Imperial and Royal Hussar Regiment "Kaiser" No. 1

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Hussar of the 1st regiment around 1814

The hussar regiment "Kaiser" No. 1 was set up as the Austro-Habsburg cavalry association. The unit then existed in the Austro-Hungarian or Joint Army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces until it was dissolved in 1918.

Emblem of the regiment

When a cavalry ranking was drawn up in 1769, the association was given the name Cavalry Regiment No. 2 .

With the very highest command letter of November 30th, 1898, the regiment was awarded a gold owner anniversary medal. This was to be attached to a silver trumpet of honor. The front of the medal shows the portrait of Emperor Franz Joseph I in the owner's uniform, the inscription "Franz Joseph I" and the coat of arms with a crown. The reverse contained the dedication: "The owner of his Hussar Regiment No. 1, 1848 to 1898". The trumpet of honor was decorated with gold-plated relief decorations and an embroidered gold fabric curtain.

All honorary names of the regiments were deleted without replacement in 1915. From then on the regiment was only to be called "Hussar Regiment No. 1". (However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered that all existing stamps and forms be used up first.)

Lineup

In 1756, Emperor Franz I set up a hussar regiment on his property in Holitsch in Neutra County with his own funds, which was initially run as "The emperor's newly established Hollitscher Hussar regiment".

After the beginning of the Seven Years' War , the regiment was inspected by the emperor in 1757 before it marched out to Bohemia and was awarded its standard . From then on, the unit was called "Kaiser Hussars"

In 1768 the regiment was reinforced by a squadron of the disbanded "Hadik Hussar Regiment" and received the ranking list number 2 of the entire cavalry in the following year.

In 1775 the Colonel Division of the dissolved Török Hussar Regiment was incorporated.

In 1798 the 4th Division (one division consisted of two squadrons) had to be handed over to the newly established Hussar Regiment No. 5 , at the same time the Emperor Hussars were assigned Tribe No. 1.

After the political unrest and uprisings in Hungary in 1849, the regiment in Prossnitz / Moravia was completely reorganized. In 1860 the re-established 4th Division was disbanded and the personnel distributed to the regiment. Four corporals and 20 hussars went to Volunteer Hussar Regiment No. 1.

additions

The regiment was made up of the following military districts:

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.

Regimental owner

Second owner

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1756 Colonel Count Almásy
  • 1763 Colonel Baron von Kiss
  • 1773 Colonel Rappolt
  • 1774 Colonel Vécsey Freiherr von Hainácskö
  • 1783 Lieutenant Colonel von Fabry
  • 1784 Colonel Mészáros de Szoboszló
  • 1789 Colonel Baron von Blascovich
  • 1794 Colonel Nagy von Felsö-Eör
  • 1798 Colonel Count Keglevich
  • 1799 Colonel von Keßler
  • 1805 Colonel Freiherr von Graffen
  • 1805 Colonel Count Neipperg
  • 1809 Colonel Baron von Szent-György
  • 1812 Colonel von Jünger
  • 1815 Colonel von Legeditsch
  • 1828 Colonel von Derra
  • 1833 Colonel Baron von Wachenheim
  • 1846 Colonel Count Castiglione
  • 1847 Colonel Archduke Franz Joseph (2nd Colonel)
  • 1849 Colonel Count Pálffy from Erdöd
  • 1854 Colonel Count Schaaffgotsche
  • 1859 Colonel von Bakalovich
  • 1860 Colonel von Tóth
  • 1866 Colonel Rigyitsky von Skrbestje
  • 1869 Colonel Erös von Bethlenfalva
  • 1874 Colonel von Mehlem
  • 1874 Colonel Merlot
  • 1875 Colonel Wussin
  • 1878 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Dreihann Freiherr von Sulzberg am Steinhof
  • 1879 Colonel Ritter von Baccarcich
  • 1884 Colonel Wilhelm Hereditary Prince of Nassau
  • 1888 Colonel Farkas von Felsö-Eör
  • 1894 Colonel Turkovich
  • 1895 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Littke
  • 1903 Colonel Ernst Freiherr Unterrichter v. Rechtenthal
  • 1907 Colonel Artur Ritter Peteani von Steinberg
  • 1911 Colonel Viktor von Mouillard

Battle calendar

Seven Years War

coalition wars

  • 1792 Skirmishes near Windisch-Borna, Fürstenau and Peilau
  • 1793 fighting in Galicia , siege of Chotin , then in the Netherlands and northern France. Skirmishes at Avesnes-le-Sec
  • 1794 battles at Catillon, Erquelinnes, Charleroi and Fleurus, while retreating there were battles on the Rur .
  • 1794 Skirmishes at Valje-Szaka, Foksani and Martinestie
  • 1795 battles near Ilbesheim and Kreuznach , 2nd majors division near Bacharach
  • 1796 parts of the regiment fought near Amberg , Würzburg , Aschaffenburg and on the Lahn .
  • 1799 battles in Italy, near Ostrach, Liptingen and Stockach, later relocation to the Upper Rhine, outpost battles near Neumühl , Unter-Grombach and Wiesloch
  • 1800 battles around Ulm , later in the Upper Palatinate , the unit suffered great losses in the battle near Abbach.
  • 1805 retreat to the Inn and on to Hungary . Relocation to Moravia and participation in the battle near Austerlitz and the battle near Kostel.
  • 1809 During the campaign in Poland , the regiment belonged to the VII Corps.

Campaign to Russia

  • 1812 Three divisions of the association were assigned to the so-called auxiliary corps of Prince Schwarzenberg .
Hussars in equestrian combat (Battle of the Nations near Leipzig)

Wars of Liberation

  • 1813 in the main army in Bohemia and Saxony, battles near Wüst-Olbersdorf, Reichenberg , Kratzau, battle near Leipzig , and attack on Hochheim.
  • In 1814 the regiment belonged to the Southern Army and was involved in outpost battles at Meximieux, Macon and St. Julien.
  • 1815 with the siege army around Strasbourg and around Hüningen . Battle near Hausbergen

Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • In 1848/49 the hussars took part in the Hungarian uprising and fought against the imperial troops and their allies.
  • In 1849 the regiment , which had been dissolved due to mutiny , was reorganized.

Sardinian war

  • In 1859 during the campaign against Italy divided between VII and VIII Corps. Participation in battles at Casale, Vercelli, Castenedolo, Varese and the Battle of Magenta . An Escadron fought at Solferino .

Third Italian War of Independence

First World War

  • The regiment initially fought in a closed unit in the east and south-east before being divided up as divisional cavalry . Parts of the unit were last dismounted and used as cavalry marksmen.

Whereabouts

After Hungary was proclaimed as an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Hungarian descent were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was followed. Thus the association was withdrawn from its previous high command, the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is currently not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place.

Affiliation and status in July 1914

VII Corps - 3rd Cavalry Troop Division - 17th Cavalry Brigade
Nationalities: 85% Magyars - 15% others
Garrison: Vienna
Commanding officer: Colonel Viktor von Mouillard
Regimental language: Hungarian
Uniform: Dark blue Attila with yellow olives (buttons) and dark blue shako cover .
Replacement squad - Nagy-várad
Uniform until 1916

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Cavalry usually consisted of three to four (in exceptional cases more) divisions. (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.

(During the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry was abandoned.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Until 1798, the regiments were named after their respective owners (who did not also have to be the commanders). There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (For example the Count Serbelloni regiment - or the Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name. After 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. Due to this constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Dragoon Regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

See also

Commons : Uniforms of the Austrian Cavalry 1762  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512
  2. However, writing of the kuk Militäradministratur to 1918 since the spelling reform of 1996 as Field Marshal Lieutenant referred

literature

  • Alphons Freiherr von Wrede: History of the KuK Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. 5 volumes. Seidel, Vienna 1898–1905.
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • BM Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999.
  • Allmayer-Beck , Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army. 1848-1914 . Bertelsmann, Munich et al. 1974, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .