kuk Uhlan regiment "Ritter von Brudermann" No. 1

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The association was established in 1791 as the "Uhlan Regiment" for the imperial Habsburg army. From this the Uhlan Regiment "Ritter von Brudermann" No. 1 developed over the course of time up to the Joint Army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces

Rider of the regiment around 1830
Riding school of the regiment in the Leopoldstadt barracks around 1850

Until 1798 the regiments were named after the regiment owner (who did not have to be the commander). A binding regulation of the spelling did not exist (e.g. Regiment Graf Serbelloni - or Regiment Serbelloni). With each change of ownership, the affected regiment changed its name.

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. At first the name was changed to Cürassier Regiment No. 10.

From 1894 to 1906 the unit was called "Uhlan Regiment Archduke Otto No. 1"

In 1915, all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the association was only called Uhlan Regiment No. 1 (this could not be enforced in practice, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand because the very thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all existing forms and stamps be used up first!)

Formation history

  • On November 1, 1791, the regiment was set up with a strength of four divisions. In addition, the Chevauxlegers regiments "Kaiser", "Karaiczay", "Lobkowitz" and "Levenehr" (the latter dissolved in 1860 as Dragoon Regiment No. 4 ) had to surrender their Uhlan divisions.
  • 1798 Allocation of No. 1 as a Uhlan Regiment
  • 1801 a strain on officers and men of the newly built was Lancers no. 3 issued
  • In 1809 the cavalry (Uhlans) was incorporated into the Frankish Legion
  • 1860 The 4th Division, which had become redundant after the cavalry had been reorganized, was transferred to the newly established Volunteer Uhlan Regiment (later Count Trani No. 13 ).

additions

The regiment has been recruited from Galicia since it was established

  • 1853: Addition from the area of ​​Infantry Regiment No. 56 ( Wadowice )
  • 1857–60: Addition from the districts of infantry regiments No. 20 and 56 ( Neu-Sandez and Wadowice)
  • 1867–89: Supplement from the districts of infantry regiments No. 13 and 56 ( Cracow and Wadowice).
  • From 1890, the regiment was assigned to the area of ​​the 1st Corps (Military Territorial District Krakow) with the addition

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.

Regimental owner

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1791 Colonel Anton Freiherr von Schubirz
  • 1796 Colonel Ezekiel von Mattyásovszky
  • 1798 Colonel Achilles of Brea
  • 1800 Colonel Ludwig Graf Wallmoden - Gimborn
  • 1807 Colonel Joseph Freiherr von Bogdan
  • 1809 Colonel Ludwig Freiherr von Wilgenheim
  • 1814 Colonel Bartholomew Count Alberti de Poja
  • 1819 Colonel Wilhelm Freiherr von Hammerstein-Ecquord
  • 1823 Colonel Friedrich Anton Prince Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  • 1831 Colonel Cornelius Freiherr von Dankelmann
  • 1838 Colonel Adolph von Mengen
  • 1845 Colonel Carl von Almásy
  • 1849 Colonel Hermann Graf Nostitz-Rieneck
  • 1851 Colonel Wilhelm Freiherr von Koller
  • 1858 Colonel Adolph von Mengen
  • 1865 Colonel Friedrich Ziegler von Klipphausen
  • 1869 Colonel Eduard Freiherr Fleissner von Wostrowitz
  • 1870 Colonel Alexander Count Kálnoky de Köröspatak
  • 1874 Colonel Carl Freiherr von Lasollaye
  • 1878 Lieutenant Colonel Rudolph Graf Grünne
  • 1878 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Franz Kunz
  • 1882 Colonel Otto Freiherr von Gemmingen-Guttenberg
  • 1887 Lieutenant Colonel Albert Graf Nostitz-Rieneck
  • 1892 Colonel Carl Freiherr Dlauhovesky von Langendorf
  • 1898 Colonel Oscar Count Ludolf
  • 1903–1907 Colonel Emil Swoboda
  • 1909–1912 Colonel Eugen Chevalier Ruiz de Roxas
  • 1913–1914 Colonel Friedrich Weiss von Schleusenburg

Battle calendar

Commemorative plaque in the Capuchin Church in Vienna

→ coalition wars

  • 1794 Used in the theater of war in Italy
  • 1795 divisions of the regiment fought near Savona and San Giacomo, where Rittmeister Brochowsky acquired the Maria Theresa Order . Fight at Voltri and Loano
  • 1796 Six squadrons fought at Voltri, Milessimo, Codogno and Lodi. There Rittmeister von Domokos covered the retreat of the Corps Sebottendorf with the Lieutenant Colonel - 2nd Squadron and acquired the Maria Theresa Order. After the fighting at the beginning of August, two squadrons joined the Davidivich corps, the rest joined the main army. The latter then fought at Calliano, Bassano, Castellaro and la Favorita and were pushed with the rest of Wurmser's troops into the fortress of Mantua, in whose defense they were involved. The 2nd Majors Division fought at Caldiero, Arcole and Rivoli .
  • 1797 After the surrender of Mantua , the six squadrons who had been deployed there moved to the hereditary lands. The 2nd Majors Division withdrew to Carinthia and had no combat activity. After the armistice, a squadron was used to occupy Dalmatia .
  • In 1799, commanded back to Germany, the regiment fought in the Battle of Ostrach . Later it was detached to the Sztáray Corps, which remained on the Middle Rhine, where it performed patrol and patrol duty. The regiment was involved in the defense of the post at Kehl .
  • 1800 fighting at Möskirch, Biberach , Schwabmünchen , in the battle at Neresheim and at Odelzhausen. In June, Lieutenant Colonel Wallmoden went on a foray into the Murg and Kinzig valleys . In late autumn the regiment was near Regensburg , from where departments made various forays, for example under Rittmeister Karl Wilhelm von Scheibler , whose department was involved in a skirmish with a French cuirassier regiment near Oettingen in Bavaria .
  • 1805 Six squadrons were in the Kienmayer Corps in Germany. The Lieutenant Colonel Division belonged to the reserve corps, joined Archduke Ferdinand's corps after the battle of Ulm and fought in the battle near Stecken. On the withdrawal of the corps (now corps Merveldt) to Upper Steyer to Captain Freiherr-battalions of infantry drew of sets with a detachierten squadron in the liberation of two already cut the rearguard especially from what it the Military Maria Theresa Order awarded has been. Rittmeister Scheibler, who had distinguished himself by evacuating an enemy post in Urfahr during his retreat, was promoted out of turn to major in the Rosenberg-Chevauxlegers regiment.
  • 1809 Assigned to the II. Corps Kolowrat in Germany. Here Major Graf Mensdorff stood out in the battle of the avant-garde near Ursensollen- Amberg . Divisions of the regiment took part in the capture of the city of Hof and the fighting near Regensburg . Here on April 21, a squadron was surrounded by French cavalry , but was able to free itself from the encirclement, albeit with heavy losses. Later six squadrons came to the Sommariva division, where they took part in various skirmishes and made raids. In July he was moved to Bohemia , where the 1st Majors Division was already located. This had already taken part in the operations against Saxony, the battles near Gefrees, Nuremberg and other battles. Lieutenant Colonel Mensdorff was awarded the Military Maria Theresa Order , Rittmeister Mengen out of turn was promoted to major in Uhlan Regiment No. 3.

→ Wars of Liberation

  • In 1813 the regiment with three divisions was in Inner Austria. Two divisions were involved in the defense of Loibl, and divisions of the Lieutenant Colonel Division at Feistritz, Lippa and Krainberg. During the further advance to Italy, divisions fought at Bassano del Grappa and San Marco; two squadrons stood in front of Palmannova.
  • In 1814 the regiment was spread around Mantua as far as the Po and carried out several skirmishes. At Volta, Lieutenant Fausch managed to free a company of the 10th Feldjäger Battalion that had already been cut off . A squadron was involved in the battle near Monzambano.

→ Rule of the Hundred Days

→ Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 The regiment was involved in the suppression of the uprising in Prague and then moved under Field Marshal Prince Windisch-Graetz to subjugate Vienna, where it fought in the battle near Schwechat . During the advance to Hungary , the Lieutenant Colonel Division fought at Bábolna.
  • In 1849 divisions took part in the battles at Waitzen and Schemnitz, as well as in the Battle of Kápolna, in which the 2nd Majors Division distinguished itself. Skirmishes at Kál and Eger farms. A patrol command under Colonel Almásy was ambushed near Losoncz and suffered great losses. One division fought at Hatvan and Puszta-Csem ( Komorn ). In the summer campaign 5½ squadrons stood partly at Komorn, partly at the Waag and took part in the battles at Vásárút, Böös, Aszód, and the battle at Pered. Then they came to the siege of Komorn, where they stayed until the end of the campaign. In the battle near Puszta-Herkály on August 3, the regiment, under the command of Count Nostitz, covered the retreat of three battalions and the entire artillery. It suffered heavy losses in the process. Half a squadron was involved in the campaign of the southern army under Banus Joseph Jelačić von Bužim , the 1st majors division moved from Bohemia to Hungary in June and was assigned to the Russian division Paniutine.

→ Sardinian war

  • In 1859 the regiment was in Italy, individual departments led outposts and patrol services. Skirmishes at Borgo Vercelli and Novara . At the Battle of Magenta , the regiment was only used with the 4th Squadron. In the Battle of Solferino , the unit fought with distinction.

→ German war

  • 1866 Five squadrons were with the troops under Field Marshal Lieutenant Rzikowsky on the Galician-Prussian border on the outpost duty. In the battle at Auschwitz , the 4th and 5th Squadrons distinguished themselves. The 6th Squadron fought at Kenty , Dziedzitz , Goczalkowice and in the pursuit of the Klapka Legion.

→ First World War

During the First World War, the regiment was initially used as a cavalry force as a closed unit. In particular, the regiment stood out in the cavalry battle near Jaroslawice on August 21, 1914. Since the 4th Cavalry Troop Division, to which the regiment belonged, was to remain as a cavalry unit, it can be assumed, regardless of any interim infantry operations, that the regiment was able to maintain its cavalry status until the end of the war.

Whereabouts

After Poland was proclaimed an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Polish and Ruthenian descent were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was followed. Thus the association was withdrawn from its previous high command, the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry, and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is currently not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place, or whether the Uhlans were immediately incorporated into the new Polish army.

Affiliation and composition August 1914

  • XI. Corps - 4th Cavalry Troop Division - 21st Cavalry Brigade
  • Nationalities: 85% Polish - 15% Various
  • Regimental language: Polish

Adjustment

  • 1790: yellow czapka , grass green kurtka, ponceau red leveling , white tight trousers, yellow buttons
  • 1798: Imperial yellow czapka, dark green kurtka and trousers, ponceau red leveling, yellow buttons
  • 1865: yellow tartare, light blue ulanka and trousers, madder red equalization, yellow buttons
  • 1868: Imperial yellow Tatarka, light blue Ulanka, madder red ankle trousers and leveling, yellow buttons
  • 1876: Imperial yellow czapka, light blue ulanka , madder red leveling and boot pants, yellow buttons

structure

A regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Cavalry usually consisted of three to four (in exceptional cases more) divisions. (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons . The number of riders in the individual sub-units varied, but was usually around 160 riders per squadron.

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Dragoon Regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512

literature

  • Obstlt. Alphons Frhr. v. Wrede: History of the KuK Wehrmacht from 1618 to the end of the XIX century Vienna 1898–1905.
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • BM Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999.
  • Allmayer-Beck / Lessing: The Austro-Hungarian Army 1848–1914. Bertelsmann, Munich 1974.
  • György Ságvári: The Book of the Hussars. Magyar Könyvklub, Budapest 1999.
  • Osprey Military. Men-at-arms Series No. 329.