Johann von Reck

Johann von Reck around 1726

Johann von Reck (born February 28, 1662 in Hanover , † June 18, 1737 in Regensburg ) German nobleman , was a councilor to the King of Great Britain and Elector of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , from 1716 Legation Councilor of the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg at the Reichstag in Regensburg and from 1725 until his death envoy of the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg there .

family

→ Main article : Reck (noble family)

Johann von Reck came from a Goslar patrician family . His grandfather was given imperial nobility in 1627 . Johann Reck and his brother Georg Eberhard Reck received from Emperor Karl VI. the right not expressly mentioned in the nobility letter to call oneself von Reck. The poorly well off family provided numerous officials , diplomats and clergy . Reck's parents were the Electoral Braunschweig-Lüneburg Court and Government Councilor Johannes Reck and his wife Emerentia Wiffels. Reck was married to Anna Maria Barthy from Ödenburg in his first marriage and to Maria Amalia von Wölckern from Nuremberg in his second marriage . His marriages resulted in a total of twelve children, ten of whom reached adulthood. The son of the first marriage, Johann Gustav von Reck, was also a diplomat at the Reichstag in Regensburg. He acquired a plot of land on the edge of the Fürst-Anselm-Allee , which was built after 1779 , in order to build a garden house there, a project that was not realized.

Career

Beginning of the diplomatic career

Reck was from 1688 as a secretary , then as a secretary at the Embassy of the Duchy of Brunswick-Luneburg (from 1698 Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg active) at the Imperial Diet in Regensburg. From 1709 he worked as the legation secretary of the electorate and soon after the appointment of Elector George I Ludwig to the British throne, he also served as councilor to the King of Great Britain.

Agent of the Corpus Evangelicorum

In 1720 the Corpus Evangelicorum sent Reck to the court of Elector Charles III as an agent with credit and instructions . Philip of the Palatinate . The Roman Catholic sovereign had restricted the rights of his Protestant subjects. Reck was now supposed to observe the restitution of the Protestants and report to Regensburg. Although the Palatinate state government advised him to leave the electorate, forbade him to contact the Protestants of the electorate and the electoral officials did not cooperate with him, he stayed in Heidelberg . With this mission the Corpus Evangelicorum had exceeded its competencies. Emperor Charles VI. regarded Reck's posting by the Corpus Evangelicorum as a tremendous presumption. The British King George I also saw this. The immediate recall of Reck was prevented by Rudolph Johann von Wrisberg , the capable envoy of the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg to the Reichstag. Wrisberg argued that the Palatinate Elector could have seen the Protestant countries give in in the retreat. In mid-1723 the Corpus Evangelicorum and Charles VI came to an agreement. after a tough diplomatic struggle for a compromise. The emperor was supposed to set up local commissions with a balanced mix of denominations to push through the removal of the Gravamina . In return, Reck should be withdrawn. In the same year he summarized in the pamphlet "Insufficientia paritionis Palatinae" that until then little had been achieved in favor of the Protestants. The establishment of the local commissions failed due to the unresolved financing issue, but the Corpus Evangelicorum called Reck from the Palatinate. In the following year he returned to Regensburg.

The diplomatic crisis was hotly discussed in the press because of its denominational background. The coverage made Reck known to the political class and resulted in his name being associated with diplomacy on denominational issues in the Reich, without having played an active role in solving the crisis. However, the interests of the Protestants in the empire were undoubtedly a personal concern of his.

Envoy of the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg

In 1725 Reck was appointed envoy of the Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg, Ratzeburg and the counties of Hoya and Diepholz to the Reichstag, which was subordinate to the British king . He served until his death.

Adviser to the Soissons Congress

On Reck's recommendation, the British King George II proposed to negotiate the kingdom's religious problems at the Soissons Congress , which was primarily intended to end the Anglo-Spanish War . The Evangelical Lutheran and Reformed imperial estates accepted the king's offer in 1728 and did not send their own delegation. George II followed the recommendation of his Privy Councilor to send Reck to Soissons. On the one hand, the Corpus Evangelicorum was satisfied with this solution, since Reck knew the confessional situation in the empire, and on the other hand, the king could appoint a diplomat whom he trusted. He considered Reck to be the only diplomat represented at the congress who had knowledge and experience in imperial affairs. Therefore the king had given him the task of advising Horatio Walpole , William Stanhope and Stephen Poyntz , the ambassadors of Great Britain to the Congress, on imperial affairs.

Reck explained the disputes between George II and Emperor Karl VI. on the payment of the costs of the Reich execution against Duke Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , for which eight Mecklenburg offices were pledged to him, as required by the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . Since the emperor lacked the financial means to do so, Braunschweig-Lüneburg troops were still standing in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It was less successful when the Rijswijk clause of the peace treaty between France and the Holy Roman Empire from 1697 was discussed. At the expense of the Protestants, the clause collided with the regulations of the Peace of Westphalia, which was a Reich law . It was not until 1734 that the clause was repealed.

Diplomatic clumsiness

In 1731 Great Britain and Austria signed a treaty. In return for the British and Brunswick-Lüneburg recognition of the Pragmatic Sanction , Austria made concessions to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg. However, there was confusion on the part of Austria, as a triangle in front of the Fürstenrat clumsily expressed. The ambassador of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Ludolf Dietrich Hugo, claimed on instructions from the king that Reck had not yet been instructed and was therefore subject to a regrettable error. In this way the diplomatic waves could be smoothed. This incident certainly diminished the trust that George II had previously placed in the bar.

Reck and the Salzburg emigration

Diplomatic banter about the exiles

In 1731 the reports of the Regensburg ambassadors Reck and Hugo reveal the looming crisis in Salzburg. The Prince Archbishop of Salzburg, Leopold Anton Eleutherius von Firmian , had begun to force his Protestant subjects to emigrate. At first, the two diplomats refused to accept co-religionists because the Braunschweig-Lüneburg countries were sufficiently populated. After Prussia wanted to accept this, however, desires were aroused by the Brunswick-Lüneburg court councilor. Now 60 families should be settled in Saxony-Lauenburg. However, certain requirements should be met, including: a. In the end, Reck and Hugo turned to the Prussian court councilor Johann Göbel , who organized the transports of the Salzburg emigrants to East Prussia , but who in principle reclaimed them for Prussia . It was not until mid-1733 that the diplomats succeeded in winning Salzburg over to the Brunswick-Lüneburg countries.

Salzburg for the Georgia colony

In 1732 the British Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America had to say goodbye to the idea of recruiting settlers for the colony of Georgia from the London precariat , as the lobby of the manufactories feared the loss of cheap labor. Alternatively, in cooperation with the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the idea of ​​Salzburg emigrants should be recruited as colonists. The diplomats Reck and Hugo could be won over to the search for suitable settlers of Salzburg provenance. Most of the emigrants from Salzburg had already found shelter in Prussia and Samuel Urlsperger , senior and pastor at St. Anna's Church in Augsburg , was skeptical whether under these circumstances he would encourage emigrants who had never seen an ocean before to settle the other side of the Atlantic could win. However, since he expected another wave of emigration in the spring of 1733, Samuel Urlsperger suggested that the settlement in Georgia be promoted directly to the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg . Reck, with whom Urlsperger corresponded regularly, warned against encouraging the subjects of another sovereign to emigrate without the support of the king and parliament . When Urlsperger was finally able to motivate a group of Salzburg exiles, who were already on Reich territory, to settle in Georgia, Reck managed to get his nephew Philipp Georg Friedrich von Reck to accompany them to Georgia as royal British commissioner . Reck was supposed to see the return of his nephew, who had failed during a second transport of emigrants, in January 1737, but died five months later.

funeral

Reck was buried on June 22, 1737 in Regensburg in the ambassadorial cemetery near the Dreieinigkeitskirche in the Dreher crypt without a grave plate. There is a simple, today heavily weathered baroque epitaph, the dominant inscription of which is made of red marble .

Fonts

• Insufficientia paritionis Palatinae. Or the imperfection of the Chur-Palatinate establishment of the Baadian peace status in religious matters. How far it got with such production until Michaelis 1723. Sambt accompanying attachments. [Regensburg] 1723. Digitized
• The royal-Great-Britannian and Chur-Braunschweigischen councilor Mr. von Reck as the authorized representative of the Evangelical Corporis at Chur-Pfaltz to the same against the defense issued by the author of the Chur-Pfälzische paritions notices and other unequal assessments made on September 25, 1723 -Write. [Regensburg] 1723.

literature

• Karl Otmar von Aretin: The Old Empire 1648 - 1806. Vol. 2, Imperial tradition and Austrian great power politics 1684 - 1745. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-608-91489-7 .
• E [dmund] von der Becke-Klüchtzner: Family tables of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden. A newly edited book of nobility. Publishing house A. v. Hagensche Hof-Buchdruckerei (Weber & Köblin), Baden Baden 1886. Digitized
• James van Horn Melton: Religion, Community, and Slavery on the Colonial Southern Frontier. Cambridge Studies on the American South. Cambridge University Press, New York 2015. ISBN 978-1-107-06328-0 .
• Christian Gottfried Oertel: Complete and reliable list of emperors, electors, princes and estates of salvation. Rom. The empire, as well as embassies from the same and foreign powers, which were present on the perpetual imperial days from its beginning in 1662 to 1760. Verlag Johann Leopold Montag, Regensburg 1761. Digitized
• Gudrun Reichmeyer / Bettina Wollenweber: The Latin epitaphs in the Regensburg ambassador's cemetery (at the Trinity Church). Texts, translations, comments. Edited by Michael Altmann. CH-Verlag, Regensburg 1992. ISBN 3-927730-31-9 .
• Eberhard Christian Wilhelm von Schaurroth (Ed.): Complete collection of all conclusions, letters and other other negotiations of the Highly Praised Corporis Evangelicorum from the beginning of the now-for-ever Highly Prestigious Reich = Convent to the present day, compiled and published according to the order of the materials. Vol. 2. Heinrich Georg Neubauer, Regensburg 1751. Digitized
• Burcard Gotthelf Struve: Detailed report on the history of the Palatinate Church. Taking in the various religious changes and the church state in the Chur-Pfaltz and other Palatinate countries from the beginning of the Reformation, bit the present times. Whatever the Pfälzische Religions-Gravamina, Recesse and Acta also what happened on the Reichs-Tag and otherwise otherwise, all attached here in the form, and what one had from it piece by piece, carried together, also everything with necessary comments, proven printed and unprinted documents and public acts have been explained, together with complete registers. Publishing house Johann Bernhard Hartung, Frankfurt am Main 1721. Digitized
• Andrew C. Thompson: Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest 1688-1756. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2006 ISBN 1-84383-241-0 .
• Samuel Urlsperger (Ed.): Second continuation of the detailed message from those Saltzburg emigrants who have settled in America. What includes I. The day register of the two preachers at EbenEzer in Georgia from the year 1736. II. The Herr von Reck travel diary, when the same went to America in 1735 with the third transport of evangelical emigrants, along with two letters from Neu -England. III. The preacher in EbenEzer letters from 1735 and 1736. IV. Some letters from the Saltzburgers in EbenEzer from 1735, 1737, and 1738. Verlag Waisenhaus, Halle 1739. Digitized

Web links

• Johannes à Reck In: University of Heidelberg. Princely Waldecksche Hofbibliothek (ed.). Adhesive tapes, Volume 1, p. 531.
• Johannes à Reck In: University of Regensburg. Regensburg portrait gallery.
• Johannes à Reck In: The portrait collection of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel.
• Johannes à Reck In: Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg. Digital portrait index.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Gudrun Reich Meyer / Bettina Wollenweber: The Latin Epitaphien in the Regensburg Sent cemetery (at the Dreieieinigkeitskirche). Texts, translations, comments . CH-Verlag, Regensburg 1992, ISBN 3-927730-31-9 , p. 33-35 (35) .
2. ^ Albrecht Klose / Klaus-Peter Rueß: The grave inscriptions on the ambassador's cemetery in Regensburg. Texts, translations, biographies, historical notes . In: Stadtarchiv Regensburg (ed.): Regensburger studies . tape 22 . Regensburg City Archives, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-943222-13-5 , p. 77-779 .
3. ↑ Gudrun Reichmeyer / Bettina Wollenweber: The Latin epitaphs in the Regensburg ambassador's cemetery (at the Trinity Church). Texts, translations, comments . CH-Verlag, Regensburg 1992, ISBN 3-927730-31-9 , p. 33-35 (34) .
4. ^ ^{A b} Christian Gottfried Oertel .: Complete and reliable list of emperors, electors, princes and estates of salvation. Rom. The empire, as well as embassies from the same and foreign powers, which were present on the perpetual imperial days from its beginning in 1662 to 1760 . Verlag Johann Leopold Montag, Regensburg 1761, p. 117-118, 128-129, 161-162 .
5. ↑ ^{a b} E [dmund] von der Becke-Klüchtzner: Family tables of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Baden. A newly edited book of nobility . Publishing house A. v. Hagensche Hof-Buchdruckerei (Weber & Köblin), Baden Baden 1886, p. 333-335 .
6. ↑ Newly opened European State Theatrum, on which the most distinguished states in Europe now-living high persons according to their name, title, birth, marriage, children and closest relatives, along with the high imperial convents and courts, as well as those in sovereign and great gentlemen court-state-governments-war ambassadors and other batches of standing ministries and servants, as no less are presented to those knight orders and societies of science, as much as one can reliably find out. Including attached brief message from associated countries . Verlag Johann Conrad Peetz, Regensburg 1731, p. 505 .
7. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 590 .
8. ↑ Person and correspondence database of the Leibniz Edition. Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, accessed on August 10, 2016 . 
9. ↑ Peter Brachwitz: The authority of the visible. Religious gravamina in the 18th century empire . Verlag Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-025186-9 , p. 101 .
10. ^ Andrew C. Thompson: Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest 1688-1756 . The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2006, ISBN 1-84383-241-0 , pp. 90 .
11. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Brachwitz: The authority of the visible. Religious gravamina in the 18th century empire . Verlag Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-025186-9 , p. 140 .
12. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin: The Old Empire 1648-1806 . tape 2 , Imperial tradition and Austrian great power politics 1684 - 1745. Verlag Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-608-91489-7 , p. 286 .
13. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin: The Old Empire 1648-1806 . tape 2 , Imperial tradition and Austrian great power politics 1684 - 1745. Verlag Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-608-91489-7 , p. 292 .
14. ↑ [Andreas Lazarus von Imhof]: The newly opened historical picture room ninth part. That is: Kurtze, clear and impartial description of the Historiae Universalis. Containing the stories, which under the most glorious reigning Kayser Carolo VI. from the year 1723 bit to the year 1733 mainly in Europe, also occasionally in the world . Verlag Johann Leonhard Büggel and Andreas Seitz, Nuremberg 1735, p. 10-11 .
15. ^ Andrew C. Thompson: Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest 1688-1756 . The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2006, ISBN 1-84383-241-0 , pp. 85-89 .
16. ^ Andrew C. Thompson: Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest 1688-1756 . The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2006, ISBN 1-84383-241-0 , pp. 135-140 .
17. ^ Andrew C. Thompson: Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest 1688-1756 . The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2006, ISBN 1-84383-241-0 , pp. 151-152 .
18. ^ Andrew C. Thompson: Britain, Hanover and the Protestant Interest 1688-1756 . The Boydell Press, Woodbridge 2006, ISBN 1-84383-241-0 , pp. 135-140 .
19. ↑ James van Horn Melton: Religion, Community, and Slavery on the Colonial Southern Frontier. Cambridge Studies on the American South . Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-06328-0 , pp. 110-112 .
20. ↑ James van Horn Melton: Religion, Community, and Slavery on the Colonial Southern Frontier. Cambridge Studies on the American South . Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-06328-0 , pp. 125 .
21. ↑ Samuel Urlsperger (Ed.): Second continuation of the detailed message from those Saltzburg emigrants who have settled in America. What includes I. The day register of the two preachers at EbenEzer in Georgia from the year 1736. II. The Herr von Reck travel diary, when the same went to America in 1735 with the third transport of evangelical emigrants, along with two letters from Neu -England. III. The preacher in EbenEzer letters from 1735 and 1736. IV. Some letters from the Saltzburgers in EbenEzer from 1735, 1737, and 1738 . Verlag Waisenhaus, Halle an der Saale 1739, p. 858 .
22. ↑ Burial directory (pdf, 381 kB), accessed on February 2, 2018.
23. ↑ Klaus-Peter Ruess: Burial register for the cemetery of the Protestant envoys at the Perpetual Reichstag (envoys cemetery) at the Trinity Church in Regensburg for the period 1641 to 1787 (1803). (PDF) Evang.-Luth. Dreieinigkeitskirche Regensburg, accessed on February 2, 2018 (No. 61).