kuk Uhlan regiment "von Böhm-Ermolli" No. 13

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Rodakowski in the battle of Custozza . (Painting by Ludwig Koch , 1908. Oil on canvas, Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Vienna)

The Galician Uhlan Regiment "von Böhm-Ermolli" No. 13 was a cavalry unit of the Common Army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces .

Originally the regiment was named after its first owner "Count Trani, Prince of the Two Sicilies" (from 1860). His relatives were therefore also called Trani-Uhlans for short , a colloquial term that, due to the outstanding achievements in the war year 1866, persisted even later, despite officially different names. From 1898 to 1909 it was called "kuk Uhlan Regiment Graf Paar No. 13", from 1913 "kuk Uhlan Regiment Böhm-Ermolli No. 13".

In 1915 the honorary names of the regiments were deleted without replacement. From then on the association was only called Uhlan Regiment No. 13 This could not be enforced in common usage, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand the thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all existing stamps and forms should be used up first. (According to the "Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department" of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by Field Post Office 512)

Formation history

With the highest order of January 17, 1860, the 4th divisions of the Uhlan Regiments No. 1, 2, 8 and 10 formed the "Volunteer Uhlan Regiment" in Stockerau . The four divisions withdrew from their stations in Wesseley (No. 1), Gyöngyös (No. 2), Raab (No. 8) and Sárospatak (No. 10) and reached their garrison in Stockerau at the beginning of March.

  • Renamed in 1862 to Uhlan Regiment No. 13
  • In 1898 renamed the Galician Uhlan Regiment Field Marshal Lieutenant "Alois Graf Paar" No. 13
  • 1913 renamed the Galician Uhlan Regiment "von Böhm-Ermolli" No. 13

Supplementary districts

  • Since its establishment, the regiment has been recruited from Galicia , and at first from the districts of all the regiments that complement each other from this Crown Land
  • From 1867 to 1873, the districts of infantry regiments No. 40 and 45 ( Rzeszów , Sanok ) were added
  • 1873–75 from the district of regiment No. 40 alone
  • 1876–83 from the districts of infantry regiments No. 10 and 30 ( Stryj , Lemberg )
  • 1883–89 from the supplementary district of regiment No. 80 ( Zloczów ).
  • Then the regiment was assigned to the area of ​​XI. Corps (Military Territorial District Lviv) assigned.

Peace garrisons

Regimental owner

Last owner of the Colonel Uhlans Rgt 13
Gen. by Böhm-Ermolli

Regimental Commanders

  • 1860 Colonel Ludwig von Pulz
  • 1866 Colonel Maximilian Ritter von Rodakowski
  • 1871 Colonel Franz Suchdolsky de Suchdol
  • 1874 Colonel Sigmund Ritter Gniewosz von Olexów
  • 1879 Colonel Franz Benesch
  • 1892 Colonel Nicolaus Cseke de Szent György
  • 1883 Colonel Carl von Gilsa
  • 1885 Colonel Egmont Graf zur Lippe-Weissenfels
  • 1890 Colonel Ferdinand Ochl
  • 1892 Colonel Franz Neuhaus
  • 1898 Colonel Friedrich Janowski
  • 1894 Colonel Oscar Ritter Kiwisch von Rotterau
  • 1900 Colonel Richard Clausnitz
  • 1903–1908 Colonel Georg Edler von Lehmann
  • 1909–1912 Colonel Stanislaus Ritter von Ursyn-Pruszynski
  • 1913/1914 Lieutenant Colonel Lelio Graf Spannocchi
Ulan des Regiment (colored drawing by an unknown artist)

education

In the campaign of 1859 the cavalry in Italy did not perform as expected. Only the hussar regiment No. 10 was an exception. Its commander, Colonel Baron Edelsheim, had correctly grasped the difficulties and trained his regiment accordingly before the operations began. The colonel was then commissioned to revise the training and exercise regulations that had been in effect until then. The new regulations came into force in 1862. The Uhlan Regiment No. 13 in Stockerau and the voluntary Hussar Regiments No. 1 in Wels and 2 in Groß-Enzersdorf were assigned for testing . Edelsheim initially dealt with the officers , then in a further winter school all lieutenants and cadets were trained by First Lieutenant Köpping. The training was specially tailored to the conditions in Italy. They trained in perfect control of the horse, riding in a pack even in difficult terrain, jumping over obstacles - also in departments - and swimming exercises.

Adjustment

  • 1860: madder red Tatarka , light blue ulanka and boot pants, madder red equalization , yellow buttons
  • 1868: ash gray (1872 dark blue) Tatarka, light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and breeches, yellow buttons
  • 1876: dark blue czapka , light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and boot pants, yellow buttons

Association membership and status 1914

  • XI. Army Corps - 8th Cavalry Troop Division - 15th Cavalry Brigade
  • Nationalities: 55% Ruthenians - 42% Poles - 3% various
  • Regimental language: Ruthenian and Polish

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Cavalry usually consisted of three to four (in exceptional cases more) divisions. (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons . The number of riders in the individual sub-units varied, but was usually around 160 riders per squadron.

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Battle calendar

No. 13 is led by Colonel Maximilian Ritter von Rodakowski at the Battle of Custozza in 1866
Memorial plaque for the kuk Uhlanenregiment No. 13 in the Vienna Capuchin Church

→ Third Italian War of Independence

  • 1866 Shortly before the outbreak of war, the regiment was in and around Verona. In April Colonel Pulz was appointed commander of the newly formed Reserve Cavalry Brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Rodakowski took over the regimental command.

At the end of May, the 4th squadron was retired as a depot squadron and marched to Klagenfurt. The 5th Squadron was sent to the troop command in Trient in Tyrol on May 1st . The remaining squadrons were used to guard along the Mincio . After the Italians had crossed the Mincio, the squadrons were withdrawn to Verona, in order to advance in Corps Pulz on Villafranca on June 24th . In the Battle of Custozza , the regiment under Colonel Maximilian von Rodakowski distinguished itself through several particularly bravura attacks against enemy infantry - squares and cavalry, but suffered heavy losses. The squadron in Tyrol also fought successfully several times near Riva . Colonel Pulz received the Military Maria Theresa Order , Colonel Rodakowski the Leopold Order , and a further number of officers and men were also awarded various orders.

First World War

During the First World War, the Uhlans fought cavalry in a closed regimental formation in the east and south-east. In particular, the regiment stood out in the cavalry battle near Jaroslawice on August 21, 1914. Like all cavalry regiments, this was ultimately used for infantry .

Whereabouts

At the end of the war, the association should first be returned to Belgrade. However, since the Uhlans wanted to go straight home, the regiment mutinied and disbanded.

After the war, a memorial plaque was erected in the Vienna Capuchin Church for those who died in the regiment between 1860 and 1918.

See also

literature

  • Alphons Freiherr von Wrede: History of the KuK Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. 5 volumes. Seidel, Vienna 1898–1905.
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • BM Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999.
  • Allmayer-Beck / Lessing: The Austro-Hungarian Army 1848–1914. Bertelsmann, Munich 1974.
  • C. Pizzighelli: History of the Imperial and Royal Uhlan Regiment No. 13. Zloczów 1910.
  • Osprey Military. Men-at-arms Series No. 329.