Heiden AR

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AR is the abbreviation for the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland and is used to avoid confusion with other entries of the name Heiden .
Heathens
Coat of arms of pagans
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of Appenzell AusserrhodenCanton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)
District : former district of Vorderlandw
BFS no. : 3032i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 9410
UN / LOCODE : CH HEI
Coordinates : 758 153  /  256931 coordinates: 47 ° 26 '39 "  N , 9 ° 32' 8"  O ; CH1903:  758153  /  256931
Height : 802  m above sea level M.
Height range : 465-1037 m above sea level M.
Area : 7.48  km²
Residents: 4162 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 556 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.heiden.ch
View of the village from the south-east

View of the village from the south-east
Location of the municipality
Bodensee Österreich Kanton Appenzell Innerrhoden Kanton Appenzell Innerrhoden Kanton Appenzell Innerrhoden Kanton St. Gallen Bezirk Mittelland Grub AR Heiden AR Lutzenberg AR Lutzenberg AR Rehetobel Reute AR Wald AR Walzenhausen WolfhaldenMap of pagans
About this picture
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Heiden is a municipality in the foothills of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland .

geography

Heiden is located in the Appenzeller Vorderland . Politically, it belongs to the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. The village is nestled between Kaien , Bischofsberg and Freudenberg, around 400 meters above Lake Constance at 790 meters. The Gstaldenbach , the village stream, rises at Kaien, flows through the village and forms below it a deep ravine . The lowest point of the community is at 470 meters near the Engi am Gstaldenbach, the highest point above the Risi at 1030 meters. The area of ​​the municipality of Heiden is 748 ha.

history

Pagans around 1900
Historical aerial photo from 300 m by Walter Mittelholzer from 1922
Henry Dunant monument by the sculptor Charlotte Germann-Jahn , in the background Lake Constance

The area of ​​the later community Heiden was part of the community Kurzenberg ("the Kurzenberg"). According to Thal SG, the Kurzenberg was - according to its original political affiliation - ecclesiastical. In 1652 Heiden and Wolfhalden broke away from the mother church in Thal because of the long church path and built their own houses of worship. So Heiden became an independent community.

The first documented mentions of the name Heiden - Heiden derived from Heide ( undeveloped land ) - appeared in 1512, 1536 and 1540. The area of ​​today's municipality of Heiden was made arable in the 14th and 15th centuries.

On September 7, 1838, a village fire , favored by a violent foehn storm , destroyed 129 buildings including the church in the village center and the northern parts of the community. The village was rebuilt within two years, in a regular classical-Biedermeier layout.

From 1848 Heiden developed into a whey health resort . The work of the ophthalmologist Albrecht von Graefe and the neurologist Heinrich Frenkel made Heiden one of the most famous health resorts in Europe after 1860 . Karl I , the last Emperor of Austria, and the German Emperor Friedrich III. were among the guests. The heyday of the health resort ended with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, Heiden has experienced a renaissance as a health resort and holiday resort. The opening of a new Kursaal in 1957 also contributed to this .

From 1850, mail connections were opened on the developed roads. The first line led via Grub to St. Gallen . Further connections were made to Rheineck , Trogen , Oberegg and the Rhine Valley . From 1906 the post bus replaced the horse-drawn carriages. In 1875 the Rorschach-Heiden-Bergbahn (RHB), the only rack railway on Lake Constance , connected Heiden to the Swiss rail network in Rorschach .

In 1874, the district hospital in the fore region, today's Cantonal Hospital Heiden, began operations. Henry Dunant , the founder of the Red Cross , spent the last 23 years of his life here from 1887 to 1910.

In 1902 the first Catholic church was built in Heiden, which gave way to a new building in 1963. In 1936 the Protestant church fell victim to another fire. During the reconstruction, the classicist exterior was retained, while the interior of the church was transformed from a transverse to a longitudinal church.

population

Population development
year Residents
1980 3620
2000 4063
2010 3990
2015 4184

economy

The widespread grass and dairy farming was joined early on by viticulture in the lower part of the municipality, but this has now disappeared again. Grain was also grown in the municipality in the past. The textile industry flourished. Weaving and embroidery goods, first made of linen, then cotton and silk, were made. The tradition of silk weaving has been preserved in a large industrial company to this day.

Tourism has developed strongly since the village fire in 1838 and is still an important employer in the region today. Heiden was and is known for its whey cures. Until 1974 the spa guests stayed in the famous Hotel Freihof on Poststrasse, from then on in the newly built Kurhotel Heiden (today Hotel Heiden), where the whey cure is still offered today.

traffic

RHB shortly before the terminal station in Heiden. Railcar, bicycle car and three "summer cars"

With the Rorschach-Heiden mountain railway, Heiden has a connection to the SBB network in Rorschach and via two different PostBus lines to St. Gallen , and there are also PostBus connections with many of the surrounding communities of Rheineck , Walzenhausen , St. Margrethen , Heerbrugg , Altstätten , Troughs and forest .

Culture and tourism

Because of its classicistic town center, Heiden markets itself as a "Biedermeier village".

The Heiden Festival for New Folk Music has been taking place at the end of May since 2016 .

Attractions

sport and freetime

Heiden is a center for sports in the Appenzeller Vorderland. There are clubs in the field of soccer, handball, floorball, tennis, young shooters and volleyball.

Particularly noteworthy are the recent successes of the first men's team of the handball club BSG Vorderland, which has played in the first division since 2016.

There is also the Heiden swimming pool, built in 1932 as the most modern swimming pool in Switzerland at the time.

photos

  • Reformed Church, Gentiles

  • House harmony

  • Church square in Heiden with town hall

Personalities

literature

  • Eugen Steinmann: The art monuments of the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Volume 3: The district of Vorderland. (Die Kunstdenkmäler der Schweiz, Volume 72.) Birkhäuser AG, Basel 1981, ISBN 3-7643-1251-3 , pp. 151-218.

Web links

Commons : Heiden AR  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ^ Georg Frey, Moritz Flury-Rova: The swimming and sun bathing Heiden. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 785, Series 79). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2005, ISBN 978-3-85782-785-3 .
  3. ^ Arthur Oehler, Jürg Zürcher, Ueli Lindt: The Kursaal in Heiden. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 883, Series 89). Ed.  Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2011, ISBN 978-3-85782-883-6 .