Ipswich, Massachusetts

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Ipswich
Nickname : Birthplace of American Independence
Riverfront at Ipswich, MA.jpg
Location in Massachusetts
Ipswich, Massachusetts
Ipswich
Ipswich
Basic data
Foundation : 1634
State : United States
State : Massachusetts
County : Essex County
Coordinates : 42 ° 41 ′  N , 70 ° 51 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 41 ′  N , 70 ° 51 ′  W
Time zone : Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 )
Residents : 13,175 (as of 2010)
Population density : 158.4 inhabitants per km 2
Area : 110.1 km 2  (approx. 43 mi 2 ) of
which 83.2 km 2  (approx. 32 mi 2 ) is land
Height : 15 m
Postal code : 01938
FIPS : 25-32310
GNIS ID : 0619448
Website : www.town.ipswich.ma.us

Ipswich is a city on the New England coast in Essex County in the state of Massachusetts in the United States . In 2010, 13,175 people lived there. The urban area includes the southern part of Plum Island and nature reserves such as the Sandy Point State Reservation or Crane Beach . Ipswich is very popular with tourists and is especially known for the sand gape clams on offer there , which are celebrated with the annual Chowder Festival.

geography

Geographical location

View from Castle Hill

Ipswich is 11 mi (17.7 km) south of Newburyport , 12 mi (19.3 km) northwest of Gloucester , 13 mi (20.9 km) north of Salem , 20 mi (32.2 km) east of Lawrence and 28 mi (45.1 km) northeast of Boston .

geology

The urban area is drained via the Ipswich River and the Plum Island Sound, which flow into Ipswich Bay and thus into the Atlantic at the foot of Castle Hill in the area of ​​the Sandy Point State Reservation .

Expansion of the urban area

The city's coastline runs south of Plum Island Sound along Castle Neck and also includes the southern portion of Plum Island. The northeast of the city consists of marshland, as the Rowley , Roger Island and Eagle Hill rivers flow into the Sound there. South of Castle Neck, the Castle Neck River separates the urban area from neighboring Essex.

Neighboring communities

Ipswich is bordered to the north by Rowley , to the west by Boxford and to the south by Topsfield , Hamilton , Essex and Gloucester, with the border line to Gloucester running within Essex Bay and therefore no land border.

history

The John Whipple House
The Ipswich Public Library
Ipswich Town Hall

Ipswich was founded by John Winthrop the Younger , son of the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Several hundred colonists sailed from England to the New World in 1630 with a fleet of 11 ships. While exploring the region around today's Salem and Cape Ann , they met the Sachem Chief Masconomet on June 12, 1630 , who described his country as Wonnesquamsauke . The English shortened this word to Agawam and used it to describe the country and the Indian people they met. However, the colonists sailed further south to already prepared buildings in what is now Charlestown .

In the first winter, many colonists died of malnutrition and disease; In addition, some buildings were lost in fires because the fires had to burn day and night during a Nor'easter . When supplies threatened to run out, the next supply ship reached the colony in Boston with the Lyon , so that Winthrop could bring his family from England, who reached the colony in November - again on board the Lyon .

In 1633, John Winthrop the Younger decided to settle Agawam with the permission of the Massachusetts General Court . As early as 1614, John Smith had stated in a report that this region offers "excellent living conditions as well as a good and safe haven". There is no record of indigenous resistance, although it is estimated that several thousand of them lived around Charlestown and Agawam. However, due to infectious diseases that were introduced and possibly a smallpox epidemic at the beginning of the 1630s, the Indians were severely decimated and fields were uncultivated, so that the colonists only met a few Indians.

John Winthrop sailed with 12 other men on a houseboat to the coast of Agawam and built a house there. Two of his men continued upstream to a large open area and settled there - in what is now Topsfield. The settlement in Agawam was founded on August 5, 1634 as Ipswich, which was named after the city ​​of the same name in England . Nathaniel Ward, deputy pastor of the city from 1634 to 1636, wrote the first codification for the colony.

The pioneers worked as farmers , fishermen , shipbuilders and traders. The Ipswich River , which rises and falls with the tides , provided hydropower for mills, while the salt marshes were used to harvest hay for livestock . In addition, the manufacture of lace in home work developed . Because of its role during the American Revolution , the city describes itself as the " Birthplace of American Independence " (German: "Birthplace of American Independence").

Since Ipswich did not have a deep-water port , the great nineteenth-century clippers ended up in Salem , Newburyport , Quincy and Boston instead , so that Ipswich could not get beyond an agricultural settlement without profitable overseas trade. Since the residents had no money for renovations or even new buildings, many buildings from the early days have been preserved to this day. In 1822, despite an export ban, a machine smuggled out of England for the production of nylon stockings came to Ipswich and thus established the further development of a production site that housed the largest stocking factory in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century.

In 1828, Ipswich Female Seminary, the city's first girls' school, was founded. The last witch trial in North America took place in Ipswich in 1878 and went down in history as the Ipswich Witchcraft Trial .

In 1910, the Chicago- based factory owner Richard T. Crane, Jr. bought a drumlin on the city's bay and built his Castle Hill estate there , which he commissioned the Olmsted Brothers to build. Since his wife did not like the first building, it was replaced by a new building in 1928. It has been owned by the Trustees of Reservations since 1949 .

Population development

Population development
Census Residents ± in%
1850 3349 -
1860 3300 -1.5%
1870 3720 12.7%
1880 3699 -0.6%
1890 4439 20%
1900 4658 4.9%
1910 5777 24%
1920 6201 7.3%
1930 5599 -9.7%
1940 6348 13.4%
1950 6895 8.6%
1960 8544 23.9%
1970 10,750 25.8%
1980 11,158 3.8%
1990 11,873 6.4%
2000 12,987 9.4%
2010 13,175 1.4%
Ten-Year US Census

Based on the 2000 census , Ipswich had 12,987 residents across 5,290 households and 3,459 families. The population density was 398.6 people per square mile or 153.9 people per square kilometer. There were 5601 housing units at a density of 171.9 units per square mile (66.4 units per square kilometer).

The city's population was made up as follows: 97.6% White , 0.39% African American , 0.08% Indigenous American , 0.8% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.33% other races, and 0 , 79% two or more races . Hispanics and Latinos made up 1.04% of the population.

30.1% of households had children under the age of 18, 54.0% were married couples, 8.4% of households were led by single women and 34.6% of households were not classified as families. Singles lived in 28.3% of households, 11.7% were single seniors over 65 years of age. The average household size was 2.42 people and the average family size was 3.0 people. The median age was 42 years.

The median household income was 57,284 US dollars , the median family income 74,931 US dollars. Males had a median income of $ 51,408 versus $ 38,476 for women. The city's per capita income was $ 32,516. 4.1% of families and 7.1% of the urban population lived below the poverty line , with 7.8% under the age of 18 and 13.0% over 65 years of age.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Parks and protected areas

The Willowdale State Forest takes up most of the western urban area . Other parts of the city are also under protection, including the areas of Crane Wildlife Refuge , Crane Beach , Parker River National Wildlife Refuge , Sandy Point State Reservation , Hamlin Reservation , Heartbreak Hill Reservation, Bull Brook Reservoir, Greenwood Farm, and part of Appleton Farms .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

To the west, US Highway 1 - also known as the Newburyport Turnpike - runs through Ipswich. The city has no access to an interstate highway ; the closest Interstate 95 can only be reached from the neighboring towns of Boxford and Topsfield . In the Ipswich metropolitan area, there is a connection to Massachusetts Route 1A towards Hamilton and Beverly and Route 133 towards Essex and Gloucester .

The trains of the MBTA Commuter Rail stop at the city railway station and connecting you to Newburyport and the Boston North Station . The nearest smaller airports are in Newbury and Beverly; the closest international airport is Logan International Airport in Boston . The Cape Ann Transportation Authority also offers a weekend shuttle service from the city train station to Crane Beach , Essex and Appleton Farms during the summer months .

education

Ipswich has two elementary schools , one middle and one high school , which are part of the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program , which is based on the No Child Left Behind Act . The middle and high schools are known for their good music education, which includes choirs, bands of various styles and various orchestras .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

See also

literature

  • Joseph Barlow Felt: History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton . 1834, OCLC 920628105 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Thomas Franklin Waters, Sarah Goodhue, John Wise: Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Ed .: Ipswich Historical Society. tape II . Ipswich Historical Society, Ipswich, Massachusetts 1917, OCLC 258579286 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Isaac Appleton Jewett: Memorial of Samuel Appleton of Ipswich, Massachusetts . with genealogical notices of some of his descendants. Boston 1850, OCLC 3097852 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Ipswich town, Essex County, Massachusetts. US Census Bureau, American Factfinder, accessed September 4, 2012 .
  2. ^ D. Hamilton Hurd: History of Essex County, Massachusetts. With biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men . tape II . JW Lewis, Philadelphia 1888, OCLC 11670639 , p. 1155 .
  3. ^ Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Massachusetts General Court: Records of the governor and company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England . tape I . AMS Press, New York 1968, OCLC 366521379 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  4. ^ David M. Gross: 99 Tactics of Successful Tax Resistance Campaigns . Picket Line Press, San Luis Obispo, California 2014, ISBN 978-1-4905-7274-1 , pp. 78 .
  5. ^ Joseph Jastrow: The Psychology of Conviction . In: Fleta Campbell Springer (Ed.): According to the Flesh: A Biography of Mary Baker Eddy . Coward-McCann, Inc., New York 1930, OCLC 1514736 , p. 238-240 .
  6. ↑ Stephen M. Salny: The Country Houses of David Adler . WW Norton & Co., New York 2001, ISBN 0-393-73045-X , pp. 63-71 .

Web links

Commons : Ipswich, Massachusetts  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files