kuk Dragoon Regiment "Kaiser" No. 11

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The namesake - Emperor Franz Joseph I. as colonel regiment owner in the uniform of the Dragoon Regiment No. 11, before 1867. Watercolor by Julius von Blaas
Dragoon 1762

The regiment was established in 1688 as a Heissler Dragon for the Imperial Habsburg army . From this, over time, up to the joint army within the Austro-Hungarian land forces, the kuk dragoon regiment "Kaiser" No. 11 developed .

In 1769 the regiment was given the designation Cavalry Regiment No. 38 in the newly established cavalry ranking list . However, the name continued to be after the regiment owner (who did not also have to be the commander) until 1798 . There was no binding regulation of the spelling. (e.g. Count Serbelloni regiment - or Serbelloni regiment.) With each change of ownership, the regiment concerned changed its name.

After the system was changed in 1798, the numbered designation prevailed, which could possibly be linked to the name of the owner. At first the name was changed to Dragoon Regiment No. 12 .

The following numbering was subsequently introduced for the system: 1688/2 (to Ticino ), Dragoon Regiment D XI (to Bleckwenn ).

In 1915, all honorary names were deleted without replacement. From then on, the regiment was only called kuk Dragoon Regiment No. 11 However, this could not be enforced in common parlance, on the one hand because no one adhered to it, on the other hand the thrifty kuk military administration had ordered to first use up all existing stamps and forms. (According to the "Announcement of the Quartermaster's Department" of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/15. Issued by Field Post Office 512)

Formation history

  • On December 20, 1688, according to the capitulation, General Field Sergeant Heissler began to set up a dragoon regiment (Heissler Dragoon Regiment) in Bohemia at his own expense .
  • In 1720 a company of the disbanded Dragoon Regiment Battée was incorporated
  • 1731 Surrendered parts of the Auctions Company established in 1727 to the Saxe-Gotha Regiment (later Uhlan Regiment No. 8 )
  • 1760 First the regiment was converted into a Chevauxlegers regiment in January , but this action was reversed towards the end of the year
  • In 1768 the Grenadier Company had to be handed over to the newly established 2nd Carabinier Regiment (later Dragoons No. 1 ). In return, a squadron of the disbanded Althann Dragoon Regiment was assigned
  • 1769 Allocation of the cavalry ranking number 38
  • 1775 The Colonel Division of the dissolved Liechtenstein Dragoon Regiment was taken over
  • 1798 Conversion into a light dragoon regiment with No. 8
  • 1802 180 men from the Savoy Dragoons Regiment assigned and renamed to Dragoon Regiment No. 3
  • 1860 Conversion into a cuirassier regiment with the number 11
  • 1867 Conversion to Dragoon Regiment No. 11

Supplementary districts

  • From 1781 the regiment was recruited from Moravia and Silesia . Since 1766, however, it has received many recruits from the area of ​​its respective owners, the dukes of Württemberg.
  • 1817 addition from Bohemia
  • 1830 addition from Galicia
  • 1853 from the supplementary district of infantry regiment No. 57 (Tarnów)
  • 1857 - 60 from the supplementary districts of infantry regiments No. 10, 20, 40, 56 and 57 ( Przemyśl , Sandec, Rzeszów, Wadowice, Tarnów).
  • From February 1859 Veneto (supplementary district of Infantry Regiment No. 13 in Padua ) was assigned
  • In September 1859 to 1867 Galicia with the previously mentioned districts, plus the district of Infantry Regiment No. 77 (Sambor)
  • 1867 - 68 also from the district of Infantry Regiment No. 13 ( Cracow , thus all of Western Galicia).
  • From 1868-75 the regiment was only supplemented by the supplementary district of Infantry Regiment No. 77;
  • 1875 - 1883 from the supplementary district of infantry regiments No. 9 and 80 (Stryj, Zloczów),
  • 1883-89 from the supplementary district of infantry regiments No. 15, 30, 80 and 89 ( Tarnopol , Lemberg , Zloczów, Gródek).
  • In 1889 the regiment was added to the 11th Corps (Military Territorial District Lemberg)
  • 1890 Assigned to the II. Corps (Military Territorial District Vienna), but the recruits and the replacements mainly came from Moravia

Peace garrisons

I. II. III.
  • 1779 Arad
  • 1780 Pécska
  • 1786 Ujpécs
  • 1793–97 Nagy Enyed, then Csákány
  • 1798–99 Fünfkirchen and Pécsvárad
  • 1801 Nyiregyháza
  • 1802 Maria Theresiopel
  • 1803–05 Vienna
  • 1806 Ujpécs
  • 1808-09 Sárvár
  • 1810 Grosswardein , then Szász Régen
  • 1812–13 Fratautz (Bukowina) Suczawa
  • 1814–15 Simmern
  • 1815 Landau (Palatinate)
  • 1816 Tarnów
  • 1825 Vienna
  • 1826 Lancut
  • 1830 Tarnów
  • 1831 Gabel, then Leipnik,
  • 1832 Prossnitz

Regimental owner

Regimental Commander

I. II. III.
  • 1689 Lieutenant Colonel Jakob Philipp Von der Porten
  • 1692 the same as colonel owner
  • 1693 the owner Colonel Count Serényi
  • 1700 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Johann Gabriel Freiherr von Selb
  • 1705 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Bernhard von Heissler
  • 1709 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Joseph von Waderborn (Wattenborn)
  • 1727 Colonel Christian Ludwig Count Waldeck
  • 1734 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Christian Fürst Thurn and Taxis (Latour)
  • 1741 Colonel Ludwig Carl Freiherr von Bretlach
  • 1742 Colonel Johann Graf Joyeuse
  • 1743 Colonel Ludwig Freiherr von Bretlach
  • 1757 Colonel Joseph Count Saint-Ignon
  • 1758 Colonel Johann Graf Pachta
  • 1762 Colonel Joseph Graf Kinsky
  • 1764 Colonel Friedrich Anton von Hohenzollern-Hechingen
  • 1773 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Friedrich Freiherr Breidbach von Bürresheim
  • 1784 Colonel Wilhelm Freiherr von Haan
  • 1789 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Ferdinand Freiherr von Ritschan (Rziezan)
  • 1796 Colonel Marcus Freiherr von Frossard
  • 1797 Colonel Johann Freiherr Festenberg von Hassenwein
  • 1800 Colonel Johann Freiherr von Wodniansky
  • 1805 Colonel Wenzel Freiherr von Ollenhausen
  • 1810 Colonel Carl Graf Giucciardi
  • 1810 Colonel Joseph von Haecht
  • 1813 Colonel Jakob Oláh de Nánás
  • 1823 Colonel Franz Ludwig Graf von Bigot de St. Quentin
  • 1831 Colonel Joseph von Mackay
  • 1834 Colonel Christian Ernst zu Stolberg-Stolberg
  • 1838 Colonel Heinrich von Blankenburg
  • 1843 Colonel Joseph Gutjahr von Helmhof
  • 1848 Colonel Joseph Jakubowsky von Toporczyk
  • 1848 Colonel Rudolph Ullrich Edler von Helmschild
  • 1849 Lieutenant Colonel (ad interim) Joseph Regelsberg von Thurnberg
  • 1849 Colonel Leopold Graf Sternberg
  • 1850 Colonel Prokop Baron Dobrženský von Dobrženitz
  • 1857 Colonel Carl Spécz von Ladháza
  • 1860 Colonel August Korren von Pernbregg
  • 1863 Colonel Justin Graf Bolesta-Koziebrodzky
  • 1866 Colonel Franz Graf Schaaffgotsche
  • 1869 Colonel Joseph Ritter von Rodakowsky
  • 1875 Lieutenant Colonel Emil Freiherr von Bertrand d´Omballe
  • 1879 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Julius Prokop
  • 1885 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Johann Ritter Bordolo von Boreo
  • 1890 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Heinrich Pauer
  • 1892 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Alfred Zietkiewicz
  • 1897 Colonel Gustav Igálffy von Igály
  • 1899 Lieutenant Colonel-Colonel Otto Poten
  • 1906 Colonel Wilhelm Edler von Swogetinsky
  • 1907 Colonel Karl Biber
  • 1912-14 Colonel Anton Leiter
  • 1914 Colonel Theodor Freiherr Mayer-Maly von Vevanovic

Battle calendar

Great Turkish War

  • 1689 After the establishment, the regiment moved to Transylvania
  • 1690 In the Corps Trautmanndorff
  • 1691 Participation in the siege of Grosswardein
  • 1692 Participation in the siege of Great Oradea. Later relocation to the Drau and Lower Danube
  • 1693 Participation in the siege of Belgrade . Skirmishes of retreat under General Hofkirchen
  • 1694 With the main army at Peterwardein
  • 1695 In the army of the Elector of Saxony, no combat activity
  • 1696 Participation in the Battle of Olasch
  • 1697 Participated in the Auersperg corps in the expedition against Bihác. Participation in the Battle of Zenta
  • 1698 Campaign with the main army to Arad

War of the Spanish Succession

  • 1701: Relocation to the Italian theater of war. Battle of Carpi and Battle of Chiari. Lieutenant Colonel Selb took Marcaria, Constable Sergeant Heissler Castellucchio in December
  • 1702: Battle of Luzzara
  • 1703: The regiment was on the Po . A detachment took part in General Visconti's foray into Piedmont (battle near Dernice). Four squadrons moved to Piedmont in 1704, were in the Crecentino camp and took part in the attack on Verrua. The squadrons remaining in Lombardy then withdrew to Tyrol .
  • 1705: The latter fought at the Battle of Cassano (1705) , the four squadrons in Piedmont were in the camp at Ciavasso. A squadron formed from supplements was in Bavaria
  • 1706: the regiment, which was reunited, fought in the relief battle in front of Turin
  • 1707: Participation in the campaign in Provence
  • 1708: in the Mosel to Corps Netherlands turned off, the regiment was at the siege of Lille used
  • 1709: Battle of Malplaquet . (As a distinction, the regiment was allowed to use conquered kettledrums here and to use them on marches)
  • 1710: At the siege of Douai
  • 1711: Security and patrol services on the Upper Rhine
  • 1712: Relocation to the Netherlands. One division fought in the Battle of Denain
  • 1713: Security and patrol services near Mannheim

Quadruple Alliance War

  • 1716: March to Hungary. Siege of Temesvár
  • 1717: Fighting near Belgrade

War of the Polish Succession

  • 1734: Relocation to Italy. Fight in the Battle of Parma , Quistello and the Battle of Guastalla
  • 1735: Security and patrol services in Northern Italy and Tyrol, without any action

Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1736–1739)

  • 1737 advance of the main army to Nissa. Lieutenant Colonel Pfefferkorn inflicted heavy losses on the Turks at Kossowo on a foray against Novibazar, but was killed during this operation
  • 1738 Security and patrol services on the Save , only individual departments were used in the relief of Raca
  • 1739 fighting at Grocka and Pancsova

War of the Austrian Succession

Seven Years War

  • 1757 In the army of Field Marshal Daun , the regiment fought with distinction in the Battle of Kolin under the leadership of Count Joseph Saint-Ignon . With only four squadrons left, the regiment then fought in the Battle of Breslau and the Battle of Leuthen
  • In 1758 assigned to the Corps de Ville, the regiment distinguished itself in the battles near Predlitz, Wisternitz and Holitz. A detachment of 200 men took part in the Loudon corps in the skirmish near Domstadtl .
  • 1759 Initially in the main army, later in Corps Loudon, the regiment fought in the battle of Kunersdorf , where the grenadier company distinguished itself
  • In 1760, only the Grenadier Company was used at Landeshut and Liegnitz . A detachment of the regiment ordered for security and patrol services to Bohemia led a battle near Nieder Mülsen
  • 1761 turned to the Army in Silesia, in the siege of there Swidnica participated
  • 1762 parts of the regiment took part in the battle of Leuthmannsdorf. The Grenadier Company fought in the defense of Schweidnitz

War of the Bavarian Succession

  • 1778 The regiment was in Moravia with three divisions and suffered great losses in the skirmish near Mladetzko (south of Freudenthal) on August 7, when the Prussians attacked the Knebel advanced brigade.
  • 1784 Two divisions were in suppressing the Walachenaufstandes in Transylvania used

Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792)

  • In 1788 the regiment was with three divisions in the Corps Wartensleben in the Banat, an squadron under Major Festenberg threw back a Turkish division at Plosic, the Lieutenant Colonel Division covered the retreat of the infantry of the Papilla Brigade, which had got into disorder at Zupanek, and stopped the pursuit.
  • 1789 fighting at Mehadia
  • 1790 A division of the regiment in Wallachia took part in the Battle of Kalafat, two divisions fought in battle near Florentin.

Revolutionary Wars

  • The regiment remained in its peace garrison and was only assigned to the reserve corps formed in Inner Austria in 1797 , but had no combat activity
  • 1799 Relocated from Hungary to Italy, a division took part in the battle of Trebbia. The regiment was later used by the troops used to cover the siege of Piacenza and then Tortona. In early September it fought at Carrosio and Novi . In the further course of the campaign, assigned to the main army, the regiment fought at Fossano and Pinerolo and then came to the siege of Cueno. Divisions were then in action at Beinette, the Battle of Genola and the fighting at Mondovi

Napoleonic Wars

  • In 1800 the regiment was in the reserve corps Vukassovich on the Sesia and fought at Turbigo. An allocated the main army squadron was at the Battle of Marengo involved
  • 1805 The regiment was ordered to Italy with eight squadrons, but then came to the army in Germany or to the corps of Archduke Johann in Tyrol. The Lieutenant Colonel Division in North Tyrol carried out its retreat and union with the rest of the regiment under its commander Ritter von Baumgarten under difficult conditions
  • 1809 Assigned to the 2nd Reserve Corps of the Army in Germany, it fought near Landshut and Neumarkt, two squadrons were in combat near Ebelsberg. After the regiment took part in the defense of Vienna (part of the reserve squadron was captured here) it fought in the Battle of Aspern , the Battle of Wagram and the Battle of Znojmo

Wars of Liberation

  • 1813 Two divisions were assigned to the Galician Reserve Corps and later joined the Danube Army (Austrian-Bavarian Corps Wrede ). The regiment, which in the meantime also had the 3rd Division, fought in the battle of Hanau .
  • 1814 Fights in the Wrede corps at Brienne and Bar-sur-Aube. Departments at St. Martin (Troyes) la Guillotière and at Arcis-sur-Aube

Reign of the Hundred Days

  • In 1815 the association was in Germany. Two squadrons took part in the battle near Selz, the regiment was deployed in the blockade of Strasbourg .

Revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire

  • 1848 In the Jellacic Corps with three divisions, deployed in the fighting near Schwechat . Divisions fought on the advance to Hungary at Parndorf, Bábolna and Moór
  • 1849 Battle of Tetény. The Lieutenant Colonels and Majors Divisions were in the Karger Brigade near Szolnok , where they were deployed in the battle on March 5th. The regiment then fought at Tápióbicske and Isaszeg, and at Keresztúr. During the summer campaign, the unit was in the Southern Army, where it distinguished itself in the meeting at Kács . The majors division fought at Hegyes (Hidiş) and Mošorin.

Sardinian war

  • 1859 The regiment did not arrive in Italy until mid-June and was part of the Zedtwitz cavalry brigade near Medole during the Battle of Solferino

German war

First World War

During the First World War, the dragoons were exposed to a wide variety of uses. At first they fought as cavalry in the regimental unit, but were also used as infantry in all theaters of war.

The Dragoon Regiment No. 11 had taken on defense tasks in Bukovina as part of the 7th Army "Planter-Baltin" . The Michalcze bridge on the Dniester was defended for a long time under the leadership of Colonel Plankh . After this had to be given up on March 18, 1916 - in order to avoid capture by the Russians - the rest of the dragoon regiment and other attached troops were brought by Colonel Plankh just past the enemy lines on the night march to an Austro-Hungarian field guard and so saved. In the official report of the Austro-Hungarian Army High Command to His Majesty's Military Chancellery for March 19, 1916, this act was particularly emphasized:

“Yesterday evening, after 6 months of brave defense, the Michalcze bridge, which had been shot to pieces, was cleared. Although the Russians had already blown a 300 m wide breach in the morning hours, the heroic garrison (the entire dragoon regiment formed on foot, Emperor No. 11, one M.Gew. Of Dragoon Regiment No. 6, 2 infantry guns, 3/4. Sap. Comp. 2/8, a Ldstartab.) From 10 o'clock vm. Until the evening in uninterrupted fighting the remains of the Dniester hill against the attack of three enemy. Battalions. After the coverings had been almost completely destroyed, on the orders of Colonel Plankh the crew, who had suffered great losses, were brought up to the Dniester. About 100 wounded men were still able to cross over to the south bank, but then the crossing had to be discontinued, as the shipments were partly shot into the ground and partly badly damaged. If Colonel Plankh did not want to surrender his brave band prisoner, he had only one option: to make his way on the northern bank through Uscziecko, which was heavily occupied by the enemy, to the 21st LITD standing in the Dniester loop north of Zaleszczyki. The daring enterprise succeeded. Today at 6 a.m. the Dragoon Colonel reached the left wing field guard of the 21st LITD with about 400 men (out of 800 of the original crew). "

The Army Group Commander General of the Cavalry Baron von Pflanzer-Baltin then issued the following army order:

“The Dniester hill no longer exists. It was blown up by the Russians. For months the enemy has tried to attack them, but never succeeded, he had to destroy them first before the Russian could set foot on the ground that is sanctified by the heroism of our troops. Emperor Dragons, yesterday they gave a light (sic!) Example of loyalty to the emperor and the good sappers loyally persevered by their side until death. For seven hours after the demolition, the heroic crew fought on against an eightfold superior force and only on orders were the ruins of the hill, which was only a hero's grave, cleared. The remnants of the garrison, under the leadership of their brave commanders, escaped the almost inevitable capture by a bold night march through the middle of the enemy with the Dniester at their rear. The Dniester hill is a proud memory for our army. but for the Russians a warning sign that there is only one price for every step of soil: death! I thank the commandant of the crew, Colonel Planckh, the officers and the entire crew on behalf of the 7th Army. Planter GdKmp "

After the proclamation of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in October 1918, the soldiers of Czech origin were called on by the interim government to stop the fighting and return home. As a rule, this request was obeyed by the regiment's Czech crew. (Under constitutional law, this also applied to the German-Bohemian soldiers, as they were suddenly Czechoslovak citizens. The extent to which they complied with this request is no longer understandable, but it should have been the exception.) Thus, the association was its previous high command, the The kuk war ministry was withdrawn and could not be demobilized by the latter and, at best, theoretically dissolved. It is currently not known whether, when and where such a dissolution took place.

Adjustment of the regiment

1738: red skirt, black lapels
1757: blue skirt, red lapels
1765: red skirt, black equalization , white buttons
1767: white skirt, black equalization, white trousers, white buttons
  • Dragoon Regiment No. 8
1798: dark green skirt, pale red leveling, white trousers, yellow buttons
  • Dragoon Regiment No. 3
1802: white skirt, dark red equalization, white trousers, white buttons
1850: white tunic , dark red equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
  • Cuirassier Regiment No. 11
1860: white tunic, scarlet equalization, light blue pantaloons, white buttons
  • Dragoon Regiment No. 11
1868: light blue tunic, scarlet leveling, madder red breeches, white buttons

The regiment possessed a golden owner anniversary medal to be worn on a silver trumpet on a silver trumpet, which was awarded with the highest order of November 30, 1898 (Personal Ordinance Sheet No. 48). On the front it showed the relief portrait of the emperor in proprietor uniform, the inscription "Franz Joseph I." and the shield of the supreme coat of arms with the crown. The reverse contained the dedication: "The owner of his Dragoon Regiment No. 11. 1848 - 1898". The trumpet of honor was decorated with gold-plated relief decorations and a curtain made of embroidered gold fabric.

structure

A regiment was the Austro-Hungarian cavalry usually originates from three to four (in the exception more) divisions . (A division was used here to refer to a battalion-strength unit. The correct division was called an infantry or cavalry division.) Each division had three squadrons , each of which consisted of two companies . The number of riders in the individual sub-units fluctuated, but was usually around 80 riders per company or squadron.

(During the army reform begun by Emperor Joseph II , the company structure within the cavalry was abandoned.)

The individual divisions were named after their formal leaders:

  • the 1st division was the colonel division
  • the 2nd division was the lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel) division
  • the 3rd division was the majors division
  • the 4th division was the 2nd majors division
  • the 5th division (if any) was the 3rd majors division

Due to the constant renaming, the regimental histories of the Austro-Hungarian cavalry are very difficult to follow. In addition, there is the constant and apparently arbitrary, sometimes multiple reclassification of the associations. (For example: Kuk Dragoon Regiment "Fürst zu Windisch-Graetz" No. 14 )

In the course of the army reform, the cavalry regiments were reduced to two divisions from 1860 onwards.

Association membership and status in July 1914

  • II Corps - 3rd Cavalry Troop Division - 10th Cavalry Brigade
  • Nationalities: 90% Czech - 10% different
  • Regimental language: Czech

Others

Cavalry barracks in Goeding

The regiment's barracks in what is now Hodoni still exist and now serves as a polytechnic .

literature

  • Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck , Erich Lessing: The K. (below) K. Army 1848–1914 Bertelsmann, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-570-07287-8 .
  • Hans Bleckwenn: The regiments of the Empress: Thoughts on the Albertina manuscript 1762 of the Army History Museum Vienna. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. Volume 3: Maria Theresia - Contributions to the history of the army of her time. Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1967, pp. 25–53.
  • Hans Bleckwenn: Horsemen, Hussars and Grenadiers. d. Uniforms d. emperor. Army on the Rhine 1734. Harenberg, Dortmund 1979, ISBN 3-88379-125-3 , p. 17 ff.
  • Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-85114-479-1 .
  • Hermann Meynert : History of the KK Austrian Army, its formation and organization, as well as its fate, actions and campaigns, from the earliest to the present time. C. Gerold and Son, Vienna 1854. books.google.it .
  • Georg Schreiber : The emperor's cavalry. Austrian cavalry in 4 centuries. With a foreword by Alois Podhajsky . Speidel, Vienna 1967.
  • Georg Tessin: The regiments of the European states in the Ancien Régime des XVI. to XVIII. Century. 3 volumes. Biblio, Osnabrück 1986–1995, ISBN 3-7648-1763-1 , p. 152 ff.
  • Alphons von Wrede: The history of the kuk Wehrmacht. The regiments, corps, branches and establishments from 1618 to the end of the XIX. Century. Vienna 1898–1905. Part III, Part 1 Cavalry, Part 2 Disbanded troops on horseback. Directory of regiment chiefs at the Wrede plant (PDF; 325 kB).

Individual evidence

  1. Georg Tessin 1986 Volume 1: p. 40.
  2. Hans Bleckwenn
  3. ÖSTA / KA report from AOK to MKSM