Feldherrenviertel
The Äußere Westend, usually called Feldherrenviertel , is a residential area west of the city center of the Hessian state capital Wiesbaden . It was largely created for the lower middle class between 1895 and 1906 in the style of historicism . It owes its name to the fact that its streets and squares are named after popular Prussian generals and places of significant battles in the German Empire , especially after its founding in 1871 . Administratively, the district with the Inner Westend belongs to the Westend district , the smallest of the city's 26 districts.
history
When Wiesbaden experienced its heyday as a world spa town at the time of the empire and especially around the turn of the century 1900, the emperor went to the spa every year in May and the city had the most millionaires in Germany, there was an enormous population growth (from approx. 33,000 inhabitants in 1870 to approx. 109,000 inhabitants in 1910). This made extensive city expansion necessary. In addition to the extensive villa areas to the east and north, a mostly four-storey closed residential development was built around the Ringstrasse (Kaiser-Friedrich-Ring and Bismarckring), which runs in a quarter arc from the south-facing central station to the Ringkirche and on to the northwestern Sedanplatz around the historic center of the city, the so-called historical pentagon . The Dichterviertel was created here in the south, the Rheingauviertel to the northwest and the Feldherrenviertel in the north .
The town architect Felix Genzmer , who worked in Wiesbaden from 1881 to 1903, played a decisive role in its design . The richly decorated town houses were built predominantly in the style of historicism and mostly housed manorial town houses with 3.50 m high ceilings, stucco and double doors and often had huge dimensions of up to 200 m². In later years, these apartments were often divided into smaller units for better rentability.
The Feldherrenviertel is bordered in the east by the Bismarckring , which is part of the Ringstrasse , and in the north flows into Sedanplatz , in the south by Dotzheimer Strasse , in the west and northwest by Klarenthaler Strasse and Elsässer Platz , in the north by Kurt-Schumacher- and Zietenring and finally in the northeast of Emser Strasse and Weißenburgstrasse . Its center and only urban open space next to the Elsässer Platz and Sedanplatz located on its edge is the Blücherplatz with the Blücherschule (elementary school) of the same name built by Felix Genzmer in 1897 .
The quarter owes its name to the naming of its streets. These are all named after Prussian generals and generals, mainly from the time of the wars of liberation against Napoleon in 1813 and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71.
Streets and squares and their namesake
Streets and squares named after Prussian generals and generals
Blücherstrasse and Blücherplatz
named after Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , Prince of Wahlstatt (born December 16, 1742 in Rostock , † September 12, 1819 in Krieblowitz ) was a Prussian field marshal and has distinguished himself in many major battles. Because of his offensive tactics, he is also called "Marshal Forward".
Victorious in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in 1813. In the same year he was appointed commander of the Silesian Army , with Gerhard von Scharnhorst as chief of staff and Neidhardt von Gneisenau as quartermaster general. His army gave the events a decisive impetus when they crossed the Rhine on New Year's Eve in order to work towards the final overthrow of Napoleon . After the victory in 1814, which brought him to the prince's rank, Blücher and his chief of staff Gneisenau also played a decisive role in the victory at Waterloo .
Gneisenaustrasse
named after August Count Neidhardt von Gneisenau , born August Wilhelm Antonius Neidhardt (born October 27, 1760 in Schilda , Saxony, † August 23, 1831 in Posen ), Prussian field marshal and army reformer . As Blücher's chief of staff, he played a major role in the victory at Waterloo.
Scharnhorststrasse
named after Gerhard von Scharnhorst (born November 12, 1755 in Bordenau an der Leine , today in Neustadt am Rübenberge, † June 28, 1813 in Prague ), Prussian general. Scharnhorst was under Friedrich Wilhelm III. from 1808 to 1810 Prussian Minister of War . In 1813 he became first general quartermaster in Blücher's Silesian army . In the battle of Großgörschen on May 2, 1813, Scharnhorst was so badly wounded that he died of the consequences of the wound a few weeks later. Together with Gneisenau , he decisively reformed the Prussian military by introducing a reservist system that greatly increased the number of trained soldiers. Among other things, he abolished corporal punishment in the Prussian army in 1807 . His grave is in the Invalidenfriedhof in Berlin.
Roonstrasse
The former Stadtbad, also known as the Volksbrausebad, is located at Roonstraße 3. It was built in 1901–02 by the city architect Felix Genzmer to improve the hygienic conditions. It consisted of several cabins with showers or bathtubs, which were also open on Sundays and public holidays. The bath time was max. 20 minutes. Even the upscale rental apartments of the imperial era almost all had no bathrooms or showers. The word Städtisches Bad can still be read above the entrance. Inside, the premises were converted into a kindergarten.
Roonstrasse is named after Albrecht Graf von Roon (born April 30, 1803 in Pleushagen near Kolberg (Pomerania), † February 23, 1879 in Berlin), Prussian general, from 1859 war minister and 1861 naval minister at the same time. Roon carried out the army reorganization despite strong opposition, became general of the infantry in 1866, and in 1871, after the successful Franco-Prussian War, Kaiser Wilhelm I elevated him to the rank of count. In 1873 he became field marshal and from January 1 to November 9, 1873 he was head of the Prussian State Ministry. The 33rd Fusilier Regiment was named after him.
Bülowstrasse
named after Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow , Count von Dennewitz (* 1755 in Falkenberg in the Altmark , † 1816 in Königsberg ), Prussian general. 1797 commander of Soldau , defended Thorn in 1806 , governor of East and West Prussia in 1812, took Halle in 1813 , won at Luckau , Großbeeren , Dannewitz.
Yorckstrasse
named after Johann David Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (born September 26, 1759 Potsdam ; † October 4, 1830 Oels ), Prussian officer and field marshal. Sentenced to one year imprisonment in a fortress for disobedience in 1779 , he did not return to Prussian service until 1787. Promoted to major general in 1807, he was second in command in 1812, then commander in chief of the Prussian auxiliary contingent in the Russian campaign . In this capacity he signed the so-called " Convention of Tauroggen " on December 30, 1812 . Rehabilitated in March 1813, he took an active part in the wars of liberation in Germany. During the first day of the Battle of Leipzig , the York Corps bore the brunt of the fighting at Möckern . For his achievements in this war he was awarded the title Yorck " Graf von Wartenburg ". In 1815, Yorck left active military service at his own request and retired to his estate in Oels / Silesia. In 1821, however, he received the title of General Field Marshal .
Goebenstrasse
named after August Karl von Goeben (born December 10, 1816 Stade (Hanover), † November 13, 1880 Koblenz ), Prussian general. Goeben was victorious in 1864 at Düppel, in Posen, Münster, and in 1866 at Dermbach , Kissingen , Laufach , Aschaffenburg ; and occupied Würzburg , 1870 at Spichern , Gravelotte , 1871 Saint-Quentin , commanding general in Koblenz.
Nettelbeckstrasse
named after the captain Joachim Nettelbeck (born September 20, 1738 in Kolberg , † January 29, 1824 ibid), who became famous for his role in the siege of Kolberg in 1807 . After an adventurous life as a seaman, he took up his father's profession and became a brandy distiller. Elected to some committees in old age, he also worked at a maritime court as a Royal Prussian ship surveyor . When, in 1806, Kolberg was one of the few Prussian fortresses that did not surrender to Napoléon Bonaparte, Nettelbeck, as a citizen representative, was the leader of the opposition to the commander Ludwig Moritz von Lucadou , whom he saw as a risk for Kolberg. After the fighting began in March 1807, Nettelbeck operated his removal. The successor Major Gneisenau managed to win the Nettelbeck party for cooperation. Without the driving force of Nettelbeck it would not have been possible to successfully repel the besiegers. In the dispute about the Prussian reforms, especially about the failure to keep the constitutional promise, Nettelbeck was seen in the Vormärz as a key witness for the right of the citizens to shape public affairs. In the further 19th century, the seaman Nettelbeck was a role model for the young people who were pushing for seafaring in view of the desired German sea sailing. Because, on the occasion of the peace negotiations in Vienna in 1814/15, Nettelbeck had suggested that France surrender overseas possessions to Prussia, Nettelbeck was an early advocate for German colonial efforts . The last high point of his instrumentalisation was the endurance film Kolberg at the end of the Second World War , which showed Nettelbeck as a fighter and a prophet of victory determined to everything. He was quoted as saying that the Kolbergers would rather let themselves be buried under piles of rubble than hand over their city. The artist Ewald Hess (1918–1995) had his studio in house no .
Zietenring
named after Hans Joachim von Zieten (born May 14, 1699 in Wustrau near Ruppin; † January 26, 1786 in Berlin), Prussian equestrian general.
"Take a seat and Zieten out of the bush!" Is the first line of the poem "Die Attacke", which Detlev von Liliencron dedicated to the Prussian general Hans Joachim von Zieten as a poetic compliment.
After the first bumpy years of his military career, the "ancestor of all hussars" rose to general of the cavalry under King Friedrich II . At the age of fifteen he entered the Prussian army. After being passed over on several promotions, he took his leave in 1724. Two years later he became an officer again, as the management of the family's estate did not keep him busy. Soon afterwards he was embroiled in a duel and sentenced to imprisonment, but then rehabilitated in 1730 at the intercession of some generals. He joins a hussar regiment .
In the Polish War of Succession he served under the Austrian hussar general von Bársonay, from whom he learned a lot about the leadership of light cavalry. Under Frederick II he served in the Silesian Wars . Zieten, famous for his vigilance, made great contributions in the reconnaissance and in battle; because of his attacks on the unprepared opponent, he becomes a "pick from the bush". Above all, he carried out innovations in the cavalry, neglected by the soldier king, which made it a powerful weapon. In the Seven Years' War he matured from leader of the light cavalry to a far-sighted commander and saves the battle for the Prussian side more than once. He became the most popular and popular general of Frederick II, who repeatedly showed him his appreciation and gratitude.
Blumenthalstrasse
Named after Leonhard von Blumenthal (1810–1900), a Prussian general and chief of staff to Army Leader Friedrich Wilhelm in the German War and in the Franco-German War.
Streets and squares named after places
Sedanplatz and Sedanstrasse
Named after the city of Sedan in northern France . Nearby on September 1, 1870, the " Battle of Sedan " took place, which marked the turning point in the Franco-German War. In the battle, a French army under the command of Count von Mac-Mahon and General de Wimpffen and a German army under Count von Moltke faced each other. The battle ended with a victory for the Germans. The French Emperor Napoléon III. who joined the French troops that afternoon was captured along with 100,000 soldiers. The French casualties amounted to about 17,000, those of the Germans to about 9,000 men. In the German Empire there were celebrations for the anniversaries of the battle until 1918. September 2nd was chosen to be " Sedan Day ".
Weißenburgstrasse
Named after the Battle of Weissenburg in Alsace. On August 4, 1870, German troops defeated the French led by Mac-Mahon here. Several monuments on the Gaisberg on the Wissembourg - Riedseltz road are a reminder of the many fallen.
Elsässer Straße and Elsässer Platz
Both are named after the province of Alsace , which was German territory on the Upper Rhine after the conquest in the Franco-Prussian War from 1871 to 1918. The square, a large open space within the densely populated Westend, is currently largely used as a parking lot. For many years it served as the venue for the Andreasmarkt . A redesign to a green area with an underground car park is in the political discussion, but fails because of the high costs.
Lothringer Strasse
Named after the province of Lorraine : from 1871 to 1918 German territory on the Upper Rhine, conquered in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71.
education
Blücherschule
The Blücherschule is located on Blücherplatz and was built in 1896–1897 as an elementary school based on a design by the architect and Wiesbaden city planner Felix Genzmer . The facades show gray natural stone on the ground floor and red clinker on the upper floors ; the plastic jewelry (especially in the parapet areas of the 2nd floor) were made in yellowish sandstone based on models by the Cologne sculptor Johann Degen . This also includes round relief medallions with the heads of Blücher, Freiherr vom Stein and the school reformer Adolph Diesterweg and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . The structuring of the facades, such as the cornices , corner blocks and window frames, are also made of the same material . An unusual decorative element are the geometric patterns of the roof surfaces made by using different colored glazed Ludowici interlocking tiles.
After the Second World War , during the repair of the bomb damage, the roof of the southern component was repaired with simplifications, re-covered and provided with a dormer . Since then, the hood-like roofs of the southwest stair tower and the bay window on the south side have been missing from this component .
The original gymnasium was on the west side of Scharnhorststrasse and was destroyed in the Second World War. A replacement for them was created after 1945 on the north side; this hall was demolished in 2017 after a new building was completed on the west side. This new building stands in the same place as the original gym, but the design of the building or the listed school building was not adapted.
Leibniz School
The upper secondary school for boys on Zietenring was built between 1903 and 1905 by the city master builder Felix Genzmer . From 1956 it was run as a high school with the name Leibnizschule Wiesbaden and later took on girls.
Web links
- Feldherrenviertel on the pages of the city of Wiesbaden
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elsässer Platz ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the SPD Westend. Retrieved November 24, 2011
- ↑ Blücherschule on the website of the city of Wiesbaden, accessed on November 24, 2011
- ↑ Ludowici catalog 1914, p. 13. ( Catalogs of the Ludovici brickworks on dachziegelarchiv.de )
Coordinates: 50 ° 4 ′ 49 ″ N , 8 ° 13 ′ 34 ″ E