Heiligkreuz (Pleystein)
The Roman Catholic pilgrimage church Heiligkreuz , also known as Kreuzbergkirche , is located on the so-called Kreuzberg in the Upper Palatinate town of Pleystein and belongs to the "Parish Pleystein".
history
Pilgrimage to the Kreuzberg
In 1746, the master carpenter Frank restored a cross that he had found in the attic of the parish church. Then he attached it to a tree near the wasteland of Hohenberg and also set up an offering box. Miracles should have occurred with the crucifix , which was set up in the forest about half an hour from the Pleystein parish church; believers came there to pray since 1746. The offering box set up in Hohenberg in 1776 has been on the Kreuzberg since 1839.
In the course of time, whole groups of pilgrims came and the sacrifice money reached almost 900 fl . The wish of the faithful to build a chapel here was rejected by the diocese of Regensburg and Bishop Anton Ignaz von Fugger-Glött ordered the cross to be brought to the parish church, which also happened on April 24, 1780. Now the first processions began; Most of the pilgrims came from the northern Upper Palatinate and Bohemia . The pilgrimages suffered a setback during the Enlightenment , they were called "superstition and religious nonsense" and finally banned by the government in Amberg. In 1814 the pilgrimages were as good as finished, but with the consecration of the Kreuzbergkirche in the same year they took off again. In addition to money, flax was also donated, including so-called "trailer money ", i.e. silver coins, marriage and earrings, which were then sold. It was also a custom among farmers to donate the first butter for the Eternal Light on Kreuzberg after successful calving . Many votive pictures were donated as thanks for a healing; these were all destroyed in the church fire of 1901. The pilgrimages are also taking place in the present and for some people from Upper Palatinate, “a year without a pilgrimage to Pleystein is a lost year for many of them”.
Construction of the first pilgrimage church
The Pleystein Castle had been located on the Kreuzberg since the 13th century and was demolished in the 17th century due to its dilapidation. In 1814 the cooperator Max Schüller had the dream that he would carry a cross to the Schlossberg; The owner of the Finkenhammer , Johann Adam Wittmann, also had the same dream and donated money to build a chapel on the Schlossberg. In 1814 the mayor Andreas Walbrunn bought the castle hill for the city of Pleystein from the Bavarian state for 22 fl for the building of a church, the mountain has been called "Kreuzberg" ever since. On June 1, 1814, the foundation stone for the first Kreuzbergkirche was laid and construction began with a great deal of effort; as there was no road leading up to the mountain, all building materials had to be carried up. In the religious exuberance one had forgotten to obtain a permit for the construction and so it was inevitable that the royal district court Vohenstrauß banned all construction work on September 15, 1814 and demolition of the building was considered. After a correspondence in which the pastor Joseph Mayer referred to the pilgrimage in Pleystein and to the voluntary services of the citizens for the church building, the subsequent building permit for the church building and the construction of a cross was granted on August 1st, 1815 by the district judge Haunold . With the approval of the Episcopal Ordinariate of Regensburg was Bishop Karl Theodor von Dalberg approval for the dedication of the Church left by the parish priest and on 13 September 1814, the church was the parish priest benediziert .
On September 18, 1814, the miraculous crucifix was translocated to the Kreuzberg, with Pastor Johann Baptist Kastner von Miesbrunn himself carrying the cross from the parish church to the mountain. It was set up at the high altar. A perfect indulgence was granted to the Church by Pope Pius VII for seven years after the Church was consecrated. On May 9, 1841, took place the consecration of the church by Bishop Boniface Kaspar Urban .
Since the church - one should rather speak of a larger chapel - could not contain the number of believers at the church festivals, the plan came up in 1847 to extend the church by six meters, and instead of the wooden ridge turret, a new church tower with one pointed pyramid roof can be erected. On May 26th, 1847 the excavation began and the next day the foundation stone for the renewed church was laid by the parish priest Cölestin Greger. The sandstone church tower was built over the entrance portal. A clock supplied by Mannhart from Munich was also attached to it.
History of today's Kreuzbergkirche
On July 10, 1901, the great city fire broke out in Pleystein, which also affected the Kreuzbergkirche and destroyed it with all its interior furnishings. In the same year the citizens made the decision to rebuild the church in a larger form and in the baroque style . The new church tower was to be placed on the north side and the sacristy was to be significantly enlarged. The plans for the church were drawn up by the company Joseph Koch and Heinrich Hauberrisser . A new church tower clock was donated by the Pleystein volunteer fire department; this was made by Eduard Strobl from Regensburg. On May 16, 1908, the church was consecrated by Bishop Anton von Henle .
A replica of the pilgrimage cross was made by Tobias Weiß from Nuremberg ; It was donated by Princess de la Pac and her husband, Prince Ludwig Ferdinand . It was carried to the Kreuzberg on September 19, 1901; It was consecrated on July 24, 1902 in Regensburg Cathedral. In 1955, Father Bartholomäus Lunz had a silk carpet made as a background for the cross by the Munich artist Roland Friedrich. It depicts the glorification of the cross through angels, sun, moon and stars. In 1929 a Lourdes grotto was donated by the church by Josef Kam, a Pleysteiner who emigrated to Buffalo. The figure was made from Carrara marble by Hans Loibl .
The damaged church tower had to be dismantled to the foundations in 1970 and rebuilt in 1971. During the exterior renovation, the color of the church was also made uniform with offset pilaster strips .
Interior design
The first high altar was from after the secularization profaned Nikolai church in Nabburg bought and by the painter Thaddeus Rabusky of Neustadt an der Waldnaab newly adopted ; the old pilgrimage cross was integrated into it. The two pictures on both sides of the altar came from him. The pulpit also came from the Nikolaikirche and was redesigned by the sculptor and painter Trautmann from Tirschenreuth . The two side altars, dedicated to St. Aloisius and the Virgin Mary were consecrated by the carpenter Joseph Lochmüller, and an organ was bought from Amberg. Burned in the city fire of 1901, the interior is complete.
The interior fittings for the newly built church come from the sculptor Hans Loibl von Stadtamhof ; in 1907 he also supplied the stations of the cross. For the time being, no paintings were made during the construction due to lack of funds, but areas with stucco frames were intended for later painting. In 1931, under Father Marcus Amann, the painter G. Lauterbacher from Regensburg was commissioned. The sacrifice of Isaac is shown in the choir , the prophet Jeremiah is on the right and Isaiah on the left . The ceiling painting depicts the Last Judgment . In addition, the finding of the cross and healing of the sick by touching the cross are shown in the nave . Scenes from the Old Testament are shown in ten other cartouches .
organ
An organ from Martin Binder und Sohn was purchased for the new church on Kreuzberg . This has 11 registers , 2 manuals and a pedal .
Bells
The bells of the first church were cast in Regensburg in 1814, one of them cracked in 1888 and was replaced by a bell by Joseph Anton Spannagl . All of these bells melted in the church fire of 1901.
In 1902, the Johann Hahn bell foundry from Landshut was commissioned to deliver three bells. These could be saved from delivery in the First World War , but not in the Second World War . The three bells were removed for war purposes on June 11, 1942. After the end of the war, however, the big bell (bell tone G sharp, weight 500 kg, image of "Painful Mother of God") came back. The Otto bell foundry in Bremen supplied two more bells: one was tuned to the h tone, weighed 320 kg, image "Der Weltenrichter", inscription In Nomine Domini, Pleystein 1949 , the other, the "St. Augustin bell ”shows the inscription St. Augustinus ora pro nobis, Pleystein 1949 and is tuned to the tone d. On November 13, 1949, the bells were consecrated by pastor Wittmann.
After the church tower was rebuilt in 1971, care was taken to adapt the bell to that of the parish church . d. H. new bells had to be procured , this time from the Rudolf Perner bell foundry in Passau. Now the church has four bells: these are the bells Holy Cross , Our Lady, Francis de Sales and St. Josef , the latter is the death bell . On September 19, 1971, the consecration of Cathedral Chapter Stauffer was carried out.
Construction
Today's church on the Kreuzberg is a hall church with a pitched roof and a semicircular closed choir . The church tower stands on the north side and is closed with a bell dome. The tower height is 20 m. The complex was supposed to be built in the Romanesque style, but was built in the neo-baroque style. In front of the church is a step system with granite steps and a parapet wall made of rubble stones with cover plates.
literature
- Barnabas Fuhl: Pleystein and his Kreuzberg. Oefele, Ottobeuren 1967.
- Siegfried Poblotzki : Pleystein, his Kreuzberg and the parish church. Oefele, Ottobeuren 1990.
- Siegfried Poblotzki: 175 years of Kreuzberg-Kirche Pleystein: texts and documents on the history of the pilgrimage church and the monastery on the Kreuzberg; 1814-1989. Verlag Pfarrei Pleystein, Pleystein 1989.
- Siegfried Poblotzki: History of the rule, the city and the parish Pleystein. Verlag Stadt Pleystein, Pleystein 1980.
- Georg Schmidbauer: Sacred buildings in the city of Pleystein after the great city fire of 1901 by the architect Heinrich Hauberrisser. Waldthurn 2016.
- Catholic Church Foundation Pleystein (Ed.): City and Parish Pleystein: Pictures of a small town in the Upper Palatinate Forest. Catholic Church Foundation, Pleystein 1995.
Web links
- Kreuzbergkirche on the parish of Pleystein. Parish website, accessed February 28, 2020.
- Pleystein on Laumer aerial photo , accessed on February 27, 2020.
- Kreuzberg and Pilgrimage Church on the homepage of the city of Pleystein, accessed on February 28, 2020.
- Stadt Pleystein 2016 on Youtube from August 2, 2016, accessed on February 28, 2020.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homepage of the parish Pleystein , accessed on February 28, 2020.
- ↑ Oblate Pilgrimage Bavaria 2019 , accessed on February 29, 2020.
- ↑ Keuzberg and Sanctuary. Website of the municipality of Pleystein, accessed on March 1, 2020.
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto Glocken - family and company history of the bell foundry dynasty Otto, self-published, Essen 2019, 588 pages, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , here p. 546.
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen. Nijmegen 2019, 556 pages, Diss.Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770, here p. 503.
Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 46.3 " N , 12 ° 24 ′ 41.6" E