kuk Uhlan Regiment "Archduke Franz Ferdinand" No. 7

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The namesake of the regiment, Archduke Franz Ferdinand KH

The regiment was a cavalry unit that was established in 1758 as the Dragoon Regiment Jung-Löwenstein for the imperial Habsburg army . From this the Galician Uhlan Regiment "Archduke Franz Ferdinand" No. 7 developed in the course of time up to the Common Army . When a ranking of the cavalry regiments was drawn up in 1769, the association was given the name Cavalry Regiment No. 18 . However, that was not the name of the regiment, as until 1798 these were still named after their respective regiment owners (who did not also have to be the commander). There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (e.g. Count Serbelloni regiment or Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. The name was changed to Dragoon Regiment (light) No. 4 .

From 1848 to 1896 the regiment was called "Uhlan Regiment Archduke Carl Ludwig No. 7" .

The following numbering was subsequently introduced for the system: 1758/1 (to Ticino ), Dragoon Regiment D VI (to Bleckwenn ).

In 1915 all honorary names of the regiments were deleted without replacement, from then on it was only called kuk Uhlan Regiment No. 7 . (However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered that all existing stamps and forms should be used up first.)

As "Löwenstein" dragoon regiment 1759–1781

Formation history

According to the patent dated February 1, 1758, it was set up by Field Marshal Lieutenant Count Löwenstein as the second owner regiment in Vienna. The regiment, which consisted of twelve companies of "light dragoons", was therefore called "Dragoon Regiment Jung - Löwenstein" and was affiliated with the Dragoon Regiment Löwenstein. However, it had its own commander.

  • In 1759 the regiment was increased by a further eight companies on January 14, so that it now consisted of ten squadrons of two companies each. At the same time it was converted into a Chevauxlegers regiment (the first of this type), whereby it was separated from the main regiment by decree of March 22 of the same year. It was now called Chevauxlegers Regiment Graf Löwenstein, since the previous Dragoon Regiment Löwenstein had passed to Field Marshal Lieutenant Saint Ignon.
  • 1761 Determination of the strength of the unit at that of a dragoon regiment (six squadrons and one grenadier company)
  • 1785 Formation of a Uhlan division using a Uhlan squadron from the Chevauxlegers regiment Jung-Modena. The second squadron raised the regiment itself.
  • In 1790/91 this Uhlan Division was transferred to the newly established Uhlan Regiment ( later No. 1 )
  • 1798 Renaming to Dragoon Regiment (light) No. 4
  • 1802 Renaming to Chevauxlegers Regiment No. 2. Allocation of the Majors Division of the disbanded Dragoon Regiment Modena No. 5
  • 1851 Conversion into a Uhlan Regiment with No. 7
  • In 1860 the 4th Division was disbanded and part of the batches were transferred to the newly established Volunteer Uhlan Regiment (later Uhlan Regiment No. 13 ).

additions

  • 1781–1809 from Moravia and Silesia
  • 1809–1857 from Bohemia
  • 1857 from the Lombard-Venetian Kingdom . With the supplementary districts of infantry regiments No. 13 and 45 ( Padua , Verona ).
  • 1860 from Galicia until:
  • 1867 from the districts of infantry regiments No. 15 and No. 55 ( Tarnopol and Brzezany )
  • 1867–1873 from the districts of infantry regiments No. 55 and 80 (Brzezany and Zloczów ).
  • 1873–1889 from the district of Infantry Regiment No. 55.
  • In 1890 the regiment was added to the supplementary district of the XI. Corps (Military Territorial District Lviv ) assigned.

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.

Regimental holder

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1758 Colonel Jacob Graf Choiseul-Stainville
  • 1759 Colonel Carl Freiherr Voith von Salzburg
  • 1765 Colonel Carl Freiherr von Sauer
  • 1773 Colonel Joseph Count Fekete de Galantha
  • 1779 Colonel Joseph Graf Kollonits
  • 1789 Colonel Achaz Pettenegg
  • 1791 Colonel Johann Lajos
  • 1792 Colonel Anton Freiherr von Elsnitz
  • 1796 Colonel Maxmilian Graf Merveldt
  • 1796 Colonel Joseph Graf Nimptsch
  • 1800 Colonel Carl von Provenchéres
  • 1806 Colonel Leopold Freiherr von Ludwigsdorff
  • 1809 Colonel Theophil von Zechmeister
  • 1810 Colonel Matthias Loederer
  • 1812 Colonel Karl Freiherr von Scheibler
  • 1815 Colonel Franz Freiherr von Fichtel
  • 1828 Colonel Philipp Freiherr von. Bechtold
  • 1833 Colonel Hannibal Prince Thurn and Taxis
  • 1840 Colonel Franz Holtsche
  • 1848 Colonel Eduard Freiherr Bersina von Siegenthal
  • 1849 Colonel Gustav Freiherr von Launingen
  • 1853 Colonel Maxmilian von Krapf
  • 1854 Colonel Emerich Prince Thurn and Taxis
  • 1859 Colonel Rudolph Freiherr von Berlichingen
  • 1867 Colonel Dominik Edler von Mainone
  • 1872 Colonel Heino Freiherr von Oeyenhausen
  • 1878 Colonel Wilhelm Gradl
  • 1883 Colonel Julius Freiherr von Boyneburg
  • 1888 Colonel Franz Czeyda
  • 1893 Colonel Stephan Ritter Nachodsky von Neudorf
  • 1899 Colonel Hugo Janoch
  • 1906 Colonel Ferdinand Ritter von Dondorf
  • 1910 Colonel Oskar Mold Edler von Mollheim
  • 1914 Colonel Ernst Primavesi

Mission history

Seven Years War

  • 1758 : Immediately after commissioning, the regiment was relocated to Moravia and led a battle with a Prussian cavalry regiment under the command of Colonel Choiseul near Wisternitz. It captured two silver timpani, which were awarded to him as spoils of war and which the regimental music was allowed to carry with them from then on. The regiment was then involved in the battles near Holitz and Stolpen and in the battle near Hochkirch .
  • 1759 : Fighting in Silesia with a battle near Liebau and participation in the battle near Kunersdorf .
  • 1760 : Detached to Loudon's army , the regiment fought at Landeshut and Liegnitz . Skirmish near Lüben , where a Prussian squadron standing on outposts was wiped out. In September a division fought in battle near Lindewiese.
  • 1761 : First assigned to the army in Saxony , later relocated to Silesia. There a squadron took part in the conquest of Schweidnitz .
  • 1762 : As part of the Reichsarmee, the regiment fought near Teplitz and Freiberg and led several other skirmishes. Colonel Count Kinsky was subsequently decorated with the Military Maria Theresa Order , as was Lieutenant Colonel von Sauer.

War of the Bavarian Succession

  • 1778/79 : Detached to the main army in Bohemia, individual departments fought at Giesshübel and Brüx .

Coalition wars

Regimental commander Colonel Graf J. Nimptsch was awarded the Military Maria Theresa Order for excellent leadership of his unit - especially near Trebbia.

  • 1800 : A squadron took part in the battle near Susa in northern Piedmont . The regiment suffered heavy losses in the battle of Marengo . Fight at Valeggio-Pozzolo.
  • 1801 : Fights near Caldiero and Montecchio-Maggiore.
  • 1805 : Security and patrol services in South Tyrol . A squadron under Rittmeister Franz Freiherr von Esch led a skirmish near Bozen as part of the Rohan brigade. She was later captured near Castelfranco with the rest of the brigade's troops.
  • 1809 : Detached to the VIII Corps in Italy, two divisions of the regiment were deployed in Tyrol. The 1st majors-2nd Squadron was in Dalmatia . Of the divisions used in Italy, the Colonel Division fought under the leadership of the regimental commander Freiherr von Ludwigsdorff, who was seriously wounded, at Pordenone and in the avant-garde battle at Rorai grande. The 2nd Majors Division under Major Lachowski fought with distinction at Sacile. Later temporarily sent to Tyrol as reinforcements, departments helped cover the retreat of Chasteler's corps to Carinthia . Departments fought at St. Veit and Klagenfurt . In mid-June the regiment united with the army of Archduke Johann near Pápa. From the squadrons standing in Tyrol, detachments were deployed at the Laditscher Bridge and at Volano, and later in North Tyrol, half a squadron fought to cover the retreat after the defeat in the battle at Wörgl. A division of the regiment fought in the Battle of Bergisel on May 28th . After the Chasteler Corps withdrew, one squadron remained in South Tyrol and was involved in the repeated battles for Trento . An squadron under Rittmeister Banizza carried out a successful foray into the Belluno area . Of the divisions used in North Tyrol, a platoon under Lieutenant Altmann was involved in the battle near Murnau, and they succeeded in saving Major Martin Teimer's rifle column from destruction. Finally, a detachment under Rittmeister Freiherr von Esch in Vorarlberg , which was joined by a detachment of hunters, was captured near Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate while trying to make its way through Bavaria to Bohemia . Rittmeister P. Chevalier Martyn and First Lieutenant Altmann were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order , and the regiment owner Field Marshal Lieutenant Prince Hohenzollern was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Military Maria Theresa Order.

Campaign to Russia

  • 1812 : In the Auxiliary Corps Schwarzenberg , the regiment fought at Podubnie, Divin, Rudnja and in other skirmishes.

Wars of Liberation

  • 1813 : Three divisions fought with the main army near Dresden , later a division under Lieutenant Colonel Gasser was assigned to the corps of Russian Lieutenant General Thielemann and fought near Merseburg , Altenburg and the capture of Zeitz . Two divisions took part in the battles near Chemnitz , Penning and the Flöha . These were also involved in the battle at Liebertwolk and the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig . (Commanded as gun cover on October 18). Later deployed to enclose Dresden, the regiment finally moved to Italy, where in 1814 it performed patrol and patrol services on the Mincio.

Reign of the Hundred Days

  • 1815 : The regiment was not assigned to the reserve corps formed in Bohemia until July, but was no longer used.

Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 : Some departments participated in the suppression of the uprising in Cracow . In October the Lieutenant Colonel Division was deployed in the army of Field Marshal Prince Windisch-Graetz in the submission of Vienna and then moved to Hungary in the Wyss Brigade of the II Corps. The 1st Majors Division fought in the Simunich corps in the battles near Kosztolna and Jablonitz, as well as the siege and capture of Tyrnau. A detachment of Colonel 1. Eskadron advanced in the fresh iron column in the Waagtal (the other departments initially remained in Galicia).
  • 1849 : The Lieutenant Colonel Division fought at Ipoly-Ságh, Schemnitz, Waitzen and Nagy-Sarló, the detachment of Colonel-1 was also involved in the latter two battles. Squadron involved. The 1st Majors Division made a foray into the upper Waagtal and then took part in the siege of Komorn and Leopoldstadt . In the summer campaign, after the other divisions had been commanded to the theater of war, partly in the Vogl column and partly in that of General Barcó, the regiment was now united in the Benedek Brigade of the IV Corps and fought near Raab, Komorn (2nd and 3rd) July 11), near Szöreg and Temesvár. In the further pursuit of the enemy, six squadrons were sent into the Marostal and captured large provisions and ammunition stores as well as a significant number of guns.

German war

  • 1866 : The regiment was initially assigned to the 3rd Reserve Cavalry Division and commanded within the Rothkirch Brigade to cover the Wildenschwert - Böhmisch Trübau railway line . Later the regiment came to Olomouc as a crew , only smaller detachments carried out insignificant patrol battles.

First World War

During the First World War, the Uhlans fought as a cavalryman in all theaters of war in the east and south-east. (It is currently not known whether they were used as division cavalry in closed regiments or in squadrons .) Like all cavalry regiments, this was ultimately used for infantry.

Whereabouts

Shortly before the end of the war, the majority of the Ruthenian and Polish soldiers followed the call of their interim government to stop the fighting and return to their homeland. Thus the association was withdrawn from its previous high command, the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is currently not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place.

Status and association membership July 1914

  • II Corps - 3rd Cavalry Troop Division - 10th Cavalry Brigade
  • Nationalities: 72% Ruthenians - 22% Poles - 6% various
  • Regimental language: Ruthenian

Adjustment

  • 1758: Dragoon Regiment: green skirt, red lapels, white trousers, white buttons
  • 1759: Chevauxlegers regiment: green skirt, ponceau red leveling
  • 1765: grass green skirt, ponceau red leveling, yellow buttons
  • 1798: Dragoon Regiment No. 4: dark green skirt, scarlet leveling, white buttons
  • 1802: Chevauxlegers Regiment No. 2: white skirt, dark green equalization, yellow buttons
  • 1806: dark green skirt, scarlet equalization, white buttons
  • 1851: Uhlan Regiment No. 7: dark green czapka , dark green ulanka and pantaloons, scarlet equalization, white buttons
  • 1865: green tartare , light blue ulanka and trousers, madder red equalization, white buttons
  • 1868: dark green tartare, light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and boot pants, white buttons
  • 1876: dark green czapka, light blue ulanka, madder red leveling and boot pants, white buttons

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Cavalry usually consisted of three to four (in exceptional cases more) divisions. (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company.

(With the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , however, the company structure within the cavalry had already been abandoned.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was called the 3rd majors division

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced from 1860 to initially three and then to two divisions.

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Dragoon Regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

See also

Commons : Uniforms of the Austrian Cavalry 1762  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Hans Bleckwenn : The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna . In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna . Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time . Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967, pp. 25–53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. The uniforms of the Imperial Army on the Rhine in 1734 . Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 , p. 17ff.
  • Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire . WUV-Univ.Verlag, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85114-479-1 .
  • Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time . C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. online at google books
  • Osprey Military . Issue No. 271, reprint 1999
  • Austrian military history . Special volume 1997 Verlag Stöhr Vienna
  • Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century . 3 volumes, Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 . P. 152ff.
  • Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. Directory of regiment chiefs at the Wrede plant (PDF; 325 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ticino 1986 Volume 1: 40
  2. ↑ Bleckwenn
  3. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512