kuk Dragoon Regiment "Emperor Ferdinand I." No. 4

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Imperial cuirassier regiment Seherr von Thoss (K 5) 1734 Gudenus manuscript
Emperor Ferdinand I in a portrait from 1793 - he was only named after 1888

The association was established in the 17th century as a harrant-curassier for the imperial-Habsburg army . From this, the kuk dragoon regiment "Emperor Ferdinand I." No. 4 developed over time up to the joint army within the Austro-Hungarian land forces .

In 1769 the regiment was given the name Cavalry Regiment No. 12 in the newly established cavalry ranking list . However, the name continued to be after the regiment owner (who did not also have to be the commander) until 1798 . There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (For example the Count Serbelloni regiment - or the Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. At first it was renamed to Cuirassier Regiment No. 12

Since 1895 the regiment had to keep its name forever. Nevertheless, in 1915 all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the association was only called Dragoon Regiment No. 4 (This could not be enforced in practice, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand because the very thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all existing forms and stamps be used up first!)

The following numbering was subsequently introduced for the system: 1672/1 (to Ticino )., Cuirassier regiment K 5 (to Bleckwenn ).

prehistory

  • From 1798 to 1802 the later Uhlan Regiment No. 7 was known as Dragoon Regiment No. 4.
  • From 1802 to 1860, the then disbanded Leopold Grand Duke of Toscana regiment existed as Dragoon Regiment No. 4.
  • The regiment was called Archduke Albrecht No. 4 Dragoon Regiment from 1875 to 1895

Formation history

  • On December 2, 1672, according to capitulation by the colonels Harrant as Cuirassier - Regiment erected Harrant.
  • In 1679 two companies of the dissolved Bayreuth Cavalry Regiment and parts of the Oettingen and Holstein regiments were incorporated
  • 1707 incorporated parts of the Bartel regiment
  • 1721 A company of the Steinville Cuirassier Regiment taken over
  • 1731 Part of the auction company established in 1727 is given to the Kokorowa cuirassier regiment
  • 1768 The Carabinier Company was transferred to the newly formed 1st Carabinier Regiment (later Dragoons No. 3 ), while a squadron from the dissolved Kleinholdt Cuirassier Regiment was taken over
  • 1769 Allocation of cavalry ranking number 12
  • 1775 The Majors Division of the dissolved Thurn Regiment is taken over
  • 1798 Change of name to Cuirassier Regiment No. 12
  • 1802 change to cuirassier regiment No. 4. At the same time, the majors division of the dissolved cuirassier regiment Czartoryski was taken over
  • 1867 Conversion to Dragoon Regiment No. 4
Dragoon barracks in Wels

Supplementary districts

  • 1781 to 1852 Upper and Lower Austria
  • 1853 to 1857 from the military district of Infantry Regiment No. 4 (Vienna)
  • Since 1857 from Upper Austria and Salzburg , supplementary districts of IR No. 14 and 59 ( Linz , Salzburg)
  • Then from the area of ​​the 14th Corps. ( Innsbruck )
Kaiser Franz-Josef cavalry barracks in Enns

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.

Regimental owner

As a cuirassier regiment "Serbelloni" 1745–1778
  • 1672 Colonel Christoph Wilhelm Freiherr von Harrant (Harrant Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1682 Colonel Aeneas Sylvius Count Piccolomini d´Aragona ( Count Piccolomini Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1690 Colonel Lorenz Graf Hofkirchen (Count Hochkirchen Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1693 Colonel Johann Anton Graf Herberstein ( Count Herberstein Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1700 Generalfeldwachtmeister Leo Graf Uhlefeld (Cuirassier Regiment Graf Uhlefeld)
  • 1716 Generalfeldwachtmeister Adam Comte de Gondrecourt (Kürassier-Regiment Gondrecourt)
  • 1723 Colonel Johann Friedrich Prince Modena d´Este (Cuirassier Regiment Modena)
  • 1727 Generalfeldwachtmeister Johann Christoph Freiherr Seherr von Thoss (Thoss Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1743 Lieutenant Field Marshal Franz Graf Saintignon (Cuirassier Regiment Saint-Ignon)
  • 1745 Lieutenant Field Marshal Johann Baptist Graf Serbelloni (Cuirassier Regiment Serbelloni)
  • 1778 Major General Georg August Prince of Mecklenburg - Strelitz (Cuirassier Regiment Mecklenburg-Strelitz)
  • 1786 Major General Moriz Graf Kavanagh (Count Kavanagh Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1798 Change of name to Cuirassier Regiment No. 12
  • 1801 Colonel Archduke Ferdinand
  • 1835 Lieutenant Field Marshal Raban, Baron von Spiegel
  • 1836 Field Marshal Lieutenant Carl Freiherr von Mengen
  • 1848 Emperor Ferdinand
  • 1875 Field Marshal Archduke Albrecht

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1672 the owner Colonel Harrant
  • 1677 Lieutenant Colonel Aeneas Sylvius Count Piccolomini
  • 1682 the same as colonel owner
  • 1683 Lieutenant Colonel Warlusel (Wareusel?)
  • 1684 Lieutenant Colonel Flaminio Bittum
  • 1685 Lieutenant Colonel Razenhausen
  • 1688 Lieutenant Colonel Haberl
  • 1690 the owner Colonel Graf Hofkirchen
  • 1691 Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Haberspurg
  • 1693 the owner Colonel Count Herberstein
  • 1694 Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Haberspurg
  • 1689 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Ignaz Graf Costa
  • 1708 Lieutenant-Colonel-Colonel Baron Monticelli von Rovero
  • 1714 Lieutenant Colonel Rocheville
  • 1718 Colonel Baron de Héron
  • 1723 Colonel Freiherr Mengen von Hörde
  • 1729 Colonel Oudaille
  • 1734 Colonel Wilhelm Pfalzgraf von Birkenfeld
  • 1739 Colonel Wilhelm Freiherr von Minkwitzburg
  • 1741 Colonel Count Sonau
  • 1745 Colonel Wilhelm Freiherr von Rzikowsky
  • 1753 Colonel Joseph Count D´Ayasasa
  • 1757 Colonel Johann Hueber
  • 1764 Colonel Sylvius Alexander Count Bojanowski
  • 1771 Colonel Emanuel Freiherr von Wimmersberg
  • 1777 Colonel Julius Count Bertolini
  • 1784 Colonel Heinrich Graf Bünau zu Seyselitz
  • 1786 Colonel Ignaz Carl Graf Mercandin
  • 1792 Colonel Friedrich Xaver Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  • 1796 Colonel Leopold Count Pálffy from Erdöd
  • 1799 Colonel Heinrich Bersina von Siegenthal
  • 1801 Colonel Anton von Ricking
  • 1807 Colonel Philipp Christoph Freiherr von Bechthold
  • 1811 Colonel Paul Freiherr von Taxis
  • 1814 Colonel Georg von Mann
  • 1820 Colonel Carl Graf Clam-Martinic
  • 1830 Colonel Carl Marquis Sommariva
  • 1836 Colonel Edmund Fürst zu Schwarzenberg
  • 1844 Colonel Hugo Graf Mensdorff-Pouilly
  • 1847 Colonel Philipp Edler von Weiss
  • 1849 Colonel Albert Count Waldstein-Wartenberg
  • 1851 Colonel Franz Reznar Edler von Riedburg *
  • 1853 Colonel Carl Graf Coudenhove
  • 1859 Colonel Sarkander von Raabl
  • 1863 Colonel Joseph Berres Edler von Perez
  • 1868 Colonel Heinrich Freiherr von Ritter
  • 1874 Colonel Eduard Graf Paar
  • 1879 Colonel Carl von Klenek
  • 1884 Colonel Hartwig Freiherr von Wersebe
  • 1890 Colonel Friedrich Freiherr von Weigelsperg
  • 1892 Colonel Richard Edler von Pflügl
  • 1898 Colonel Joseph Fleischmann von Theissruck
  • 1903 Colonel Leopold Voitl
  • 1907 Colonel Alexander Petschig
  • 1911 Colonel Karl von Risch
  • 1912–1914 Colonel Viktor Baron Sessler von Herzinger

Battle calendar

Colonel Baron von Harrant Kürassier (1672)

→ Dutch War

  • 1673 On the theater of war in Germany with a skirmish near Würzburg
  • 1674 Participation in the battle of Seneffe and the capture of Dinant
  • 1675 Patrol and security services on the Lower Rhine near Bonn . Later involved in the fighting at Sassbach and Goldscheuer with the main army .
  • 1676–1678 patrol and security services on the Rhine, without action

→ Great Turkish War

  • 1683 Involved in the relief of Vienna with the main army. Battle of Párkányi
  • 1684 Siege of Ofen and skirmishes near Waitzen
  • 1685 fighting near Gran with subsequent relocation to Upper Hungary (Slovakia), then relocation to Transylvania.
  • 1686 Deployed in the Scherffenberg Corps in the battles near Szent Benedek and Hermannstadt , the regiment then moved to the 2nd siege of Ofen . Then assigned to the army of the Margrave of Baden , it fought in front of Simontornya, Siklós and in other skirmishes.
  • 1687 Fighting on Mount Harsanyim in the Battle of Mohács
  • In 1688 reassigned to the army of the Margrave of Baden. Patrol and security services on the Sava . Skirmish at Derbent
  • 1689 raids against Banjaluka and Tesain, participation in the battles at Batocina and Nissa. The regiment then remained stationed in Bosnia and undertook security and patrol service. Parts of the unit made two forays into Kacanik
  • 1690 march under combat conditions to Nissa, later transferred to Szolnok
  • 1691 With the main army in the battle of Szlankamen , later fighting on the Drava
  • 1692 With the siege army in front of Peterwardein
  • 1693 During the siege of Belgrade
  • 1694 With the siege army in front of Peterwardein
  • 1695–1696 Participation in the operations of the Elector of Saxony, then march to Transylvania
  • 1697 The regiment stood in Transylvania with the troops at the Iron Gate , only one detachment was involved in the battle near Uj-Palanka
  • 1698 Patrol and security services in Transylvania

→ Anti-Habsburg uprisings in the Kingdom of Hungary from 1671–1711

  • 1703 Fight against the rebels in Transylvania, battle near Sibiu
  • 1704 Battle of Pata (Relief from Cluj-Napoca )
  • 1706 Fighting at Alsó-Szilvás, later under General of the Cavalry Rabutin campaign against Grosswardein
  • 1707 The greater part of the regiment was deployed in the Tige Corps in Transylvania in the relief of Cluj and in the battle near Kocsárd. The rest of them lay in western Hungary without fighting
  • 1708 Individual departments led smaller skirmishes near Neuhäusel
  • 1709 patrol and security services. No combat activity
  • 1710 Battle of Romhány. Later the regiment stood in front of Neuhäusel. After the fall of this fortress , the regiment operated on the right bank of the Danube and attacked Kuruzen detachments near Siófok and Martinsberg

→ War of the Spanish Succession

  • 1712 Relocation of the regiment to the Rhine
  • 1713 In the association of the Reichsarmee, without combat activity

→ Venetian-Austrian Turkish War

→ War of the Polish Succession

  • 1734 Relocated to the theater of war in Germany, the regiment was in the Heilbronn camp
  • 1735 In the association of the Mosel Corps. Only the carbine company was used in the battle near Clausen

→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1736–1739)

  • 1737 Relocated to the main army in Bosnia without any action
  • 1738 Skirmishes at Kornia and Mehadia
  • In 1739 the regiment suffered great losses in the Battle of Grocka

→ War of the Austrian Succession

→ Seven Years War

→ War of the Bavarian Succession

  • 1778–1779 patrol and security services in Moravia , then in Bohemia, without any action

→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792)

  • 1788 With the army in the Banat, the regiment covered the retreat on the march back from Karansebes together with the cuirassier regiment Caramelli (No. 2)
  • 1789 fighting in front of Uj-Palánka, later in front of Belgrade
  • 1790 Assigned to the observation army in Moravia

→ coalition wars

  • 1793 Relocated to the theater of war in the Netherlands, the regiment fought near Neer winds. The Lieutenant Colonel Division and the Majors - 2nd Squadron distinguished themselves in the Battle of Leuven and the Avant-garde Battle of Bierbeck. 1 1/2 squadrons fought at Tournai, a detachment at Templeuve. The regiment then fought with special distinction at la Capelle and Cysoing, in front of Maubeuge and in the battle of Wattignies
  • 1794 fighting in front of Landrecies and Charleroi
  • 1795 Siege of Mainz fortress , later without combat activity with the army on the Upper Rhine
  • 1796 Still on the Upper Rhine, the regiment fought in Corps Latour near Orloffen and Renchen. Subsequently, divided into the army of Archduke Karl, it fought near Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate , Amberg and Schliengen
  • 1797 March from Hüningen to Inner Austria. No combat activity
  • 1799 Relocated to Italy at the theater of war . Siege of Mantua , later campaign with the Corps of course in Romagna
  • 1800 department- wise distributed in different places in Tuscany . After superior French troops had moved in despite the armistice, the regiment was able to reunite and join the Sommariva Brigade in the main army.
  • 1801 When retreating from Vicenza , the regiment led rearguard battles
  • In 1805, assigned to the army in Germany (four divisions), the regiment was cut off from the rest of the troops at Landsberg on the march against Ulm , but was able to fight off to Tyrol . Here it joined the Rohan Brigade and had to capitulate with them after the battle of Castelfranco .
  • 1809 Assigned to the 1st Reserve Corps in Germany, the unit fought in the Battle of Eggmühl and then covered the retreat from Regensburg . Participation in the Battle of Aspern , the Battle of Wagram and the Battle of Znojmo

→ Wars of Liberation

  • 1813 Assigned to the Nostiz cavalry corps, it was only used by the reserve cavalry in the battle of Dresden . Battle of the Fleas and Battle of the Nations near Leipzig .
  • 1814 Initially with the Southern Army near Macon, the regiment was transferred to the main army at the end of March, no combat activity

→ Rule of the Hundred Days

  • 1815 Patrol and security services on the Upper Rhine, without any action

→ Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 When the unrest broke out, the regiment was in Vienna, the Lieutenant Colonel Division was involved in the battle at Tabor. The latter later moved to Olomouc to cover the imperial court . The other two divisions remained in Znojmo
  • 1849 The Lieutenant Colonel Division moved to Hungary, where they possibly took part in the battle at Nagy-Satló. (There are various details here) Later she fought with the Colonel Division at Pered and on the Waag. After the majors division had also advanced, the regiment fought in the cavalry division Bechtold near Raab , near Ács, Puszta - Herkály, Szöreg and Temesvár (here only with 4 squadrons)

→ German war

  • 1866 Four squadrons of the regiment were assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division Prince Holstein in the Northern Army. Participation in the battle near Wysokow and in the battle of Königgrätz . On the retreat to Vienna, the 5th Squadron fought a battle near Gammersdorf

→ First World War

During the First World War, the cavalry regiments were exposed to a wide variety of uses. Some of them continued to exist in the regimental association, some of them were divided into squadrons by infantry divisions, corps and army staffs as so-called division cavalry . (They provided services there as reconnaissance and reporting riders, as well as security detachments.) Most of the regiments, however, soon had to surrender the horses (if they still had any) and were then used by infantry.

Whereabouts

Memorial for the Dragoon Regiment No. 4 in Wels

After the heavy loss of personnel and horses in the fighting against Russia at the beginning of the war, the regiment was disbanded in 1915. Together with the remains of other cavalry regiments, the former Dragoon Regiment No. 4 formed the newly established Cavalry Rifle Regiment No. 9.

Association membership and status in July 1914

XIV Army Corps - 4th Cavalry Troop Division - 18th Cavalry Brigade
Nationalities: 99% German - 1% other
Regimental language: German

Adjustment

1738: white skirt, red lapels
1765 (1767): white skirt, dark green equalization , white trousers, white buttons
  • Cuirassier Regiment No. 12, from 1802 to No. 4
1798: white skirt, grass-green leveling, white trousers, white buttons
1850: white tunic , grass-green equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
  • Dragoon Regiment No. 4
1868: light blue tunic, grass-green equalization, madder red breeches, white buttons

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Cavalry usually consisted of three to four (in exceptional cases more) divisions. (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.

(With the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , however, the company structure within the cavalry had already been abandoned.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Bohemian Dragoon Regiment "Prince of Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

See also

Commons : Uniforms of the Austrian Cavalry 1762  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Allmayer-Beck , Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army. 1848-1914 . Bertelsmann, Munich et al. 1974, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
  • Hans Bleckwenn : The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967, pp. 25–53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 ; P. 17ff.
  • Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999, ISBN 978-3-85114-479-6 .
  • Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. online at google books
  • Osprey Military. Issue No. 271, reprint 1999.
  • Austrian military history. Special volume 1997, Verlag Stöhr Vienna.
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes. Biblio, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 , p. 152ff.
  • Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. Directory of regiment chiefs at the Wrede plant (PDF; 325 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ticino 1986 vol. 1:40
  2. ↑ Bleckwenn