kuk Dragoon Regiment "Kaiser Franz I." No. 1

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The namesake, Emperor Franz I, still as Archduke

The association was set up as the "Second Carabinier Regiment Althan" in the Austro-Habsburg Army and still existed as the Dragoon Regiment " Kaiser Franz I. " No. 1 in the kk or joint army within the Austro-Hungarian Land Forces until the end of the First world war.

Until 1798, the regiments were named after their respective regiment owners (who did not also have to be the commander). There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (e.g. Count Serbelloni regiment - or Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. Here the name was changed to Cuirassier Regiment No. 1

The last name used had been assigned to the regiment for ever , nevertheless in 1915 all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the association was only called Dragoon Regiment No. 1 (this could not be enforced in practice, on the one hand because nobody adhered to it, on the other hand because the very thrifty Austro-Hungarian military administration had ordered that all existing forms and stamps be used up first!) .

Associations with the same name

Formation history

  • On November 1, 1768 the regiment was made up of the carbine companies of the cuirassier regiments Trautmannsdorff , Caramelli (No. 2) , de Ville , Carl Pálffy , the Grenadier - companies of the dragoons regiments Savoy (No. 13) , Batthyány (No. 10) , Liechtenstein , Hessen-Darmstadt , Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Kolowrat , Jung-Modena , Bettoni and the staff of the disbanded Cuirassier Regiment Kleinholt as the "Second Carabinier Regiment Althann" set up in Ödenburg .
  • 1798 Conversion to Cuirassier Regiment No. 1
  • 1802, the regiment received the Colonel's Division of the dissolved Cuirassier Regiment Anspach no. 11 allocated
  • In 1867 the regiment was converted into a dragoon regiment while maintaining the number 1.

Supplementary districts

  • As a carabinier regiment, personnel replacement was ensured by levies from the regiments Caramelli , Carl Pálffy , Trautmannsdorf , Savoy , Batthyányi , Liechtenstein , Hessen-Darmstadt , Württemberg , Pfalz-Zweibrücken , Jung-Modena and Kolowrat .
  • 1781–1799: All military districts from the German-speaking area of ​​the monarchy
  • from 1799: from all over Bohemia
  • 1853: from the advertising area of ​​Infantry Regiment No. 18, from 1857 to 1860 also from that of Infantry Regiment No. 36 ( Königgrätz , Jung-Bunzlau ).
  • 1860-68 additionally from the military district of infantry regiment No. 74 ( Jitschin )
  • 1883–89 from the military districts of infantry regiments No. 18, 21, and 98 (Königgrätz, Tschaslau , Hohenmauth )
  • From 1889 from the area of ​​the IX. Corps ( Josephstadt and Leitmeritz ).
Cavalry barracks in Brüx

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.
Entry of the regiment in Pardubice

Regimental owner

Regimental Commanders

I. II. III.
  • 1768 Colonel Ferdinand Graf Tige
  • 1773 Colonel Moriz Count Kavanagh
  • 1783 Colonel Siegfried Freiherr von Kospóth
  • 1790 Colonel Rudolf Freiherr von Kölbel
  • 1795 Colonel Eugene of Monroe
  • 1797 Colonel Conrad Weber
  • 1800 Colonel Carl Freiherr von Favier du Noyer
  • 1805 Colonel Wilhelm von Motzen
  • 1809 Colonel Franz Graf Desfours
  • 1813 Colonel Carl von Wibbeking
  • 1819 Colonel Emanuel Freiherr von Bretfeld zu Kronenburg
  • 1827 Colonel Egydius Freiherr von Taxis
  • 1831 Colonel Franz Freiherr von Esch
  • 1838 Colonel Joseph von Filo
  • 1845 Colonel Wilhelm Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
  • 1849 Colonel Arthur Graf Segur – Cabannac
  • 1850 Colonel Felix Freiherr von Brüsselle
  • 1855 Colonel Carl Johann von Nostitz – Drzewiecki
  • 1861 Lieutenant Colonel Hermann Freiherr von Ramberg
  • 1862 Colonel Joseph Kraus
  • 1863 Colonel Guido Villata von Vilatburg
  • 1868 Colonel Ludwig Ritter von Müller
  • 1875 Colonel Julius Ritter Neumann von Spallart
  • 1880 Colonel Alexander von Szilley
  • 1887 Colonel Hugo Graf Wurmbrand – Stuppach
  • 1892 Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Carl Weiss von Weissenbruck,
  • 1897 Lieutenant Colonel / Colonel Carl Tersztyánszky von Nádas,
  • 1903 Colonel Eduard Fischer
  • 1909 Colonel Maximilian Freiherr von Schnehen
  • 1913 Lieutenant Colonel Artur Waraubek

Battle calendar

Memorial plaque in the Capuchin Church in Vienna
  • In 1778 the regiment was part of the army in Bohemia . The Chevauxlegers division fought near Arnau
  • 1779 Battles of the Chevauxlegers division near Wartha.
  • 1815 Patrol and security services without combat activity in France

Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 A squadron was used to suppress the unrest in Prague. The Lieutenant Colonel Division fought under Field Marshal Windisch-Graetz and took part in the capture of Vienna.
  • From 1849 until the beginning of the summer campaign, the unit stood in Vienna, then fought in Hungary against the troops of the secession government near Szered , Pered (Tešedíkovo), in both battles near Komorn , then near Szöreg and Temesvár . Of the two other divisions remaining in Bohemia, one was deployed to the siege of Komorn in September.
Battle of Königgrätz

During the First World War, the cavalry regiments were exposed to a wide variety of uses. Some of them continued to exist in the regimental association, some of them were divided into squadrons by infantry divisions, corps and army staffs as so-called division cavalry . (They provided services there as reconnaissance and reporting riders, as well as security detachments.) Most of the regiments, however, soon had to surrender the horses (if they still had any) and were then used by infantry. The regiments of the 4th Cavalry Troop Division were excluded from this.

Whereabouts

After the heavy loss of personnel and horses in the fighting against Russia at the beginning of the war, the regiment was disbanded in 1915. Together with the remains of other cavalry regiments, the former Dragoon Regiment No. 1 formed the newly established Cavalry Rifle Regiment No. 9.

Association membership and status in July 1914

IX. Corps - 5th Cavalry Troop Division - 9th Cavalry Brigade
Nationalities: 48% Czechs - 46% German - 6% others
Regimental language: Czech and German

Uniforms of the regiment

white skirt, pompadour red leveling , white pants and buttons
  • 1798 as cuirassier regiment:
white skirt, pompadour red leveling, white pants and buttons
1850 white tunic, dark red equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
  • 1868 as a dragoon regiment:
Light blue tunic , dark red equalization, madder red ankle pants, white buttons

structure

A regiment was the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually originates from three to four (in the exception more) divisions . (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or 160 riders per squadron.

(During the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry was abandoned.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: kuk dragoon regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

literature

  • Collective - guide through historical Presov, UNIVERSUM Presov publishing house, 1997
  • L. and F. Funcken, Historical Uniforms, ORBIS Verlag, 2000
  • Osprey Military, No. 271, Reprint 1999
  • Allmayer-Beck , Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army. 1848-1914 . Bertelsmann, Munich et al. 1974, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
  • Hans Bleckwenn : The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1967. pp. 25–53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 , p. 17 ff.
  • Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854 ( books.google.it ).
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • Georg Tessin : The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes; Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 . P. 152 ff.
  • Gustav Amon von Treuenfels: History of the kk dragoon regiment Alfred Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz No. 14. Vienna 1886.
  • Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry , Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. ( Directory of regiment chiefs in the Wrede plant PDF; 325 kB).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to “Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by the field post office 512