kuk Dragoon Regiment "Kaiser Franz I." No. 1
The association was set up as the "Second Carabinier Regiment Althan" in the Austro-Habsburg Army and still existed as the Dragoon Regiment " Kaiser Franz I. " No. 1 in the kk or joint army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces until the end of the First world war.
Until 1798, the regiments were named after their respective regiment owners (who did not also have to be the commander). There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (e.g. Count Serbelloni regiment - or Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.
After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. Here the name was changed to Cuirassier Regiment No. 1
The last name used had been assigned to the regiment for ever , nevertheless in 1915 all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the association was only called Dragoon Regiment No. 1 (this could not be enforced in practice, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand because the very thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all existing forms and stamps be used up first!) .
Associations with the same name
- From 1798 to 1802 the later Uhlan Regiment No. 6 led the designation Dragoon Regiment No. 1.
- From 1802 to 1860 the later Dragoon Regiment No. 9 was known as Dragoon Regiment No. 1.
- From 1860 to 1867 the later Dragoon Regiment No. 13 was called Dragoon Regiment No. 1.
Formation history
- On November 1, 1768 the regiment was made up of the carbine companies of the cuirassier regiments Trautmannsdorff , Caramelli (No. 2) , de Ville , Carl Pálffy , the Grenadier - companies of the dragoons regiments Savoy (No. 13) , Batthyány (No. 10) , Liechtenstein , Hessen-Darmstadt , Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Kolowrat , Jung-Modena , Bettoni and the staff of the disbanded Cuirassier Regiment Kleinholt as the "Second Carabinier Regiment Althann" set up in Ödenburg .
- 1798 Conversion to Cuirassier Regiment No. 1
- 1802, the regiment received the Colonel's Division of the dissolved Cuirassier Regiment Anspach no. 11 allocated
- In 1867 the regiment was converted into a dragoon regiment while maintaining the number 1.
Supplementary districts
- As a carabinier regiment, personnel replacement was ensured by levies from the regiments Caramelli , Carl Pálffy , Trautmannsdorf , Savoy , Batthyányi , Liechtenstein , Hessen-Darmstadt , Württemberg , Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Jung-Modena and Kolowrat .
- 1781–1799: All military districts from the German-speaking area of the monarchy
- from 1799: from all over Bohemia
- 1853: from the advertising area of Infantry Regiment No. 18, from 1857 to 1860 also from that of Infantry Regiment No. 36 ( Königgrätz , Jung-Bunzlau ).
- 1860-68 additionally from the military district of infantry regiment No. 74 ( Jitschin )
- 1883–89 from the military districts of infantry regiments No. 18, 21, and 98 (Königgrätz, Tschaslau , Hohenmauth )
- From 1889 from the area of the IX. Corps ( Josephstadt and Leitmeritz ).
Peace garrisons
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Regimental owner
- 1768 Major General Michael Graf Althann (Carabinier Regiment Althann No. 2)
- 1770 Archduke Franz , Hereditary Prince v. Tuscany, since 1790 Crown Prince Franz
- 1792 Emperor Franz II.
- 1798 Change of name to Cuirassier Regiment No. 1
- 1806 Emperor Franz I (after resigning the imperial dignity of the Holy Roman Empire , Emperor of Austria)
- 1835 Emperor Ferdinand I.
- 1848 Emperor Franz Joseph
- In 1888 the regiment was named "Kaiser Franz"
Regimental Commanders
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Battle calendar
- In 1778 the regiment was part of the army in Bohemia . The Chevauxlegers division fought near Arnau
- 1779 Battles of the Chevauxlegers division near Wartha.
- 1793 fighting on the Upper Rhine . Parts of the regiment in battles in front of Landau . Capture of the Weissenburger lines. The Chevaulegers division was meanwhile seconded to the Netherlands and fought in the capture of Huy , Tirlemont , Neerwind , Saultain, Menin and Orchies.
- 1794 A detachment was involved in the battle of Kaiserslautern , the Chevauxlegers division fought off Landrecies and Tournai .
- 1795 Fighting in front of the fortress of Mainz , a division leads a battle near Trippstadt .
- 1796 Battle of Würzburg , the Chevauxlegers division was used in the battles near Kuppenheim and Neuburg
- 1797 Only the Chevauxlegers division in a battle near Frankfurt am Main
- 1799 Fighting in front of Mannheim , parts of the regiment in action near Knittlingen and Wiesloch .
- 1800 After the battle of Biberach, retreat battles near Eichen and Gutenzell. Battle of Hohenlinden , rearguard battle near Salzburg
- 1805 Three divisions took part in the Battle of Austerlitz , fighting in retreat with the 3rd division covering the imperial court camp
- 1809 Assigned to the II Reserve Corps. Battle of Eggmühl , Battle of Aspern , Battle of Wagram and Battle of Znaim
- 1813 First two divisions in the battle of Dresden , then the whole regiment in battle near Liebertwolkwitz and the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
- 1814 fighting at Troyes , la Ferté and Fére-Champenoise.
- 1815 Patrol and security services without combat activity in France
Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire
- 1848 A squadron was used to suppress the unrest in Prague. The Lieutenant Colonel Division fought under Field Marshal Windisch-Graetz and took part in the capture of Vienna.
- From 1849 until the beginning of the summer campaign, the unit stood in Vienna, then fought in Hungary against the troops of the secession government near Szered , Pered (Tešedíkovo), in both battles near Komorn , then near Szöreg and Temesvár . Of the two other divisions remaining in Bohemia, one was deployed to the siege of Komorn in September.
- 1866 Four squadrons fought with the Northern Army in the battle of Königgrätz . Parts of the regiment fought at Tischnowitz .
During the First World War, the cavalry regiments were exposed to a wide variety of uses. Some of them continued to exist in the regimental association, some of them were divided into squadrons by infantry divisions, corps and army staffs as so-called division cavalry . (They provided services there as reconnaissance and reporting riders, as well as security detachments.) Most of the regiments, however, soon had to surrender the horses (if they still had any) and were then used by infantry. The regiments of the 4th Cavalry Troop Division were excluded from this.
Whereabouts
After the heavy loss of personnel and horses in the fighting against Russia at the beginning of the war, the regiment was disbanded in 1915. Together with the remains of other cavalry regiments, the former Dragoon Regiment No. 1 formed the newly established Cavalry Rifle Regiment No. 9.
Association membership and status in July 1914
- IX. Corps - 5th Cavalry Troop Division - 9th Cavalry Brigade
- Nationalities: 48% Czechs - 46% German - 6% others
- Regimental language: Czech and German
Uniforms of the regiment
- 1768 adjustment as a Carabinier Regiment:
- white skirt, pompadour red leveling , white pants and buttons
- 1798 as cuirassier regiment:
- white skirt, pompadour red leveling, white pants and buttons
- 1850 white tunic, dark red equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
- 1868 as a dragoon regiment:
- Light blue tunic , dark red equalization, madder red ankle pants, white buttons
structure
A regiment was the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually originates from three to four (in the exception more) divisions . (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.
(During the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry was abandoned.)
The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:
- the 1st division was the colonel division
- the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
- the 3rd division was the majors division
- the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
- the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division
Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: kuk dragoon regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )
In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.
- see: kuk Dragoons
literature
- Collective - guide through historical Presov, UNIVERSUM Presov publishing house, 1997
- L. and F. Funcken, Historical Uniforms, ORBIS Verlag, 2000
- Osprey Military, No. 271, Reprint 1999
- Allmayer-Beck , Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army. 1848-1914 . Bertelsmann, Munich et al. 1974, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
- Hans Bleckwenn : The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1967. pp. 25–53.
- Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 , p. 17 ff.
- Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854 ( books.google.it ).
- Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
- Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes; Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 . P. 152 ff.
- Gustav Amon von Treuenfels: History of the kk dragoon regiment Alfred Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz No. 14. Vienna 1886.
- Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry , Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. ( Directory of regiment chiefs in the Wrede plant PDF; 325 kB).
Individual evidence
- ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512