kuk Dragoon Regiment "Graf Paar" No. 2
The association was established in 1672 as a Caraffa-Cürassiere for the Imperial-Habsburg army . From this, the kuk dragoon regiment "Graf Paar" No. 2 developed over time up to the joint army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces
In 1769 the regiment was given the name Cavalry Regiment No. 29 in the newly established cavalry ranking list . However, the name continued to be after the regiment owner (who did not also have to be the commander) until 1798 . There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (e.g. Count Serbelloni regiment - or Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.
After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. The name was changed to Dragoon Regiment No. 2
The last name used had been assigned to the regiment for ever , nevertheless in 1915 all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the association was again only called kuk Dragoon Regiment No. 2 (This could not be enforced in practice, on the one hand because no one adhered to it, on the other hand because the very economical kuk military administration had ordered that all forms and stamps that were still available first be used up !). The regiment was considered an elite regiment and was also known as the "Count Couple Dragoons".
The following numbering was subsequently introduced for the system: 1672/2 (to Ticino ), cuirassier regiment K 14 (to Bleckwenn ).
Associations with the same name
- From 1798 to 1801 there was already a dragoons regiment Crown Prince Ferdinand No. 2.
- From 1802 to 1860 the later Kuk hussar regiment "Archduke Franz Salvator" No. 15 led the designation Dragoon Regiment No. 2.
- From 1860 to 1867 the later Dragoon Regiment No. 11 was called Dragoon Regiment No. 2.
Formation history
- With a patent from Emperor Leopold , the Colonel Count Caraffa set up the Count Caraffa cuirassier regiment on December 22nd, 1672 .
- In 1679 parts of the dissolved Holstein Cuirassier Regiment were incorporated.
- In 1721 a squadron of the cuirassier regiment Steinville was incorporated.
- 1731 1727 established auction company was dissolved and to the partially Cuirassiers Pignatelli and Cuirassiers Kokorowa dispensed. The carabinier company was transferred to the newly established 2nd Carabinier Regiment (later Dragoon Regiment No. 1 ) in 1768 . A squadron of the disbanded Cuirassier Regiment Kleinholdt was taken over for it.
- A squadron of the majors division of the disbanded cuirassier regiment Rothschütz and the entire colonel division of the cuirassier regiment Podstatzky were incorporated in 1775.
- In 1801 the majors division of the dissolved Zezschwitz Cuirassier Regiment was taken over. Due to the dissolution of the cuirassiers , it was converted into a dragoon regiment with the number 2 in 1867.
Supplementary districts
- From 1781 from Upper and Lower Austria
- from 1800 some of the recruits from Bohemia
- from 1817 Bohemia
- 1853–57 from the supplementary district of Infantry Regiment No. 21 ( Chrudim )
- 1857-60 also from the supplementary districts of infantry regiments No. 11 and No. 18 ( Písek and Königgrätz )
- 1860–68 from those of infantry regiments No. 18, 21, and 75
- 1868–83 only from the districts of infantry regiments No. 21 and 75
- from 1883 from the supplementary districts of infantry regiments No. 28, 88 and 102 ( Prague , Beraun and Beneschau ).
- From 1889 the regiment expanded its personnel from the area of the VIII Corps (Military Territorial District Prague)
Peace garrisons
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Regimental owner
- 1672 Colonel Anton Graf Caraffa (Count Caraffa Cuirassier Regiment)
- 1693 Colonel Franz Sigmund Graf Schrattenbach (Count Schrattenbach's Cuirassier Regiment)
- 1693 Field Marshal Lieutenant Maxmilian Wilhelm, Prince of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Hanover (Prince of Braunschweig Cuirassier Regiment)
- 1726 Generalfeldwachtmeister Ludwig Freiherr von Uffeln (Offeln) (Uffeln Cuirassier Regiment)
- 1733 General Field Sergeant Carl Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (Duke of Braunschweig Cuirassier Regiment)
- 1736 Field Marshal Theodor Fürst Lubomirski (Cuirassier Regiment Fürst Lubomirski)
- 1745 Lieutenant Field Marshal Ludwig Carl Freiherr von Bretlach (Cuirassier Regiment Bretlach)
- 1767 Cavalry General Carl Graf Caramelli (Count Caramelli Cuirassier Regiment)
- 1789 General of the cavalry Franz Joseph von Este, Archduke, Duke of Modena. (Kaiser Franz IV) (Cuirassier Regiment Archduke Franz Joseph)
- 1798 Cuirassier Regiment No. 2
- 1846 Field Marshal Lieutenant Heinrich Freiherr Sunstenau von Schützenthal
- 1850 Maximilian Joseph II. King of Bavaria
- 1864 Field Marshal Friedrich Count Wrangel
- 1877 Lieutenant Field Marshal Tassilo Graf Festetics de Tolna
- 1883 Lieutenant Field Marshal Nicolaus Graf Pejacsevich von Veröcze
- 1890 Field Marshal Lieutenant Eduard Graf Paar
Regimental Commanders
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Battle calendar
→ Anti-Habsburg uprisings in the Kingdom of Hungary from 1671–1711
- 1674–80 campaigns against insurgents ( Malcontents ) in Upper Hungary
- 1674 Battle of Tokaj
- 1680 Four companies of the regiment are ambushed near Trenčín and suffer great losses
- In 1682 the regiment was under Starssoldo in the area of the mining towns
- 1683 Seconded to the Schulz Corps in Upper Hungary. Battle at Pressburg , then in the main army in the battle on Bisamberg , the relief battle near Vienna. Security service at the Jablunkapass
- 1684 During the march to the Upper Rhine, the regiment was redirected to Hungary. Joined the siege troops in front of the furnace on September 25th
- 1685 In the winter months parts of the regiment fought against the troops of Tököly near Rosenau and Tokaj . Participation in the siege of Neuhäusel . Then relocation to Upper Hungary .
- 1686 Security services at Szolnok . Parked in front of the furnace for the siege troops. Battle near Szeged . Used over the winter at the blockade of Erlau
- 1687 Until the surrender on December 17th during the siege of Eger
- Relocated temporarily to Transylvania in 1688, then assigned to the siege troops in front of Belgrade
→ War of the Palatinate Succession
- 1689 Relocated to the theater of war on the Rhine. Participation in the siege of Mainz
- 1690 Without combat activity
- 1691 Relocated to the theater of war in Italy ( Piedmont ). There, the unit participated in the blockade of Carmagnola part
- 1692–93 patrol and security service in front of Pignerol. Battle at Marsaglia (regiment owner Colonel Count Schrattenbach fallen)
- 1694–95 patrol and security service in Piedmont
- 1697 Relocated to the Rhine. No combat activity
→ War of the Spanish Succession
- 1701 Relocated to Germany. Patrol and security service
- 1702 Participation in the siege of Landau in the Palatinate
- 1703 Four squadrons fight in the battle near Munderkingen , two squadrons were assigned to the Corps Styrum
- 1704 Battle near Donauwörth . Battle of Höchstädt
- 1705 Relocated to the theater of war in Hungary. Foray into Transylvania. Battle of Sibó, a detachment was deployed to defend Angern Castle
- 1706 With the exception of 250 men from the Colonel Tige detachment, the regiment moves to Hungary
- 1707 In Upper Hungary in the Starhemberg Corps
- 1708–09 Border security of the Lower Austrian-Styrian border near Ödenburg
- 1710 Participation in the siege of Neuhäusel
- 1711 At the siege of Kosice , later "Neutrality Corps" in Silesia parked
- 1712 relocation to the Rhine
- 1713 patrol duty in the Black Forest , a detachment of approx. 150 men in the garrison in Landau
→ Venetian-Austrian Turkish War
- 1716 Battle of Peterwardein and fighting in front of Temesvár
- 1717 Participation in the siege and battle of Belgrade . Lieutenant Colonel Count Trento was made a colonel for bravery in battle. Foray towards Uzica.
→ War of the Quadruple Alliance
- 1718 relocation to northern Italy
- 1719 relocation to Sicily
- 1719 Battle of Francavilla
- 1720 fighting in western Sicily . Battles near Ribera and Palermo .
- 1735 Stationed in Hungary without any combat activity
→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1736–1739)
- 1737 Security services in Transylvania and in the Principality of Wallachia
- 1738 Security services in front of Temesvár
- 1739 After the battle of Grocka , four carbine companies covered the retreat.
→ War of the Austrian Succession
- 1741 fighting in Bohemia
- 1742 Heavy losses in the battle near Tschaslau . Deployed to the siege of Prague
- 1742/43 Divided up during the siege of Eger in winter . Siege of Ingolstadt , then march to Transylvania
- 1756 Battle of Lobositz
- 1757 Battle of Prague . Two squadrons are formed from scattered cuirassiers and deployed in the defense of Prague. The regiment suffered great losses in the battle of Rossbach .
- 1758 No combat activities
- 1759 Skirmishes against Hessian troops at Meiningen in association with the Savoy Dragoons regiment . Fight at Meissen and battle at Maxen
- 1760 Battle of Strehlen
- 1762 fighting near Freiberg
→ War of the Bavarian Succession
- 1778–79 in Bohemia, without combat activity
→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792)
- 1788 With the main army on the Save , then in the Banat . Battle of retreat at Karansebes
- 1789 Securing the troops deployed for the siege of Belgrade
- 1790 patrol and security services in Bohemia and Silesia
- 1793 Battles in the Austrian Netherlands and Luxembourg
- 1794 Fights at Arlon and Fleurus, a squadron at Quatrobras
- 1795 patrols and security services on the Upper Rhine , without combat activities
- 1796 Assigned to the Latour Corps. Fighting near Kuppenheim , Malsch , Neresheim , individual divisions near Geisenfeld and Donauwörth , a detachment near Ingolstadt. Cover for the siege of Kehl near Lichtenau
- 1797 march to Carinthia
- 1799 back to Germany. In the Battle of Ostrach a train was used as a gun cover. Later fights near Stockach . then moved to the reserve on the Rhine. Detachments took part in the battles near Weingarten , Bietigheim , Löchgau, Hoffenheim and Sinsheim (relief from Philippsburg )
- 1800 fights at Engen, Möskirch, Memmingen on the Iller, Wettenhausen, Gundelfingen on the Danube , later at Hohenlinden , Anthering and Lambach
- 1805 with 4 divisions in Germany. Various departments fought in the corps of Feldmarschalleutnant Franz Freiherr von Werneck and were present in Trochtelfingen (surrender), the other departments came into French captivity after the surrender of Field Marshal Lieutenant Mack near Ulm . Only about 50 men managed to join Archduke Ferdinand 's corps and break through to Bohemia, where they formed a squadron with a division of Hohenzollern cuirassiers no. 8 and fought at Stecken ( Štoky , Czech Republic)
- 1809 Assigned to the 1st Reserve Corps in Germany. Fight near Eggmühl and with special distinction in the battle near Aspern , the battle near Wagram and near Znaim
- 1813 Two divisions were assigned to the cavalry corps of the main army. In Dresden without any major action, the regiment later fought with distinction in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
- 1814 patrol and security services between Besançon and Lyon
- 1815 No combat activity
→ Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire
- 1848 Only the Lieutenant Colonel Division was assigned to the Schlick Corps and transferred from Galicia to Hungary. There fights at Budamér and Szikszó
- 1849 Fights near Kaschau , Tarczal , Keresztúr, Szén , Kápolna and Mezö-Kövesd . Later divided into the II. Reserve Corps , the division undertook raids on the Styrian- Hungarian border. In September in front of the Komorn Fortress . The Majors Division moved up to the theater of war in April with the Vogel corps . She later joined the IV Corps (Wohlgemuth) and fought near Schintau, Pered (Tešedíkovo), Puszta-Herákly, then near Szöreg, in Csanád County , near Temesvár and Lugos . The Colonel Division remained in Galicia .
- 1866 In the war against Prussia, the regiment and the 1st Squadron were in the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Division of the Northern Army and distinguished themselves in the Battle of Königgrätz .
→ First World War During the First World War, the cavalry regiments were exposed to a wide variety of uses. Some of them continued to exist in the regimental association, some of them were divided into squadrons by infantry divisions, corps and army staffs as so-called division cavalry . (They provided services there as reconnaissance and reporting riders, as well as security detachments.) Like most of the regiments, however, the Graf Paar Dragoons soon had to surrender their horses (if they still had any) and were then used by infantry. In 1917 the regiment was transferred from the Russian front to the Italian theater of war.
Eperjes slaughter
The first regiment owner, Colonel Count Caraffa, became known for the so-called Eperjes slaughterhouse ("Marcellum Eperiessiense"). As a commander in Upper Hungary in 1686 he headed a court that was supposed to punish the followers of Tököly . On the basis of fabricated allegations, with a prostitute as the main witness, he had 24 citizens and members of the lower nobility from Eperjes and the surrounding area cruelly tortured between March and September 1687 and then executed. The bodies were quartered and hung on the city gate for a few months. It was not until the end of the year that the delegates of the Hungarian parliament in Pressburg succeeded in getting the court to be repealed from Emperor Leopold I, who knew nothing about the events. A baroque group of statues of the Immaculate and a memorial plaque with the names of the victims stand at the place of execution.
Whereabouts
After the proclamation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Czech origin were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was followed. Under constitutional law, the request also applied to the German-Bohemian soldiers, since they were now Czechoslovak citizens. The Dragoon Regiment No. 2, however, with its remaining German cadre remained with the flag until the official end of the war and after the armistice concluded with Italy was taken prisoner in South Tyrol. Thus the association was withdrawn from its previous high command, the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place, as there was a Dragoon Regiment No. 2 in Austria's post-war army until it was incorporated into the German Wehrmacht in 1938 .
Status and association membership 1914
- XI. Corps - 8th Cavalry Troop Division - 15th Cavalry Brigade
- Nationalities: 61% Czechs - 26% German - 13% others
- Regimental language: Czech and German
Adjustment
Adjustment as a cuirassier regiment
- 1738: White skirt, red lapels
- 1765: White skirt, black equalization , white trousers, white buttons
- 1798: White skirt, black equalization, white trousers, white buttons
- 1850: White skirt, black equalization, light blue patalons, white buttons
As Dragoon Regiment No. 2
- 1868: light blue tunic, black equalization, madder red breeches, white buttons
structure
A regiment was the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually originates from three to four (in the exception more) divisions . (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.
(However, with the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry had already been abandoned.)
The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:
- the 1st division was the colonel division
- the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
- the 3rd division was the majors division
- the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division
In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.
Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Bohemian Dragoon Regiment "Prince of Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )
- see: kuk Dragoons
Regimental music
The parade march at a trot was the "Hunyady March".
Web links
literature
- Allmayer-Beck , Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army. 1848-1914 . Bertelsmann, Munich et al. 1974, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
- Hans Bleckwenn : The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967, pp. 25–53.
- Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 , p. 17 ff.
- Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999, ISBN 978-3-85114-479-6 .
- Liliane Funcken, Fred Funcken: Historical uniforms. Orbis, 2000.
- Collective - guide through historical Presov. Universum, Presov 1997.
- Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. online at google books
- Osprey Military. Issue No. 271, reprint 1999.
- Austrian military history. Special volume 1997, Verlag Stöhr Vienna.
- Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
- Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes. Biblio, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 , p. 152ff.
- Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. Directory of regiment chiefs at the Wrede plant (PDF; 325 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512
- ^ Ticino 1986 vol. 1:40
- ↑ Bleckwenn
- ↑ Hunyady March on YouTube