Knau (Neustadt an der Orla)
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Knau
City of Neustadt an der Orla
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| Height : | 450 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 12.76 km² |
| Residents : | 625 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 49 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2019 |
| Postal code : | 07806 |
| Area code : | 036484 |
Knau is a district of the city of Neustadt an der Orla in the Saale-Orla district in Thuringia . Until December 31, 2019, Knau belonged to the Lake District administrative community as an independent municipality .
geography
Knau and its districts of Posen and Bucha are located in the Thuringian Slate Mountains in the west of the Plothener ponds area . The Dreba flows through Knau . The Posenmühle is located a little away from the village on this stream.
geology
The trough-like plateau of the southeast Thuringian slate mountains between Knau and Plothen and the climate with its amounts of precipitation were the prerequisites for the lake landscape created. But also the soil of the slate weathered soils with its high proportion of fine earth and the high humus content was decisive for the development of agriculture.
Neighboring places
Neighboring towns are (clockwise from the north): Weira , Dreba , Volkmannsdorf , Schöndorf , Keila , Peuschen , Grobengereuth , Oberoppurg and Quaschwitz .
history
The place is first mentioned in 1374 as Knauwe villa as the cloister courtyard of the Benedictine abbey in Saalfeld . It is very likely that the origins of the place go back further. During archaeological investigations near the medieval residential tower of the Knauer Rittergut, shards from the 12th century were found. It can be assumed that the cultivation of the former marshland originated from the farmyard of the Saalfeld monastery .
The place belonged to part of the domain of the House of Wettin ( Amt Ziegenrück ), from 1485 to the Ernestine Line, was pledged to the Albertine Line in 1567 and remained there from 1660 to 1815. After the Congress of Vienna , the Neustädter Kreis came to Prussia in 1816. The largest part - including Knau - was left to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in the same year and after 1850 belonged to the fifth administrative district with its seat in Neustadt an der Orla. In 1918 the area became part of the Free State of Saxony-Weimar, and in 1920 the Free State of Thuringia. With the regional reform in 1922, the Neustädter Kreis was dissolved and Knau was assigned to the Schleiz district. As a result of the territorial and administrative reform of the GDR, the place became part of the new Pößneck district of the Gera district in 1952 . After the re-establishment of the Free State of Thuringia (1990), these communities were incorporated into the larger Saale-Orla district with headquarters in Schleiz.
The history of Knau is inextricably linked with that of the manor , whose owners always directed the fortunes of the place and also exercised jurisdiction: The Knau manor, which came into the possession of Esaias von Brandenstein in 1602 , also included Plothen, Neudeck, Bucha, Dreba, Schöndorf and Volkmannsdorf. He had the castle in Knau and the church rebuilt. In 1608, for example, there was a Renaissance castle in Knau, which was connected to the manor , with a unique nave ceiling. The magnificent facade was greatly simplified during "renovation work" in the mid-1950s, as it is today.
Owners of the estate were:
- Duchess Maria Amalia: from 1703
- Anna Sophie von Einsiedel : around 1725
- Eajus Rudolf Haubold von Einsiedel: around 1730
- Johann Georg von Einsiedel: since 1743
- Schmatz family: until 1871
- Schneider family (most recently Herbert Schneider): from 1871 to 1945
In 1923 Paul Schneider managed Gut Knau with 915 hectares of agricultural land.
In April 1945 a prisoner march led by forced laborers through the village. Presumably ten slave laborers were shot by SS men and buried in the cemetery. A stone cross reminds of this event. Shortly afterwards Knau was occupied by the American army and at the beginning of July - like all of Thuringia - handed over to the Red Army .
The manor was expropriated without compensation in 1945 through the land reform and used as a base for the Red Army for a year. The last landowner, Herbert Schneider, was abducted by Soviet soldiers and shot at an unknown location. His mother, Minna Schneider, died shortly afterwards.
In 1946, the former manor was now called the Staatsgut, in 1947 the Thuringian State Estate and from 1949 Volkseigenes Gut (VEG), in whose stables were pigs and cattle until 1990. From 1946 to 1951, the Thuringian teaching and testing facility for pig husbandry Knau was located in the manor house. Then in 1952 there was the Research Center for Animal Husbandry Knau of the German Academy of Agricultural Sciences (DAL) in Berlin, from 1962 referred to as the Institute for Animal Husbandry Knau. In 1964 this Knau facility was closed and from 1965 to 1968 the estate became a department of VEG Tierzucht Ludwigshof b. Ranis. After that, field management was assigned to the Joint Plant Production Department (GAP), later the Cooperative Plant Production Department (KAP) and finally the Agricultural Production Cooperative Plant Production (LPG P) "Ernst Thälmann" Knau, who were responsible for this area. The well-known precious pig breeding herd of the Knau estate, on the other hand, became a department of the cooperative association (KOG) "Orlatal" with its headquarters in Oppurg until around 1976, and then took over the existing LPG animal production "Klausengrund" Knau, which already operated a sow facility in the Poznan district and until 1990 existed, the estate with its livestock. From 1953 to 1991 there was still the newly established fattening testing institute for pigs Knau on the southern edge of the village. The facility was subject to the DAL until 1964, then to the Vereinigung Volkseigener Betriebe (VVB) Tierzucht Paretz and was responsible for Thuringian pig herd book breeding.
Until 1991 the second largest pig breeding and fattening combine (SZMK) in the GDR with 180,000 pigs was located near Knau (between Knau and Weira) . The non-environmentally friendly disposal of faeces and other waste materials caused massive environmental damage to the air, soil and water. Pastor Peter Taeger founded an environmental group and published a magazine, Leidplanke . In the fall of 1989 a citizens' initiative organized demonstrations with thousands of participants against the SZMK. After the end of the GDR, pig farming was discontinued in 1991.
The state-owned property share of the Knau estate came into the administration of the Treuhandanstalt in 1990. In 1992 a major fire destroyed a third of the property's historical fabric. This destroyed the closed nature of the entire facility. The municipality of Knau acquired around 10 hectares with a farmyard and park in 1999. Already in 2003, after renovations, the community's “Citizens Meeting Center” was opened for public use. At the moment there are efforts of the Förderkreis Rittergut Knau e. V. to save the former castle by organizing and implementing practical steps for the renovation of the ensemble in accordance with the listed buildings.
Rural areas of the former LPG plant production Knau were brought together again with the animal production and further arranged over several localities. Agrofarm Knau e. G. It operates an extensive crop production on 1,800 hectares, the breeding and fattening of pigs for direct marketing as well as the keeping of dairy and suckler cows.
On January 1, 2019, the neighboring municipality of Bucha was incorporated into Knau. On December 31, 2019, Knau again became a district of Neustadt an der Orla.
Manor of the manor (2010)
Mansion rear of the Renaissance part (2012)
Mansion rear side (2012)
Manor Gut Church (2012)
Population development
Development of the population (December 31st each) :
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- Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Personalities
- Esaias von Brandenstein (* 1567 in Oppurg , † 1623 in Knau), lawyer, chancellor, chief judge, diplomat, landowner, builder of the castle and church in Knau
- Wilhelm Börner (* 1788 in Knau, † 1855 in Mosen), deacon in Ranis , teacher and legend researcher
- Carl Gustav Boerner (* 1790 in Knau, † 1855 in Leipzig), painter and art collector
- Hugo Michel (* 1872 in Knau, † 1944 in Weimar), collector, stamp dealer and publisher of the Michel stamp catalog
Economy and Transport
Fishing and agriculture shaped and shaped the place and the landscape. The place is connected to the road network via the state road 2350. At the end of the 19th century, the place received a train station on the Triptis – Blankenstein line . The train service was stopped in 1998, the line was closed in 2005.
literature
- Jan Schönfelder: With God against manure. The environmental group Knau / Dittersdorf 1986 to 1991. A protest movement in the GDR (= contributions to history and urban culture. 7). Hain-Verlag, Rudolstadt et al. 2000, ISBN 3-89807-011-5 .
- Hartmut Boettcher: Investigations into pig breeding and keeping in Knau b. Pößneck, Thür. Central German Pig Breeding Association - Pig Breeding Archive, Teltow-Ruhlsdorf 2013.
Web links
- www.knau.de Knau website
- www.rittergut-knau.de Knau estate sponsorship group
- Historical circular hiking trail Knau
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Gruhle: Black Book of Land Reform / Thuringia. Retrieved June 19, 2011 ( Memento July 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 222 f.
- ↑ Information: Förderkreis Rittergut Knau eV, 2012
- ↑ http://www.mdr.de/1989/6145823.html ( Memento from April 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
Arnshaugk | Börthen | Breitenhain-Strößwitz | Bucha | Döhlen | Dreba | Knau | Kleina | Köthnitz | Lichtenau | Linda near Neustadt an der Orla | Moderwitz | Molbitz | Neunhofen | Neustadt an der Orla | Poses | Sachsenburg | Stanau | Stone bridges