Heino Heinrich von Flemming

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Heino Heinrich von Flemming

Count Heino Heinrich von Flemming (* May 8, 1632 in Martenthin , Pomerania ; † March 1, 1706 at Buckow Castle in the Lebus district ) was a German military leader, field marshal and governor of Berlin . He went down in history as one of the great conquerors of the Turks .

Live and act

Heino (mostly contemporary: Heyno) Heinrich von Flemming came from the old Pomeranian, castle-sat, originally probably immigrated from Flanders family Flemming . He was the third son of the Pomeranian country marshal and governor of Belgard , Jakob von Flemming and Barbara von Pfuel . After training in France and the Netherlands, there with Wilhelm von Oranien and Admiral Michiel de Ruyter , he joined the Brandenburg Guard on foot in 1657 . In 1658 he moved to the imperial regiment von Sporck , which was used in Holstein during the war with Sweden . In 1660 Flemming returned to the Brandenburg Guard as a captain . In 1672, Elector Friedrich Wilhelm gave Colonel Flemming command of the von Flemming regiment , which he sent as an auxiliary force to the Polish King Michael of Poland in the war with Turkey .

Battle of the Kahlenberg 1683: The relief army invades the Ottoman positions

Flemming received many offers for a change of service because of his cleverness and cold-blooded bravery. He joined in 1676 as a major general in Brunswick and 1680 as Field Marshal Lieutenant in the Electorate of Saxony services over. In 1683, at the head of the Saxon auxiliary troops, he contributed a lot to the failure of the Turkish siege of Vienna : At the head of the Saxons and some auxiliary troops, he stormed the center and key of the Turkish positions in the Battle of Kahlenberg and was the first to penetrate the main camp of the Turks a.

On February 15, 1684, he was given command of the Saxon troops, and after the death of Field Marshal Baron Joachim Rüdiger von der Goltz , on September 8, 1688, he was appointed Field Marshal General. In this and the following year he commanded under Elector Johann Georg III. the Saxon troops on the Rhine against the French, but was exposed to multiple personal insults here. The imperial Habsburg generals accused him of bribery.

In 1690 Flemming switched from the Saxon service to the Brandenburg service. Elector Friedrich III. appointed him Council of State and War Council . On April 16, 1691, after the involuntary departure of Lieutenant General Hans Adam von Schöning from the Brandenburg Army in January 1691, the Elector promoted him to Field Marshal General and Commander of Brandenburg's Troops on the Rhine, to Governor of Berlin and, as before Schöning, to the commander of his bodyguard .

After he was granted leave in 1698 for health reasons with an annual income of 8,000 thalers, he appointed Flemming governor of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Cammin. In addition, since 1678 he was the beneficiary of the Commandery Schivelbein . As early as 1688 he was enfeoffed with the goods around Buckow , which had previously belonged to the family of his wife Dorothea Elisabeth von Pfuel . In addition, in 1699 he received the Helfta monastery, which had previously also been Pfuel's monastery, and in Saxony Hermsdorf Castle and the Hohenhaus manor near Radebeul. In 1700 the emperor elevated him to the rank of imperial count , a dignity that he had initially refused after the battle of the Kahlenberg.

Heino Heinrich von Flemming was considered a humble man despite his fame. He initiated the military and political ascent of his family in Saxony and Brandenburg-Prussia by drawing his sons and nephews into services there, where his son Johann Georg and the nephews Joachim Friedrich , Bogislaw Bodo and Jakob Heinrich rose to become generals, the latter as Most important of all to Field Marshal General and Minister Augustus the Strong. Jakob Heinrich in turn (his three sons and the four sons of his brothers all died young) pulled the sons of a cousin, Georg Detlev and Karl Georg Friedrich, into the Saxon-Polish service, where they also became generals and ministers.

Buckow Castle , built in 1663, with a later facade by Schinkel around 1802, demolished in 1948

Heino Heinrich von Flemming spent the last years of his life in seclusion at Buckow Castle, built in 1663, which his wife had inherited in 1673 from her father Georg Adam von Pfuhl . There, in 1701, his letter partner Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz visited him for decades . Buckow Castle, which was later converted by Schinkel , was owned by the Flemming family until it was expropriated in 1945. It burned out in the spring of 1945 and the ruins were removed in 1948.

In 1909, Flemminggasse in Vienna- Döbling (19th district) was named after Heino Heinrich.

family

He was married several times. His first wife was Barbara Gottliebe von Klitzing's daughter of Gottlieb von Klitzing in 1663 . The couple had a daughter:

After her death in 1667 he married the Countess Agnes Dorothea von Schwerin (born June 13, 1653; † February 22, 1673) daughter of Philipp Julius von Schwerin (born February 18, 1617; † June 28, 1685). Then in 1674 he married Dorothea Elisabeth von Pfuel († 1740) the only daughter of General von Pfuel. The couple had four sons and two daughters, including:

  • Johann Georg (1679–1747), Lieutenant General ∞ Sigrid Katharina Countess Bielke (1681–1765)
  • Adam Friedrich (1687–1744) on Hermsdorf ∞ Katharina von Ahlefeld (1690–1721)
  • Henriette Dorothea Helene († June 4, 1706) ∞ Friedrich Wilhelm von Sparr (* February 12, 1657; † November 9, 1729)
  • Sophia Eva Charlotte (born January 18, 1684, † 1743)
∞ Lebrecht von dem Bussche (1666–1715) Prussian colonel, later Russian major general
∞ around 1737 Friedrich Wilhelm von Schack zu Radibor / Oberlausitz

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anton Balthasar König: Biographical lexicon of all heroes and military persons: T. AF . A. Wever, 1788, p. 425.
  2. ↑ Hans-Ulrich Engel, Hans-Joachim Schlott-Kotschote, (Ed.): Directory of the churches and mansions of the former province of Brandenburg and Berlin that are important from the point of view of monument preservation, as of April 1, 1958 . In this: Fontane then and now . Publishing house for international cultural exchange, Berlin-Zehlendorf 1958, p. 240.
  3. ^ Karl Sahrer von Sahr: Heinrich des HRR Graf von Bünau from the Seusslitz house , p. 99, ( digitized version )
personal data
SURNAME Flemming, Heino Heinrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German military leader, field marshal and governor of Berlin
DATE OF BIRTH May 8, 1632
PLACE OF BIRTH Martenthin , Pomerania
DATE OF DEATH March 1, 1706
Place of death Lebus district