Israeli film

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The history of film in Israel begins with the first film screenings in the area of Palestine in 1900. Zionist films were made from 1911 and after the establishment of the state in 1948 a national film industry developed.

Israeli films often reflect typical Israeli issues and social developments. The majority of the films are produced in Hebrew, but many are also in English, Arabic and other languages. Israel has been nominated for an Oscar for best foreign language film more than any other country in the Middle East.

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history

Before the founding of the state

One of the first film recordings in the area of ​​today's Israel was shot around 1896 for the Lumière brothers in what was then the Ottoman Empire . The one-minute film Départ de Jérusalem en chemin de fer shows the departure of a train from the Jerusalem train station. In 1900 an article by Hemda Ben-Jehuda, Eliezer Ben- Yehuda's wife, appeared in the newspaper "Hatzvi" . In it she describes how a traveling projectionist from Italy traveled through Palestine and showed the audience various films he had brought with him. In 1908, Jewish Egyptians opened the first cinema in Palestine, the Oracle in Jerusalem, and other cinemas followed.

In 1911 the Briton Murray Rosenberg produced the Zionist film "The First Film of Palestine" in Palestine, which premiered at the 10th Zionist Congress and was then shown all over the world to a Jewish audience. As a result, other films were made on behalf of various Zionist organizations that portrayed historical sites and settlements of the yishuv .

In the 1930s, film in Palestine was heavily influenced by the socialist wing of Zionism. Many films called for people to abandon urban life and exchange it for agricultural life in the kibbutz . Important filmmakers of this time were Baruch Agadati or Nathan Axelrod , immigrants from the Soviet Union . In the forties, under the impression of the Second World War and the Holocaust , these films focused on the establishment of the necessity of a Jewish state as protection against persecution.

After the founding of the state

The First Arab-Israeli War , the founding of the state in 1948 and the massive immigration that followed were central themes in Israeli films of the late forties and fifties. One of the most famous films from this period became "Giv'a 24 Eina Ona" by Thorold Dickinson from 1955, which shows the heroic fight of four soldiers during the First Arab-Israeli War.

These issues were mainly viewed from the point of view of state ideology, and it was not until the 1960s that Israeli cultural workers began to break away from the government. This also brought about films that dealt with class differences in Israeli society, especially between Jewish Israelis of different origins. Such films were also called Bourekas films. Important representatives of this new popular entertainment cinema, which for the first time portrayed everyday life, were Menahem Golan and Ephraim Kishon .

The film Sallah, shot in 1964 , or: Swap Daughter for Apartment, was the first Israeli production to be nominated for an Oscar for best foreign language film. The film was directed by Ephraim Kishon, based on one of his own books, and the film was produced by Menahem Golan.

Menahem Golan and Yoram Globus , cousins, first worked together on the production of the 1963 film El Dorado . Golan acted as director and screenwriter, Globus took on the role of producer. This first collaboration marked the beginning of a decades-long collaboration between the two. Until 1979 they worked exclusively in Israel itself. With their participation u. a. with popsicle is the first part of the film series of the same name, which is also internationally successful. The director was Boaz Davidson , who was also born in Israel and who initially worked as a director and screenwriter, and then as a successful film producer in the international film business. In the first four parts of the Eis am Stile film series, Davidson processed experiences from his own youth.

As the first and so far only Israeli director, Moshé Mizrahi won an Oscar in 1978 . His film Madame Rosa received an award in the category Best Foreign Language Film.

The Federal Republic of Germany and Israel signed a joint film agreement in 1971.

In 1979 Globus and Golan took over Cannon Films and relocated to the United States of America. With this step, the two of them expanded their film production internationally and, in addition to numerous B-films, also produced high-quality productions. Action films in particular formed the focus and film series such as American Fighter , Missing in Action were created . In the late 1980s the company ran into financial difficulties and was eventually sold. The ways of Globus and Golan parted, both returned to Israel. Both are still in the film business.

The brothers Danny Lerner and Avi Lerner are another example of Israeli international film producers. Like Globus and Golan, the two gained their first experience in the film business in Israel, sometimes only indirectly as managers of a cinema. Under her aegis, action films with well-known actors such as Jean-Claude van Damme and Steven Seagal are mainly made .

Film festival

The Jerusalem Film Festival is an international film festival that takes place annually in July in Jerusalem . It is primarily dedicated to the Israeli film scene and has been taking place since 1984.

Israeli film award

The Israeli Film Prize Ophir Award was first established in 1982 and has been awarded annually since 1990 by the Israel Academy for Film and Television for the outstanding work of the Israeli film industry. The award is named after the Israeli actor Shaike Ophir .

International film awards

Israeli films have won the following international film awards:

Important films

year Original title German title International title Director
1964 Sallah Shabati Sallah - or: swap daughter for an apartment Not known Ephraim Kishon
1967 Ervinka Ervinka Ervinka Ephraim Kishon
1969 Te'alat blue milk The blue milk channel Not known Ephraim Kishon
1970 Ha-Shoter Azulai Sleep well, sergeant! Not known Ephraim Kishon
1978 Eskimo Limon Popsicle Eskimo Limon Boaz Davidson
1991 Me'ever Layam Over the ocean Beyond the sea Jacob Goldwasser
1992 Ha-Chayim Al-Pi Agfa Life According to Agfa - Night Photography Life According to Agfa Assi Dayan
1993 Lahav Hatzui Three weeks in Jerusalem Double edge Amos Kollek
1995 Get Ahava B'Shikun Gimel not known Lovesick on Nana Street Savi Gavison
1996 Clara Hakedosha Saint Clara Saint Clara Ari Folman and Ori Sivan
1998 Kirkas Palestine Palestine circus Circus Palestine Eyal Halfon
1999 Ha-Chaverim Shel Yana Yana's friends Yana's Friends Arik Kaplun
2001 Asurot Locked in Detained Anat Even , Ada Ushpiz
2001 Hatuna Meuheret Reluctant wedding Late marriage Dover Koshashvili
2002 Yossi & Jagger Yossi & Jagger Yossi & Jagger Eytan Fox
2002 Knafayim Shvurot Broken Wings Broken Wings Nir Bergman
2004 Lalechet al haMajim Walk on water Walk on water Eytan Fox
2004 Ha-Kala Ha-Surit The Syrian bride The Syrian Bride Eran Riklis
2005 Eize Makom Nifla Welcome to Israel What a wonderful place Eyal Halfon
2005 Nekam agate Mishtey Eynay Avenge But One of My Two Eyes Avenge but one of my two eyes Avi Mograbi
2005 Free Zone Free Zone Free Zone Amos Gitai
2006 Adama Meshuga'at Sweet Mud - Trapped in Heaven Sweet mud Dror Shaul
2006 Moadon beit hakvarot The Cemetery Club The Cemetery Club Tali Shemesh
2006 ... More Than 1000 Words So close to hell ... ... More Than 1000 Words Solo Avital
2007 Bikur Ha-Tizmoret The band next door The Band's Visit Eran Kolirin
2007 Beaufort Beaufort Beaufort Joseph Cedar
2008 Vals In Bashir Waltz with Bashir Waltz with Bashir Ari Folman
2008 Lemon tree Lemon tree Lemon tree Eran Riklis
2009 Ajami Ajami Ajami Scandar Copti + Yaron Shani
2010 Shliḥuto shel Ha'Memuneh al Mash'abey Enosh The HR manager's journey The Human Resources Manager Eran Riklis
2011 Hearat Shulayim Hearat Shulayim Footnote Joseph Cedar
2014 Get - Ha'mishpat shel Vivian Amsalem Get - The process of Viviane Amsalem Get: The Trial of Viviane Amsalem Ronit Elkabetz and Shlomi Elkabetz
2015 Baba Joon Baba Joon Baba Joon Yuval Delshad
2016 Sufat Chol Sufat Chol Sandstorm Elite Zexer
2017 Foxtrot Foxtrot Foxtrot Samuel Maoz
2018 The Cakemaker The confectioner from Berlin The Cakemaker Ofir Raul Graizer
2019 Synonymes Synonymes Synonymes Avi Nesher

Documentary about Israeli cinema

literature

  • Amy Kronish, World cinema: Israel , Trowbridge, Wiltshire: Flicks Books [etc.], 1996
  • Amy Kronish and Costel Safirman, Israeli film: a reference guide , Westport, Conn. [etc.]: Praeger, 2003
  • Margot Klausner , The Dream Industry  : Memories and Facts  : 25 years of Israel Motion Picture Studios Herzliya Ltd.  : 1949–1974 , Tel Aviv, 1974.
  • Raberger, Ursula: Israeli queer film Zaglossus Verlag, Vienna 2015, 320 pp. ISBN 978-3-902902-28-3 .

exhibition

  • Under construction: Israeli cinema. A retrospective The Zeughauskino in the DHM shows the beginnings of cinema in and thus also in the State of Israel. Feature films and documentaries from the 50s to 70s. [1]

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Israeli filmmaker Moshe Mizrahi dies In: Israelnetz.de , August 6, 2018, accessed on August 9, 2018.
  2. ↑ Israeli filmmaker Moshe Mizrahi dies In: Israelnetz.de , August 6, 2018, accessed on August 9, 2018.
  3. ^ Prize-winning Israeli sitcom. In: Israelnetz .de. November 20, 2018, accessed December 2, 2018 .
  4. ↑ The Persian Buddenbrooks ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Jüdische Allgemeine .de, accessed on August 10, 2018. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.juedische-allgemeine.de
  5. ↑ Controversial film Foxtrot represents Israel at the Oscars In: Israelnetz.de , accessed on September 19, 2017.
  6. ↑ "The Cakemaker" named best Israeli film In: Israelnetz.de , September 7, 2018, accessed on September 14, 2018.
  7. ↑ cf. also Hans-Jörg Rother, “Awakening of Mankind. 'History of Israeli Films' by Raphael Nadjari ”in: FAZ, February 10, 2009, p. 32