kuk Dragoon Regiment "Kaiser" No. 11
The regiment was established in 1688 as a Heissler Dragon for the Imperial Habsburg army . From this, over time, up to the joint army within the Austro-Hungarian land forces, the kuk dragoon regiment "Kaiser" No. 11 developed .
In 1769 the regiment was given the designation Cavalry Regiment No. 38 in the newly established cavalry ranking list . However, the name continued to be after the regiment owner (who did not also have to be the commander) until 1798 . There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (e.g. Count Serbelloni regiment - or Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.
After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. At first the name was changed to Dragoon Regiment No. 12 .
The following numbering was subsequently introduced for the system: 1688/2 (to Ticino ), Dragoon Regiment D XI (to Bleckwenn ).
In 1915, all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the regiment was only called kuk Dragoon Regiment No. 11 However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, on the one hand because no one adhered to it, on the other hand the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered to first use up all existing stamps and forms. (According to the "Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department" of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by Field Post Office 512)
Formation history
- On December 20, 1688, according to the capitulation, General Field Sergeant Heissler began to set up a dragoon regiment (Heissler Dragoon Regiment) in Bohemia at his own expense .
- In 1720 a company of the disbanded Dragoon Regiment Battée was incorporated
- 1731 Surrendered parts of the Auctions Company established in 1727 to the Saxe-Gotha Regiment (later Uhlan Regiment No. 8 )
- 1760 First the regiment was converted into a Chevauxlegers regiment in January , but this action was reversed towards the end of the year
- In 1768 the Grenadier Company had to be handed over to the newly established 2nd Carabinier Regiment (later Dragoons No. 1 ). In return, a squadron of the disbanded Althann Dragoon Regiment was assigned
- 1769 Allocation of the cavalry ranking number 38
- 1775 The Colonel Division of the dissolved Liechtenstein Dragoon Regiment was taken over
- 1798 Conversion into a light dragoon regiment with No. 8
- 1802 180 men from the Savoy Dragoons Regiment assigned and renamed to Dragoon Regiment No. 3
- 1860 Conversion into a cuirassier regiment with the number 11
- 1867 Conversion to Dragoon Regiment No. 11
Supplementary districts
- From 1781 the regiment was recruited from Moravia and Silesia . Since 1766, however, it has received many recruits from the area of its respective owners, the dukes of Württemberg.
- 1817 addition from Bohemia
- 1830 addition from Galicia
- 1853 from the supplementary district of infantry regiment No. 57 (Tarnów)
- 1857 - 60 from the supplementary districts of infantry regiments No. 10, 20, 40, 56 and 57 ( Przemyśl , Sandec, Rzeszów, Wadowice, Tarnów).
- From February 1859 Veneto (supplementary district of Infantry Regiment No. 13 in Padua ) was assigned
- In September 1859 to 1867 Galicia with the previously mentioned districts, plus the district of Infantry Regiment No. 77 (Sambor)
- 1867 - 68 also from the district of Infantry Regiment No. 13 ( Cracow , thus all of Western Galicia).
- From 1868-75 the regiment was only supplemented by the supplementary district of Infantry Regiment No. 77;
- 1875 - 1883 from the supplementary district of infantry regiments No. 9 and 80 (Stryj, Zloczów),
- 1883-89 from the supplementary district of infantry regiments No. 15, 30, 80 and 89 ( Tarnopol , Lemberg , Zloczów, Gródek).
- In 1889 the regiment was added to the 11th Corps (Military Territorial District Lemberg)
- 1890 Assigned to the II. Corps (Military Territorial District Vienna), but the recruits and the replacements mainly came from Moravia
Peace garrisons
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Regimental owner
- 1688 Field Sergeant Donat Johann Graf Heissler von Heitersheim
- 1692 Colonel Philipp Jakob Von der Porten (La Porte)
- 1693 Lieutenant Field Marshal Franz Joseph Count Serényi (Sereni)
- 1705 Field Sergeant Carl Colona Graf zu Fels
- 1713 Field Marshal Eberhard Ludwig Duke of Württemberg
- 1734 Field Marshal Karl Alexander Duke of Württemberg
- 1737 Field Marshal Carl Rudolph Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt
- 1740 Colonel Carl Eugen, Prince (1744 ruling Duke) of Württemberg-Stuttgart
- 1793 Colonel Ludwig Eugen Duke of Württemberg
- 1795 Friedrich Wilhelm Carl Hereditary Prince (1797 Duke, 1803 Elector, 1806 King) of Württemberg
- 1809 Lieutenant Field Marshal Vincenz Baron Knesevich von St. Helena
- 1832 Lieutenant Field Marshal Friedrich Freiherr von Minutillo
- 1843 Colonel Archduke Franz Joseph
- 1848 Emperor Franz Joseph I.
Regimental Commander
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Battle calendar
- 1689 After the establishment, the regiment moved to Transylvania
- 1690 In the Corps Trautmanndorff
- 1691 Participation in the siege of Grosswardein
- 1692 Participation in the siege of Great Oradea. Later relocation to the Drau and Lower Danube
- 1693 Participation in the siege of Belgrade . Skirmishes of retreat under General Hofkirchen
- 1694 With the main army at Peterwardein
- 1695 In the army of the Elector of Saxony, no combat activity
- 1696 Participation in the Battle of Olasch
- 1697 Participated in the Auersperg corps in the expedition against Bihác. Participation in the Battle of Zenta
- 1698 Campaign with the main army to Arad
War of the Spanish Succession
- 1701: Relocation to the Italian theater of war. Battle of Carpi and Battle of Chiari. Lieutenant Colonel Selb took Marcaria, Constable Sergeant Heissler Castellucchio in December
- 1702: Battle of Luzzara
- 1703: The regiment was on the Po . A detachment took part in General Visconti's foray into Piedmont (battle near Dernice). Four squadrons moved to Piedmont in 1704, were in the Crecentino camp and took part in the attack on Verrua. The squadrons remaining in Lombardy then withdrew to Tyrol .
- 1705: The latter fought at the Battle of Cassano (1705) , the four squadrons in Piedmont were in the camp at Ciavasso. A squadron formed from supplements was in Bavaria
- 1706: the regiment, which was reunited, fought in the relief battle in front of Turin
- 1707: Participation in the campaign in Provence
- 1708: in the Mosel to Corps Netherlands turned off, the regiment was at the siege of Lille used
- 1709: Battle of Malplaquet . (As a distinction, the regiment was allowed to use conquered kettledrums here and to use them on marches)
- 1710: At the siege of Douai
- 1711: Security and patrol services on the Upper Rhine
- 1712: Relocation to the Netherlands. One division fought in the Battle of Denain
- 1713: Security and patrol services near Mannheim
- 1716: March to Hungary. Siege of Temesvár
- 1717: Fighting near Belgrade
- 1734: Relocation to Italy. Fight in the Battle of Parma , Quistello and the Battle of Guastalla
- 1735: Security and patrol services in Northern Italy and Tyrol, without any action
Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1736–1739)
- 1737 advance of the main army to Nissa. Lieutenant Colonel Pfefferkorn inflicted heavy losses on the Turks at Kossowo on a foray against Novibazar, but was killed during this operation
- 1738 Security and patrol services on the Save , only individual departments were used in the relief of Raca
- 1739 fighting at Grocka and Pancsova
War of the Austrian Succession
- In 1741 the regiment moved to Silesia, fought in the Battle of Mollwitz and later moved to Bohemia
- 1742 fighting at Caslau temporarily in the area in Prague moved and then in the Ore Mountains departed
- 1743 Security and patrol services in the Upper Palatinate , then relocation to the Rhine
- 1744 Retreat to Bohemia with participation in the operations there
- 1745 A squadron was involved in the battle near Habelschwerdt , the regiment fought in the Battle of Hohenfriedberg and the Battle of Thrush
- 1746 relocation to the Netherlands, without taking part in the battle of Roucoux
- 1747 fighting in the battle of Lauffeldt
- 1748 Assigned to the troops assembled for the relief of Maastricht
- 1757 In the army of Field Marshal Daun , the regiment fought with distinction in the Battle of Kolin under the leadership of Count Joseph Saint-Ignon . With only four squadrons left, the regiment then fought in the Battle of Breslau and the Battle of Leuthen
- In 1758 assigned to the Corps de Ville, the regiment distinguished itself in the battles near Predlitz, Wisternitz and Holitz. A detachment of 200 men took part in the Loudon corps in the skirmish near Domstadtl .
- 1759 Initially in the main army, later in Corps Loudon, the regiment fought in the battle of Kunersdorf , where the grenadier company distinguished itself
- In 1760, only the Grenadier Company was used at Landeshut and Liegnitz . A detachment of the regiment ordered for security and patrol services to Bohemia led a battle near Nieder Mülsen
- 1761 turned to the Army in Silesia, in the siege of there Swidnica participated
- 1762 parts of the regiment took part in the battle of Leuthmannsdorf. The Grenadier Company fought in the defense of Schweidnitz
War of the Bavarian Succession
- 1778 The regiment was in Moravia with three divisions and suffered great losses in the skirmish near Mladetzko (south of Freudenthal) on August 7, when the Prussians attacked the Knebel advanced brigade.
- 1784 Two divisions were in suppressing the Walachenaufstandes in Transylvania used
Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792)
- In 1788 the regiment was with three divisions in the Corps Wartensleben in the Banat, an squadron under Major Festenberg threw back a Turkish division at Plosic, the Lieutenant Colonel Division covered the retreat of the infantry of the Papilla Brigade, which had got into disorder at Zupanek, and stopped the pursuit.
- 1789 fighting at Mehadia
- 1790 A division of the regiment in Wallachia took part in the Battle of Kalafat, two divisions fought in battle near Florentin.
- The regiment remained in its peace garrison and was only assigned to the reserve corps formed in Inner Austria in 1797 , but had no combat activity
- 1799 Relocated from Hungary to Italy, a division took part in the battle of Trebbia. The regiment was later used by the troops used to cover the siege of Piacenza and then Tortona. In early September it fought at Carrosio and Novi . In the further course of the campaign, assigned to the main army, the regiment fought at Fossano and Pinerolo and then came to the siege of Cueno. Divisions were then in action at Beinette, the Battle of Genola and the fighting at Mondovi
- In 1800 the regiment was in the reserve corps Vukassovich on the Sesia and fought at Turbigo. An allocated the main army squadron was at the Battle of Marengo involved
- 1805 The regiment was ordered to Italy with eight squadrons, but then came to the army in Germany or to the corps of Archduke Johann in Tyrol. The Lieutenant Colonel Division in North Tyrol carried out its retreat and union with the rest of the regiment under its commander Ritter von Baumgarten under difficult conditions
- 1809 Assigned to the 2nd Reserve Corps of the Army in Germany, it fought near Landshut and Neumarkt, two squadrons were in combat near Ebelsberg. After the regiment took part in the defense of Vienna (part of the reserve squadron was captured here) it fought in the Battle of Aspern , the Battle of Wagram and the Battle of Znojmo
- 1813 Two divisions were assigned to the Galician Reserve Corps and later joined the Danube Army (Austrian-Bavarian Corps Wrede ). The regiment, which in the meantime also had the 3rd Division, fought in the battle of Hanau .
- 1814 Fights in the Wrede corps at Brienne and Bar-sur-Aube. Departments at St. Martin (Troyes) la Guillotière and at Arcis-sur-Aube
- In 1815 the association was in Germany. Two squadrons took part in the battle near Selz, the regiment was deployed in the blockade of Strasbourg .
Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire
- 1848 In the Jellacic Corps with three divisions, deployed in the fighting near Schwechat . Divisions fought on the advance to Hungary at Parndorf, Bábolna and Moór
- 1849 Battle of Tetény. The Lieutenant Colonels and Majors Divisions were in the Karger Brigade near Szolnok , where they were deployed in the battle on March 5th. The regiment then fought at Tápióbicske and Isaszeg, and at Keresztúr. During the summer campaign, the unit was in the Southern Army, where it distinguished itself in the meeting at Kács . The majors division fought at Hegyes (Hidiş) and Mošorin.
- 1859 The regiment did not arrive in Italy until mid-June and was part of the Zedtwitz cavalry brigade near Medole during the Battle of Solferino
- In 1866 the regiment was divided with four squadrons in the Northern Army (Brigade Schindlöcker of the Reserve Cavalry Division) and fought at Wysokow and in the Battle of Königgrätz
During the First World War, the dragoons were exposed to a wide variety of uses. At first they fought as cavalry in the regimental unit, but were also used as infantry in all theaters of war.
The Dragoon Regiment No. 11 had taken on defense tasks in Bukovina as part of the 7th Army "Planter-Baltin" . The Michalcze bridge on the Dniester was defended for a long time under the leadership of Colonel Plankh . After this had to be given up on March 18, 1916 - in order to avoid capture by the Russians - the rest of the dragoon regiment and other attached troops were brought by Colonel Plankh just past the enemy lines on the night march to an Austro-Hungarian field guard and so saved. In the official report of the Austro-Hungarian Army High Command to His Majesty's Military Chancellery for March 19, 1916, this act was particularly emphasized:
“Yesterday evening, after 6 months of brave defense, the Michalcze bridge, which had been shot to pieces, was cleared. Although the Russians had already blown a 300 m wide breach in the morning hours, the heroic garrison (the entire dragoon regiment formed on foot, Emperor No. 11, one M.Gew. Of Dragoon Regiment No. 6, 2 infantry guns, 3/4. Sap. Comp. 2/8, a Ldstartab.) From 10 o'clock vm. Until the evening in uninterrupted fighting the remains of the Dniester hill against the attack of three enemy. Battalions. After the coverings had been almost completely destroyed, on the orders of Colonel Plankh the crew, who had suffered great losses, were brought up to the Dniester. About 100 wounded men were still able to cross over to the south bank, but then the crossing had to be discontinued, as the shipments were partly shot into the ground and partly badly damaged. If Colonel Plankh did not want to surrender his brave band prisoner, he had only one option: to make his way on the northern bank through Uscziecko, which was heavily occupied by the enemy, to the 21st LITD standing in the Dniester loop north of Zaleszczyki. The daring enterprise succeeded. Today at 6 a.m. the Dragoon Colonel reached the left wing field guard of the 21st LITD with about 400 men (out of 800 of the original crew). "
The Army Group Commander General of the Cavalry Baron von Pflanzer-Baltin then issued the following army order:
“The Dniester hill no longer exists. It was blown up by the Russians. For months the enemy has tried to attack them, but never succeeded, he had to destroy them first before the Russian could set foot on the ground that is sanctified by the heroism of our troops. Emperor Dragons, yesterday they gave a light (sic!) Example of loyalty to the emperor and the good sappers loyally persevered by their side until death. For seven hours after the demolition, the heroic crew fought on against an eightfold superior force and only on orders were the ruins of the hill, which was only a hero's grave, cleared. The remnants of the garrison, under the leadership of their brave commanders, escaped the almost inevitable capture by a bold night march through the middle of the enemy with the Dniester at their rear. The Dniester hill is a proud memory for our army. but for the Russians a warning sign that there is only one price for every step of soil: death! I thank the commandant of the crew, Colonel Planckh, the officers and the entire crew on behalf of the 7th Army. Planter GdKmp "
After the proclamation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Czech origin were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was obeyed by the regiment's Czech crew. (Under constitutional law, this also applied to the German-Bohemian soldiers, as they were suddenly Czechoslovak citizens. The extent to which they complied with this request is no longer understandable, but it should have been the exception.) Thus, the association was its previous high command, the The kuk war ministry was withdrawn and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is currently not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place.
Adjustment of the regiment
- Adjustment as a dragoon regiment
- 1738: red skirt, black lapels
- 1757: blue skirt, red lapels
- 1765: red skirt, black equalization , white buttons
- 1767: white skirt, black equalization, white trousers, white buttons
- Dragoon Regiment No. 8
- 1798: dark green skirt, pale red leveling, white trousers, yellow buttons
- Dragoon Regiment No. 3
- 1802: white skirt, dark red equalization, white trousers, white buttons
- 1850: white tunic , dark red equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
- Cuirassier Regiment No. 11
- 1860: white tunic, scarlet equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
- Dragoon Regiment No. 11
- 1868: light blue tunic, scarlet leveling, madder red breeches, white buttons
The regiment possessed a golden owner anniversary medal to be worn on a silver trumpet on a silver trumpet, which was awarded with the highest order of November 30, 1898 (Personal Ordinance Sheet No. 48). On the front it showed the relief portrait of the emperor in proprietor uniform, the inscription "Franz Joseph I." and the shield of the supreme coat of arms with the crown. The reverse contained the dedication: "The owner of his Dragoon Regiment No. 11. 1848 - 1898". The trumpet of honor was decorated with gold-plated relief decorations and a curtain made of embroidered gold fabric.
structure
A regiment was the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually originates from three to four (in the exception more) divisions . (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or squadron.
(During the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry was abandoned.)
The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:
- the 1st division was the colonel division
- the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
- the 3rd division was the majors division
- the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
- the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division
Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Dragoon Regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )
In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.
Association membership and status in July 1914
- II Corps - 3rd Cavalry Troop Division - 10th Cavalry Brigade
- Nationalities: 90% Czech - 10% different
- Regimental language: Czech
Others
The regiment's barracks in what is now Hodoni still exist and now serves as a polytechnic .
- Coordinate: 48 ° 51 ′ 38 ″ N , 17 ° 7 ′ 15 ″ E
literature
- Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck , Erich Lessing: The K. (below) K. Army 1848–1914 Bertelsmann, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
- Hans Bleckwenn: The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967, pp. 25–53.
- Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 , p. 17 ff.
- Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85114-479-1 .
- Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. books.google.it .
- Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
- Georg Tessin: The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes. Biblio, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 , p. 152 ff.
- Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. Directory of regiment chiefs at the Wrede plant (PDF; 325 kB).