of the former Belgian camp Astrid to Stolberg due to the settlement .
The Aldi distribution center near Kinzweiler was inaugurated in 2004 and bathing in the Blausteinsee was allowed. Eschweiler has 55,697 inhabitants. On the valley railway line , passenger traffic to Weisweiler will be resumed by the Euregiobahn after a break of 21 years.
With Eschweiler Wolf , the media refer to a presumably from a 35-km from Eschweiler remote Belgian coming breeding enclosure Wolf , who sighted in February 2005 in Eschweiler room and on 21 February of Heinsberger is km policemen 30 killed by Eschweiler removed. The name comes from the fact that it has been spotted in Eschweiler in particular, where it pulls a dog on a leash and abducts it. Up to 200 powers are used in the search for him. Later it turned out to be wrong that he should also have killed a second dog.
In 2007 the first performance of a "Vatican version" of Franz Liszt's Missa Solemnis took place in the main parish church of St. Peter and Paul .
In March 2008 the city celebrates 150 years of city rights in a festival week with a parade through the city center. On this occasion, Sparkasse Aachen is issuing a silver commemorative medal. According to an online survey carried out in 2007, the winners for the best Eschweiler song are Willy Jouhsen with “Eischwiele, mee Städtche” and Ralf Burczyk “Eischwiele City”.
On October 18, 2008, the first stumbling blocks were laid in Eschweiler.
Eschweiler in the Aachen city region (Sep. 2009)
Since the dissolution of the Aachen district in September 2009, Eschweiler has been part of the Aachen city region . On August 22nd, 2010 the 1st CityRegion Trophy of the city region will take place on the golf course of Haus Kambach . On December 9, 2010, a media store will open in the new FMZ retail park on Auerbachstrasse . On October 1, 2016, contrary to major protests in the workforce, population and politics, the successful obstetrics at St. Antonius Hospital will be closed in order to support the Bethlehem health center in the neighboring town of Stolberg; the project operates under the name RegioNetzwerk für die Frau . On July 28, 2018, SPD chairwoman Andrea Nahles visits the Aachener Land service area in Eschweiler as part of her summer tour and speaks to truck drivers.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Waitz , Wilhelm Wattenbach a . a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 15.1: Supplementa tomorum I-XII, pars III. Supplementum tomi XIII pars I. Hannover 1887, p. 257 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version )
- ↑ Martin Bünermann, Heinz Köstering: The communities and districts after the municipal territorial reform in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1975, ISBN 3-555-30092-X .
- ↑ Simon Küpper: The history of the Eschweiler history club since 1974; A success story to rediscover the past. November 17, 2016, accessed November 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Alexander Fell: VWV Blausteinsee - history. Retrieved November 14, 2018 .
- ↑ The wolf (Canis lupus) ancestor of our domestic dog ( Memento from July 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Dog forum. Retrieved November 14, 2018 .
- ↑ franzliszt-eschweiler.de. Retrieved November 14, 2018 .
- ^ Aachener Zeitung: Aachener Zeitung. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 14, 2018 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ SPD leader Nahles on a summer tour in Aachen (sic!) WDR website contribution with incorrect location, accessed on August 6, 2018
