kuk Dragoon Regiment "Nicholas I Emperor of Russia" No. 5

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In 1888 Tsar Nicholas I was named after

The association was established in 1721 as the Galbes cuirassier regiment for the imperial Habsburg army . From this, the kuk dragoon regiment "Nicholas I Emperor of Russia" No. 5 developed in the course of time up to the joint army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces .

In 1769 the regiment was given the designation Cavalry Regiment No. 14 in the newly established cavalry ranking list . However, the name continued to be after the regiment owner (who did not also have to be the commander) until 1798 . There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (For example the Count Serbelloni regiment - or the Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. At first the name was changed to Cuirassier Regiment No. 9

In 1915, all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on the association was only called Dragoon Regiment No. 5 . (However, this could not be implemented in practice, on the one hand because no one adhered to it, on the other hand because the very thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all remaining forms and stamps be used up first!)

The following numbering was subsequently introduced for the system: 1721/1 (to Ticino ), cuirassier regiment K 6 (after Hans Bleckwenn ).

prehistory

From 1798 to 1801, the then disbanded Modena Regiment , and from 1802 to 1866, the later Dragoon Regiment No. 13 was run as Dragoon Regiment No. 5 .

Formation history

  • With a decree of September 28, 1721, a German cuirassier regiment with 12 ordinary and one carbine company was set up as the cuirassier regiment Galbes from the regiments of the Vasques and Cordova cuirassiers, as well as the Galbes dragoons, which had been taken over from the Spanish-Habsburg service in 1714
  • In 1731 the regiment had to surrender parts of the auction company established in 1727 to the Portugal Cuirassiers Regiment (later Dragoon Regiment No. 9 )
  • In 1768 the Carabinier Company was transferred to the newly established 1st Carabinier Regiment ( Dragoon Regiment No. 3 ), and an squadron from the disbanded Cuirassier Regiment Kleinholdt was taken over
  • 1769–1798 the regiment was ranked number 14 in the cavalry
  • In 1775 the Colonel Division of the disbanded Cuirassier Regiment Thurn was incorporated
  • In 1798 the regiment was named Cuirassier Regiment No. 9
  • In 1802 the name was changed to Cuirassier Regiment No. 5 and the Colonel Division of the dissolved Cuirassier Regiment Anspach No. 11 was assigned
  • In 1867 the regiment was converted into the No. 5 Dragoon Regiment

Supplementary districts

  • From 1789 from Styria and Carinthia
  • 1853 from the military district of Infantry Regiment No. 27 ( Graz )
  • 1857–1860 from Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and the coastal regions or from all supplementary districts of infantry regiments No. 7, 17, 22, 27 and 47 in these provinces
  • 1860–1875 only from the districts of infantry regiments No. 7, 17, 27 ( Klagenfurt , Laibach and Graz)
  • 1875–1882 also from Marburg
  • 1883–1889 again from all districts of these provinces, including the districts of infantry regiments No. 87 and 97 ( Cilli and Trieste ).
  • Since 1889 it was complemented from the area of ​​the III. Corps (Military Territorial District Graz)

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.
  • 1798-1799 Neutra
  • 1801 Vienna (Herzogenburg)
  • 1802 Steinamanger
  • 1803 St. Georgen
  • 1805 (before the campaign) Vienna
  • 1806 Rzeszów
  • 1807 Niedwiecz
  • 1808–1809 Rzeszów - Cracow
  • 1810 Vienna
  • 1811 Ödenburg , then Báth
  • 1812–1813 St. Georgen
  • 1814–1815 Vienna, then St. Georgen
  • 1816 Pardubice
  • 1820 Vienna
  • 1821 Totis
  • 1825 Kecskemét
  • 1829 Vienna
As a cuirassier regiment "O'Donell" 1756–1773

Regimental owner

  • 1721 Field Marshal Lieutenant Emanuel Sylva Conde de Mendoza de Galbes (Cuirassier Regiment Galbes) - This returned the ownership in 1726
  • 1726 Cavalry General Caspar Ferdinand Count Cordova (Count Cordova Cuirassier Regiment)
  • 1756 Field Marshal Lieutenant Carl Claudius Graf O´Donell (Cuirassier Regiment O'Donell)
  • 1773 Field Marshal Lieutenant Jakob Freiherr von Brockhausen (Cuirassier Regiment von Brockhausen)
  • 1779 Major General Nicolaus Freiherr von Haag (Cuirassier Regiment von Haag)
  • 1781 Field Marshal Lieutenant Friedrich August Prince of Nassau-Usingen (Cuirassier Regiment Nassau-Usingen)
  • 1806 Lieutenant Field Marshal Hannibal Marquis Sommariva
  • 1829 Field Marshal Lieutenant Maxmilian Graf Auersperg
  • 1849–1855 Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia
  • 1855 Field Marshal Lieutenant Franz Graf Schaaffgotsch
  • 1866–1875 Lieutenant Field Marshal Alexander Freiherr von Koller

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1721 Colonel Marchese Villanueva de los Torres
  • 1732 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Ascanio Alexander Graf Guadagni, (under judicial investigation since 1728, therefore initially only interim commander)
  • 1737 Colonel Count Botta d´Adorno
  • 1741 Colonel Baron von Koenitz
  • 1744 Colonel Joseph Moriz Count Regas
  • 1751 Colonel Pasqual Count Cebrian
  • 1752 Colonel Johann Anton Count Bettoni
  • 1758 Colonel Jakob Freiherr von Brockhausen
  • 1767 Colonel Marquis De Ville
  • 1769 Colonel Magnus Count O'Donell
  • 1772 Colonel Anton Freiherr von Ravizza
  • 1779 Colonel Emanuel Freiherr von Berlichingen
  • 1780 Colonel Gottlieb Freiherr von Malering
  • 1788 Colonel Johann Freiherr von Risch
  • 1793 Colonel Ferdinand von Bouget
  • 1794 Colonel Franz Chevalier de Valvasor
  • 1799 Colonel Peter Freiherr von Brady
  • 1802 Colonel Anton Kirchner
  • 1805 Colonel Friedrich von Minutillo
  • 1809 Colonel Maxmilian Count Auersperg
  • 1813 Colonel Franz von Seymann
  • 1825 Colonel Christoph Freiherr von Ottilienfeld
  • 1832 Colonel Johann Portenschlag von Ledermayer
  • 1839 Colonel Friedrich Eder von Eichenheim
  • 1847 Colonel Joseph Kisslinger
  • 1849 Colonel Vincenz Freiherr von Minutillo
  • 1852 Colonel Eduard Freiherr Baselli von Süssenburg
  • 1859 Colonel Isidor Chevalier Pronvy de Menil et Flassigny
  • 1866 Colonel Moriz Watzesch von Waldbach
  • 1872 Colonel Franz Freiherr von Meding
  • 1874 Colonel Gustav Freiherr von Dückher
  • 1879 Colonel Johann von Wasmer
  • 1882 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Friedrich Prinz zu Thurn und Taxis
  • 1888 Colonel August Freiherr von Normann
  • 1891 Colonel Hyacinth Edler von Schulheim
  • 1895 Colonel Ludwig Edler von Glolz
  • 1896 Colonel Hans Freiherr von Mandelsloh
  • 1903 Colonel Karl Freiherr von Kirchbach
  • 1904 Colonel Paul Graf Wurmbrand-Struppach
  • 1909 Lieutenant Colonel, (1910 Colonel) Otto Josef Ritter von Berndt
  • 1914 Lieutenant Colonel Moritz Kranz

Battle calendar

→ War of the Polish Succession

→ War of the Austrian Succession

  • 1741 Relocated to the theater of war in Silesia. Participation in the battle of Mollwitz
  • 1742 First deployed in the Lobkowitz Corps in action near Sahaj , then deployed to the siege of Prague
  • 1743 patrol and security services in Bavaria and on the Rhine
  • 1744 retreat to Bohemia. From there transferred to garrison in Vienna
  • 1745 Patrol and security services in the army in Germany
  • 1746 relocation to Italy. No combat activity there

→ Seven Years War

→ War of the Bavarian Succession

  • 1778–1779 Seconded to the main army in Bohemia. No combat activity

→ Russian-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792)

  • 1788 Little combat activity in the association of the main army. Skirmishes with the Turks to prevent them from crossing the Danube and Temes
  • 1789 During the siege of Belgrade

→ Revolutionary War

  • Relocated to the theater of war in the Netherlands in 1793 , the regiment took part in the Battle of Neerwinden, then fought at Valenciennes , later before Quesnoy and Avesnes-le-Sec
  • 1794 Individual departments involved in smaller operations, for example at Sólre-le-Chateau, Rouvroy, Erquelinnes and in the battles near Charleroi
  • 1795, the regiment in the storming of the ramparts of Mainz distinguished, the lieutenant-colonel Division was fighting in Trippstadt involved
  • 1796 Relocated to the Lower Rhine Army, the unit fought near Wetzlar and Friedberg (Hesse) , here the Lieutenant Colonel Division covered the retreat of the infantry . The Colonel 2nd Squadron covered the retreat of the Alcaini Brigade in the battle near Leun (ad Lahn). After that, the regiment fought in the battles near Amberg and Würzburg and then stood at victory
  • 1797 The Colonel Lieutenant-Divisison distinguished himself in the fighting in Hochheim am Main from
  • 1799 The regiment fought at Stockach , then moved with the army in the Switzerland and participated in the Battle of Zurich in part

→ Napoleonic Wars

  • 1800 In this year the regiment fought in the battle of Meßkirch , the battles near Memmingen , Launingen and Nördlingen , as well as the battle of Hohenlinden . On the further retreat, the Colonel Division stood out at the Salza Bridge near Salzburg , the Colonel 2nd Squadron near Neumarkt
  • In 1805 assigned to the Kienmayer Corps, the regiment fought with particular steadfastness in the battle of Austerlitz . Captain Freiherr von Gumpenberg could with him and entrusted to Ulm certain bridge Train without losses Tyrol settle
  • 1809 In the VII. Corps of Archduke Ferdinand, the regiment suffered great losses near Raszyn . Otherwise just a few other smaller promotions

→ Wars of Liberation

  • 1813 Assigned to the main Czech army. On October 16, the regiment rode an attack near Gröbern during the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
  • 1814 With the main army in France. Battles at Troyes, la Ferté, and la Fére-Champenoise

→ Rule of the Hundred Days

  • 1815 Patrol and security services in Germany, without action

→ Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 The Majors Division took part in the fighting on the occasion of the capture of Vienna, the Colonel Division fought near Schwechat
  • 1849 The majors division assigned to the Schlick corps fought near Kápolna and Poroszló . The Colonel Division, which was now on the move near Pest , was involved in a skirmish at Maierhof Kompolt , but was able to repel the attackers with only minor losses of their own. Both divisions then also took part in the Battle of Kápolna, but had little combat activity. The now united regiment fought at Hatvan , Rákos and was then assigned to the siege of Komorn. In the battle near Káty four squadrons carried out an attack, which was supported by an attack by the Lieutenant Colonel 1st Squadron on an enemy battery. During the summer campaign, the regiment was initially at the Waag , where the Colonel first squadron in combat excelled at Zsigárd, and then participated in the battles against Komarno and the fighting in Szöreg and Temesvár part

→ Sardinian war

  • 1859 Patrol and security services in Moravia. No combat activity

→ German war

  • 1866 Four squadrons were assigned to the 2nd Reserve Cavalry Division Zaitsek and fought in the battle of Königgrätz as well as in the outpost battle near Tischnowitz , without, however, being involved in any major action.

→ First World War During the First World War, the cavalry regiments were exposed to a wide variety of uses. Some of them continued to exist in the regimental association, some of them were divided into squadrons by infantry divisions, corps and army staffs as so-called division cavalry . (They provided services there as reconnaissance and reporting riders, as well as security detachments.) Most of the regiments, however, soon had to surrender the horses (if they still had any) and were then used by infantry.

On the eve of the World War, the regiment consisted of active members: 49 officers and 1,139 men as well as 76 officers and 1,027 service horses. The regiment was used as division cavalry for the III. Corps determined, with each of the three infantry divisions of the corps were assigned 2 squadrons. The 5th and 6th squadrons were attached to Division II under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Ernst Graf Thurn-Valessina. The second division was assigned the Serbia , Montenegro and Russia area as the primary operational area .

Whereabouts

After the proclamation of the Kingdom of Croats, Serbs and Slovenes as an independent state in October 1918, the non-German soldiers were called upon by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was followed by the regiment's crew, which at the time was mostly Slovenian. Displaced to Marburg in 1918, it remained in the local cavalry barracks until 1920. In that year it was dissolved and the remaining parts marched on to Graz. In Graz, the 5th squadron of the first federal army was formed from the remnants of the regiment.

From the war report of the 6th Squadron (summer 1917)

“Around noon, the opponent's resistance was broken by the attack of our troops and he withdrew. Wimmersberg, who was observing the battle with his patrol on the heights south of Krasna, did not miss the opportunity when he saw the Russian crumbling near Krasna and pursued the enemy sharply. 38 men, 40 rifles, 1 lance, 1 trumpet and 1 binoculars were his prey. At the next village, Ldziany, he almost succeeded in intercepting a whole regimental music, but he had to abandon it because of the strong fire. His horse was shot through the base of the tail. The 6th Squadron lost two dead and one wounded horse that day, and two dragoons were slightly injured in a shootout the previous night. Dragoon Ocffekt stood out from the rest of the crew by delivering the command entrusted to him to the destination in good time, despite the fact that the horse had been shot under him, thereby saving a battalion from threatening encirclement. "

Loss of the regiment in the world war

The status reservations fell into the hands of the Yugoslavs after the end of the war, so the team losses can only be approximately determined. About 250 men are believed to have been killed and 800 wounded. The officers' corps lost 11 dead and 25 wounded, and 8 officers were taken prisoner.

Awards

The team's awards can no longer be traced for the reasons given above. What is certain is that two dragoons received the gold medal for valor and a large number of dragoons received other awards for valor. However, only the officers' awards could be determined exactly:

Adjustment of the regiment

  • Cuirassier Regiment
1738: white skirt, red lapels
1765 white skirt, light blue equalization , white trousers, white buttons
  • Cuirassier Regiment No. 9, from 1802 No. 5
1798: white skirt, light blue equalization, white trousers, white buttons
1850: white tunic , light blue equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
  • Dragoon Regiment No. 5
1868: light blue tunic, imperial yellow equalization, madder red ankle trousers, white buttons

structure

A regiment was the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually originates from three to four (in the exception more) divisions . (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.

During the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry had already been abandoned.

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Bohemian Dragoon Regiment "Prince of Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

Association membership and status in July 1914

  • III. Corps - 2nd Cavalry Troop Division - 3rd Cavalry Brigade
  • Nationalities: 51% Slovenes - 44% German - 5% others
  • Regimental languages: Slovenian and German

See also

Commons : Uniforms of the Austrian Cavalry 1762  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

  • Allmayer-Beck , Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army. 1848-1914 . Bertelsmann, Munich et al. 1974, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
  • Hans Bleckwenn : The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967, pp. 25–53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979. ISBN 3-88379-125-3 ; P. 17ff.
  • Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999, ISBN 978-3-85114-479-6 .
  • Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. online at google books
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes. Biblio, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 . P. 152ff.
  • Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht . The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. Directory of regiment chiefs at the Wrede plant (PDF; 325 kB)
  • Otto Josef Ritter von Berndt: The 5-er Dragoons in World War 1914–1918. Pressure and Major Paul Kaltschmid publisher, Vienna 1940

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tessin 1986 Volume 1, p. 40.
  2. ↑ Quote from Die 5er Dragoons in World War 1914-1918, p. 178.
  3. ↑ Ulrike Weiss: The riders of Graz. Vehling Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-85333-117-3 , p. 170.