Flight shame

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The term flight Cham (from Swedish flygskam , in English as a flight shame called) is a neologism , which was founded in the 2017th The concept literally describes the feeling of personal shame about the use of commercial aircraft . In fact, the word is more an expression of increased environmental awareness, which leads people to use the plane less or no longer as a means of transport. The term was chosen as one of the three Swiss-German words of the year in 2019 . The word has been in Duden since 2020 .

Surveys in several European countries show that a significant proportion of people are ashamed of their air travel or have adapted their behavior in relation to air travel. With the rise of aviation shame, a number of organizations have changed their travel policies to use other modes of transport for shorter distances.

Concept history

Definition of terms

The term flight shame is a neologism and a translation of the Swedish 'flygskam'. It literally describes the concept that everyone should feel ashamed at the thought of taking an airplane. The second part of the word 'shame' is slightly misleading: flight shame rather describes 'awareness (of the environmental damage caused by air travel) and, as a consequence, avoiding air travel'. Oxford Dictionaries defines the English 'flight shame' as “unwillingness to travel by air because airplanes cause harmful greenhouse gases and other pollutants” ( “A reluctance to travel by air, or discomfort at doing so, because of the damaging emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants by aircraft " ).

Flight shame does not mean giving up travel completely, but traveling with less climate-damaging modes of transport.

In the international media there is sometimes talk of a 'flight shame movement'.

Entry into parlance

The term 'flygskam' began to become popular in late 2017 when several popular Swedish people declared that they would no longer fly. The Swedish Language Council selected 'flygskam' among the 33 words established in Swedish in 2018. The word flight shame also expresses a change in values . While air travel used to be a status symbol, "now attach something embarrassing to them" wrote a well-known Swedish newspaper.

The word flight shame has been used in German-language media since November 2018:

  • Flugscham and the biathlete and former World Cup and Olympic champion Björn Ferry , the pioneer of the 'Flygskam' movement, works as a commentator for Swedish television and has stipulated from his employer that he does not have to travel to all venues by plane and therefore Covered 13,000 kilometers by train
  • Flugscham and the Swedish opera singer Malena Ernman , who had declared in promotional videos for a nature conservation association that, although she worked all over the world, she had stopped flying
  • Flight shame exaggerated as a 'widespread disease' because the number of passengers in Sweden is falling and the number of rail passengers is rising
  • a radio broadcast in which listeners present live their assessment of flight shame and the decision not to fly for climate protection reasons

In 2020, the Duden editorial team included the word in the 28th edition of the spelling dictionary. The online edition explains its importance with "a guilty conscience, polluting the climate when traveling by plane (especially due to the high CO 2 emissions)".

Flight shame also became known through the consistent avoidance of air travel by climate protection activist Greta Thunberg : Her decision to no longer fly, that she made her parents no longer fly (the above-mentioned Malena Ernman is her mother), her journey to the UN -Climatic Conference in Katowice 2018 and the World Economic Forum 2019 in Davos by train, your low-emission journey to the UN Climate Conference in New York (August / September 2019) with the racing yacht Malizia across the Atlantic as well as the short-term rescheduling of the 2019 Climate Conference (COP 25 ) from Santiago de Chile (South America) to Madrid required return trip across the Atlantic in November 2019 on board the catamaran 'La Vagabonde'.

In the course of 2019, the term flight shame finally found its way into everyday German:

"I also warn against promoting flight shame now."

- Federal Minister of Transport Scheuer

"When I hear flight shame, I get blood pressure"

- Raoul Hille (Head of Hanover Airport)

In 2020 flight shame was included in the Duden .

In the vote for the German-Swiss Word of the Year 2019, flight shame came in third place. Places one and two were taken by “Climate Youth” and “ OK Boomer ”. For the French part of Switzerland , “Flygskam” was chosen among the top three. The choice was justified by flight shame u. a. so that this word became a topic in 2019. The word describes the shame about not having to do without air travel despite climate change. Flugscham was also on the list of 10 candidates for the Austrian word of the year 2019.

The English, flight shame 'came in the choice of the word in 2019 by Oxford Dictionaries on the shortlist (was chosen climate emergency' ( Climate Emergency )). According to Oxford Dictionaries, the word was virtually unused a year earlier.

In addition to 'flight shame', the term 'flying shame' is occasionally used in English. The term is also used in aviation science.

The concept of avoiding air travel before the concept of flight shame appeared

The concept of flight shame, i.e. the awareness of the environmental damage caused by air travel and, as a consequence, the avoidance of air travel, was practiced long before the concept of flight shame. British journalist Jocelyn Timperley wrote in 2019 in an article on Flight Cham, that they for years air travel because of their CO 2 avoided footprint. In the WDR-5 show 'Flight shame - how do you travel?' One of the listeners said that in 1990 she decided to stop flying because of the climate impacts of air traffic, and that she has done so until today (March 2019). The Guardian published an article in 2019 that highlights the various motivations of people who either give up flying altogether or have greatly reduced the number of air travel. Many of the people presented made their last flight in the early 2000s, many years before the discussion about the term flight shame emerged.

The Swedish pioneers Malena Ernman and Björn Ferry also stopped flying in 2016, before the term flight shame came up, due to the climate crisis.

Climate science background

Climate scientists expect a CO 2 -Budget out, would occur if exceeded unpredictable consequences, such as the state of the greenhouse soil , to be hostile for humans conditions would result and the already upon reaching Paris Convention established two degree goal could arrive . With average emissions of around 40 gigatons of CO 2 equivalents per year in 2017, if there is no change in emissions, depending on the assumed CO 2 budget, humankind will have around 20 to 30 years until this budget is exhausted. thereafter, because of the very long-term absorption of greenhouse gases by the earth system, no greenhouse gases should be emitted for millennia. In order to keep the climate system for the human species within a reasonable framework in the long term, it is therefore necessary to both quickly abandon new greenhouse gases and to remove existing greenhouse gases through negative emissions .

Against this background, the environmental impact of aviation is significant. According to the German Federal Environment Agency , air travel is the most damaging type of transport for the climate. For example, a flight from Germany to the Maldives and back causes more than five tons of carbon dioxide per person , which is almost half the average annual balance of a German. Air travel is responsible for around 4.9% of global emissions, of which around 2.5% are directly attributable to CO 2 . They are caused by around 10% of the world's population, whereas around 90% of the world's population have never boarded an airplane.

influence

By November 2018, around 30,000 people in Sweden had joined together in a Facebook group in which they could share their experiences with rail travel. Business people and doctors reported there that it was indeed possible to take the train to appointments in London or Frankfurt. Politicians from all parties declared that they would avoid air travel as far as possible. In a survey conducted by the World Wildlife Foundation in March 2019, 20% of those questioned said that they had already given up a flight in order to protect the environment.

At the same time as the discussions about flight shame emerged, the Swedish railway company SJ registered a significant increase in bookings for night trains within Sweden in 2018 , while flight bookings fell in the same period. Figures from October 2019 suggest that this trend could continue. [obsolete] Since the beginning of 2019, the number of passengers on Swedish domestic flights has fallen by 8%, according to the airport operator Swedavia ; this roughly corresponds to the situation at the time of the financial crisis in 2008/2009 and is at least partly attributed to the debate about the climate crisis . The insolvency of the Swedish regional airline Nextjet , as a result of which many domestic routes were not served for months, and the flight tax introduced in 2018 are seen as other major causes . Svedavia, operator of 10 airports in Sweden, also attributes the declining passenger numbers in part to the climate debate. Rickard Gustafson, CEO of SAS Scandinavian Airlines , believes that flight shame has led to a decline in passenger numbers.

In Germany, the effects of a debate about the CO 2 problem in air traffic have so far (2019) not been linked to a change in the number of air trips: Although the debate is still going on here, for example, the operator of Düsseldorf Airport reported this in the drought year 2019 best traffic year in its history. The number of passengers on international and domestic flights rose to a new record in the first half of 2019. It is estimated that less than 1% of these flights are offset with CO 2 offsetting. The Süddeutsche Zeitung also reported on November 20, 2019 that Fridays For Future and Flugscham have not yet had any impact on the booking behavior of German holiday travelers, on the contrary, the rising trend in medium and long-haul flights will continue unabated in 2019, according to well-known tour operators. Slightly weaker growth can be explained by the economy.

According to the Airports Council International Europe , the growth in the number of European passengers decreased to 4.3% in 2018. In the previous year it was 6.7%.

During a protest at Stuttgart Airport at the beginning of the 2019 summer vacation, activists from Fridays For Future wanted to make travelers feel guilty. Many passengers were uncomfortable when asked about their flight behavior. Some said they would not take the train because the journey was taking too long or they thought the railroad was too unreliable. The airport spokesman showed understanding for the action, because it was important to mobilize for climate protection and thus responsible travel. The aviation industry must take care of climate neutrality. B. with synthetic fuels, long-term z. B. with electric aircraft. Activists said that they no longer fly themselves or only fly occasionally in emergencies.

According to a survey by the Federal Association of the German Aviation Industry, around 44% of Germans feel ashamed when they use an airplane. In Belgium , according to a survey by the WES agency, just under 1/3 of people (28.4%) have adjusted their behavior regarding air travel due to concerns about global warming ; 43% behave unchanged.

As one of the first German universities, the Berlin University of Technology and Economics (HTW) canceled all short-haul flights in 2019; Business trips are now to be replaced by more climate-friendly means of transport. In a survey from 2019, one fifth of all academic staff at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin stated that they wanted to avoid short flights. Several hundred employees of the Free University of Berlin also signed a corresponding self-declaration. In September 2019, the start-up Klarna sent its 600 Stockholm employees to a company party in Berlin by bus and train, and Nordea , the largest Swedish financial group, has canceled short-haul flights.

In Switzerland, the flight of a delegation from Basel to Hamburg to study public transport there sparked a debate and led to politicians and state employees of the canton of Basel-Stadt being banned from air travel up to a distance of 1000 kilometers. The new motto is: "The smart one takes the train." The Federal Council wants to reduce the CO 2 emissions of air travel by the federal administration by 30 percent by 2030. To this end, an action plan was decided, which will be implemented by all administrative units of the federal administration from mid-2020. This stipulates that if the journey takes less than six hours , you must always travel by train.

A study by the International Council on Clean Transportation from 2019 investigated the extent to which one should be ashamed of flying (“Should you be ashamed of flying?”). For this purpose, the customer structure of US passengers was considered. It was found that more than half (53%) of the Americans did not take a single flight in the observation period 2017, whereas 12% of the Americans were classified as frequent fliers with six or more flights and thus for 68% of all air travel were responsible. The authors of the study come to the conclusion that for most Americans there is no need to be ashamed of flight because they do not or almost not participate in air traffic, while only a very small segment of the population is responsible for the majority of the emissions caused by air traffic wearing.

A study by Lund University looked at the topic of super emitters . It showed, for example, Bill Gates for 2017 alone that he made 59 flights in a private jet and flown over 200,000 air miles. This corresponds to CO 2 emissions of 1,600 tons. Its CO 2 emissions therefore correspond to the CO 2 emissions of around 10,000 average people. Bill Gates was asked about the extent of his air travel and the guilt he wears because of his commitment to overcoming the climate crisis ; Gates then described the extent of his air travel as "guilty pleasure".

The aviation industry is aware of the problem. At the annual meeting of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in Seoul in June 2019, she dealt extensively with how she can deal with flight shame. The head of IATA, Alexandre de Juniac, said that flight shame will continue to grow if you don't meet it (“Unchallenged, this sentiment will grow and spread”). In November 2019, the IATA announced that it would start an advertising campaign with a budget of millions under the name “Fly aware”, in which the progress already made and future commitments should be highlighted. Without explicitly naming Greta Thunberg , the campaign is seen as a reaction to the movement that she has set off. [outdated]

The major banks UBS and Citigroup each published analyzes in which they attempt to assess the risk of the flight shame movement for business in the aviation industry. The industry reacts partly with the promise to want to develop alternative fuels, partly emissions are compensated. The CO 2 compensation program CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) was decided under the umbrella of the UN ; participation is initially voluntary.

Specifically, airlines announced in 2019 that they would automatically offset all or some of their flights with CO 2 (e.g. Braathens (fully integrated into SAS Norge since 2009 )). The Scandinavian SAS automatically offsets the CO 2 for its regular customers as long as the tickets are booked through their frequent flyer program. At TUI , flights are automatically CO 2 compensated if the ticket holder is domiciled in Scandinavia. Easyjet announced in November 2019 that it would offset all flights. The company is aware that offsetting does not solve the emissions problem.

Initiatives related to flight shame

Internationally, the Stay Grounded initiative is committed to avoiding air travel. The German offshoot is remain on the ground .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Flight shame. In: Duden . Accessed on August 10, 2020 : "Bad conscience, polluting the climate when traveling by plane (especially due to the high CO2 emissions)"
  2. ^ Imogen West-Knights: Why the flight-shaming movement sweeping Europe won't take off in the UK. In: New Statesman . October 8, 2019, accessed on November 20, 2019 (English): "... the shame we ought to feel about flying ..."
  3. ↑ Klaus Raab: Flugscham: The stupid world citizen. In: The time . May 17, 2019, accessed on November 22, 2019 : "... because many people can immediately understand what it describes [the flight shame]: the shame of having lost control of one's ecological footprint at the expense of everyone."
  4. ^ Imogen West-Knights: Why the flight-shaming movement sweeping Europe won't take off in the UK. In: New Statesman . October 8, 2019, accessed on November 20, 2019 (English): "... the verb" to shame "is a little misleading ... the reasons behind the psychology have more to do with" conscience "- which" seems to be a driving force "."
  5. ↑ Air traffic - with "flight shame" for the environment. Deutsche Welle , April 12, 2019, accessed on November 23, 2019 : “Flygskam - Flugscham in German. What is meant is not flying for the sake of the environment. "
  6. ↑ Word of the Year 2019. Oxford Dictionaries , accessed on November 22, 2019 (English, see under keyword 'Flight shame').
  7. ↑ a b c Jocelyn Timperley: Why 'flight shame' is making people swap planes for trains. In: BBC . September 10, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  8. ^ Imogen West-Knights: Why the flight-shaming movement sweeping Europe won't take off in the UK. In: New Statesman . October 8, 2019, accessed on November 23, 2019 (English): "" Flysgskam "... started to gain prominence in late 2017 when various Swedish celebrities pledged to give up air travel."
  9. ↑ Här är nyorden som stegat in i svenskan! In: Språktidningen. 2019, accessed February 15, 2019 (Swedish). Swedish definition in the original: "känsla av att det ur miljösynpunkt är en förkastlig handling att flyga"
  10. ↑ André Anwar: Staying on the ground - for the sake of the environment. In: Stuttgarter Zeitung . December 16, 2018, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  11. ↑ "Flygskam" - Swedes are ashamed of flying. In: orf.at . November 19, 2018, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Carsten Schmiester: Climate protection in Sweden: Shame flies with you. In: Deutschlandfunk . November 21, 2018, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  13. ^ Laura Frommberg: New common disease: flight shame. In: Tages-Anzeiger . November 22, 2018, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Flight shame - how do you travel? In: WDR 5 . March 5, 2019, accessed on March 5, 2019 (45-minute radio broadcast with live listeners, available until March 5, 2020).
  15. ↑ Tobias Becker: Germany in a book. In: Der Spiegel . August 8, 2020, p. 123.
  16. ↑ Flight shame, the. Duden.de, accessed on August 11, 2020.
  17. ↑ Jocelyn Timperley: Why 'flight shame' is making people swap planes for trains. In: BBC . September 10, 2019, accessed on November 2, 2019 (English): "Thunberg's own efforts to avoid flying have raised the profile of the movement yet further, ..."
  18. ↑ Greta Thunberg on Whether She'd Meet with the President. YouTube , November 2, 2019, accessed November 23, 2019 .
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  20. ↑ Sebastian Reuter: Sailing trip across the Atlantic: It will not be a pleasant journey for Greta Thunberg. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 14, 2019, accessed November 23, 2019 .
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  22. ↑ Train instead of plane ›‹ Scheuer wants to have train ticket prices checked. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 13, 2019, accessed on November 2, 2019 : “I also warn against promoting flight shame now. (Federal Minister of Transport Scheuer) "
  23. ↑ Hanover's airport manager: "When I hear flight shame, I get blood pressure". In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung . August 1, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  24. ↑ New Duden with corona terms, flight shame and transgender , rnd.de, August 12, 2020
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  26. ↑ Voting started - kicking out and Ibiza affair: contenders for the words and sayings of the year. In: Tyrolean daily newspaper . October 30, 2019, accessed December 5, 2019 .
  27. ^ Naaman Zhou: Oxford Dictionaries declares 'climate emergency' the word of 2019. In: The Guardian . November 21, 2019, accessed November 22, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Word of the Year 2019. Oxford Dictionaries , accessed on November 22, 2019 (English, see graphic under 'Flight Shame').
  29. ↑ Umair Irfan: Air travel is a huge contributor to climate change. A new global movement wants you to be ashamed to fly. In: Vox . September 27, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  30. ↑ Niclas Rolander, Hanna Hoikkala, Niklas Magnusson: 'Flying Shame' Is Now Starting to Ground Swedish Business Travel. In: Bloomberg . September 20, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Stefan Gössling, Paul Hanna, James Higham, Scott Cohen, Debbie Hopkins: Can we fly less? Evaluating the 'necessity' of air travel . In: Journal of Air Transport Management . tape 81 , October 2019, September 26, 2019, article has the keyword "Flight shame" , doi : 10.1016 / j.jairtraman.2019.101722 (English).
  32. ↑ Flight shame - how do you travel? Moderation: Julia Schöning. WDR , March 5, 2019, accessed on November 23, 2019 (from minute 08:43 to 13:03, specifically 08:43 to 09:46).
  33. ↑ Emine Saner: Could you give up flying? Meet the no-plane pioneers . In: The Guardian . May 22, 2019, ISSN  0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed August 11, 2020]).
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  37. ↑ Will Steffen , Johan Rockström , Katherine Richardson , Timothy M. Lenton , Carl Folke , Diana Liverman , Colin P. Summerhayes, Anthony D. Barnosky , Sarah E. Cornell, Michel Crucifix, Jonathan F. Donges, Ingo Fetzer, Steven J. Lade, Marten Scheffer, Ricarda Winkelmann & Hans Joachim Schellnhuber (2018). Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . August 6, 2018 doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1810141115
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  44. ↑ Hanna Hoikkala, Niklas Magnusson: As 'flying shame' grips Sweden, SAS ups stakes in climate battle. In: Bloomberg . April 14, 2019, accessed on November 30, 2019 (English): "According to Swedavia, the climate debate is one reason behind its falling passenger numbers, beside ..."
  45. ↑ Gavin Haines: Is Sweden's 'flight shame' movement dampening demand for air travel? In: The Telegraph . May 31, 2019, accessed November 27, 2019 .
  46. ↑ Air traffic: There has never been so much check-in. In: Zeit Online . August 26, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  47. ↑ Vanessa Materla: Air travelers: Because of flight shame . In: Zeit Online . August 30, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
  48. ↑ Maximilian Helmes: German vacationers show no flight shame. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung online. November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019 .
  49. ↑ Valérie Collet: Chute de la croissance du trafic aérien en Europe. In: Le Figaro . August 8, 2019, accessed November 23, 2019 (French).
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  57. ↑ Federal Council wants to reduce CO2 emissions from air travel by the federal administration by 30 percent by 2030. In: Federal Office of Energy . December 13, 2019, accessed January 3, 2020 .
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  59. ↑ a b Stefan Gössling: These celebrities cause 10,000 times more carbon emissions from flying than the average person. Lund University , October 23, 2019, accessed November 2, 2019 .
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