Karthaus district
The Karthaus district was a Prussian district that existed from 1818 to 1920. It was located in the part of West Prussia that fell to Poland after the First World War through the Treaty of Versailles in 1920 and was called the Polish Corridor . The district office was located in the rural community of Karthaus . From 1939 to 1945, the district in occupied Poland was re-established as part of the newly established Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia . Today the former district area is in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship .
history
With the first partition of Poland in 1772, the future district came from the Pomeranian Voivodeship in the Polish Royal Prussia to the Kingdom of Prussia , where it initially belonged to the Dirschau and Stargard districts in the province of West Prussia . The Prussian provincial authorities ordinance of April 30, 1815 and its implementing provisions made the area part of the Danzig administrative district of the province of West Prussia. As part of a comprehensive district reform in the Gdansk administrative district, the new Carthaus district was formed on April 1, 1818 from parts of the old Dirschau and Stargard districts . It comprised the Intendanturamt Carthaus and Mirchau as well as a large number of noble estates.
There was initially no district office. A local landowner ran the business part-time from his estate. The first district administrator was the judiciary and former Danzig Senator Karl Michael von Groddeck auf Fitschkau. He held his office until March 1832 and died the following year at the age of 70. There was also no accommodation for the district secretary, who had to live in the inn for three years and was facing financial ruin. Neither the county messenger nor the two gendarmes lived on site. Later, the rural community of Carthaus became the permanent seat of the district administration. In the course of the 19th century, the spelling Karthaus prevailed for the district and the municipality of Karthaus .
From December 3, 1829 to April 1, 1878, West Prussia and East Prussia were united to form the Province of Prussia , which had belonged to the North German Confederation since July 1, 1867 and to the German Empire since January 1, 1871 .
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the Karthaus district had to be ceded by the German Reich on January 10, 1920. Most of the district fell to Poland and continued to exist as Powiat Kartuski in the new Pomeranian Voivodeship . Several communities in the east of the district fell to the Free City of Danzig and were assigned to the Danziger Höhe district . On November 30, 1920 there was an exchange of territory between Poland and the German Reich . The localities Żukówko and Mühlchen, which had belonged to the Karthaus district, came to the Pomeranian district of Bütow , while the localities of Pommersch Prondzonka, Althütte near Buchwalde and Schellews moved from the district of Bütow to Poland.
population
The following is an overview with official information on the number of inhabitants, denominations and language groups:
| year | 1821 | 1831 | 1852 | 1861 | 1871 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 23,599 | 29,144 | 42,371 | 51,348 | 56,133 | 59,694 | 62,990 | 69,891 |
|
Evangelical Catholics Jews |
6,132 17,457 2 |
12,011 30,213 183 |
15,241 35,778 287 |
15,574 40,221 316 |
15,715 43,615 333 |
14 944 47 724 297 |
15,030 54,589 222 |
|
|
German-speaking, bilingual, Polish -speaking |
10,895 - 18,249 |
9,740 9,064 23,567 |
18,608 - 32,740 |
19,627 779 39,279 |
19,564 28 43,390 |
19,319 214 50,354 |
politics
District administrators
- 1818–1833 Karl Michael von Groddeck
- 1833–1851 Georg Kasper von Kleist
- 1851–1875 Gustav Friedrich Eduard Mauve (1818–1876)
- 1875–1885 Werner von Schleinitz
- 1885 Ernst von Schwichow ( acting )
- 1885-1893 by Krosigk
- 1893–1901 cellar
- 1901–1910 Gottfried Hagemann (1864–1918)
- 1910–1914 Walter Römhild (1876–1944)
- 1914-1919 Gustav Simon
elections
In the German Empire, the Karthaus, Neustadt and Putzig districts formed the Danzig 4 Reichstag constituency . This constituency was won by candidates from the Polish parliamentary group in all elections to the Reichstag between 1871 and 1912 .
Communities
In 1910 the Karthaus district comprised 126 rural communities:
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With DZ communities identified in 1920 came Danziger county level in the Mandate of Gdansk League of Nations. The municipality of Zukowken, marked with DEU , remained in the German Empire. All other municipalities fell in 1920 to the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship . Numerous manor districts also belonged to the district .
The district of Karthaus in occupied Poland 1939–1945
history
After the attack on Poland and the annexation of the former district area by the German Reich, the Polish powiat Kartuski became part of the newly formed Reichsgau West Prussia - later Danzig-West Prussia - in the new administrative district of Danzig under his German name on November 26, 1939 . The city of Karthaus was subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, which was valid in the Altreich and provided for the enforcement of the Führer principle at the municipal level. The remaining communities were grouped together in administrative districts ; There were no more manor districts. Since June 25, 1942, the district was called Karthaus (Westpr.) .
In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army , which ended the German occupation of this part of Poland. In the following period immigrated German were under German occupation as well as complete ancestral German-speaking Poland , provided they had not fled before, mostly from the district sold . The powiat Kartuski revived and was again part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, which had resumed official business on March 14, 1945. On April 1, 1945, the district came to the newly formed Gdansk Voivodeship (1945-1975) .
District Administrator
- 1939– Herbert Busch
Place names
By unpublished decree of December 29, 1939, the German place names valid until 1918 were provisionally valid with regard to the previously Polish place names. This global renaming was possible because the entire German map series for the areas ceded to Poland in 1920 (also) continued to use the earlier German place names.
By means of the order concerning the change of place names of the Reich Governor in Danzig-West Prussia of June 25, 1942, all place names were Germanized with the consent of the Reich Minister of the Interior. Either the name from 1918 was retained or - if "not German" enough - acoustically adjusted or translated, for example:
- Banin: Bullenbrook,
- Chmielno: Schmellen,
- Karthaus : Karthaus (Western Pr.),
- Kossowo: Kossau,
- Miechutschin: Mechenhof,
- Remboschewo: Broddenfurt,
- Sianowo : Schwanau,
- Sierakowitz: first Rockdorf, then Sierke,
- Zukowo: Zuckau.
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 44-45, item 7.
- Wilhelm Brauer et al. (Ed.): The Karthaus district, a West Prussian homeland book. Lübeck 1978.
- Willy Heidn: The localities of the Karthaus / Westpr. in the past. In: Scientific contributions to the history and regional studies of Eastern Central Europe published by the Johann Gottfried Herder Institute. No. 73, Marburg / Lahn 1965.
- Willy Heidn: The history of the Karthaus district (From the end of the order's rule 1466–1945) (= special publications of the Association for Family Research in East and West Prussia , No. 20). Hamburg 1971.
- Peter Letkemann: The Prussian administration of the administrative district Danzig 1815 - 1870. Marburg / Lahn 1967.
- Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. West Prussia - district of Karthaus. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ACA Friedrich: Historical-geographical representation of old and new Poland . Berlin 1839, p. 625.
Web links
- Historical data
- Karthaus district administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 12, 2013.
- Uwe Kerntopf: Index of the localities in the district of Karthaus, Province of West Prussia (December 1, 1905)
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (ed.): Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . tape 2 . Marienwerder 1789, p. 62 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Max Töppen: Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Justus Perthes, Gotha 1858, p. 352 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Erich Winguth: Directory of the non-governmental archives of the Bütow district, Köslin district. In: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Digital Library. Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, accessed on August 9, 2017 .
- ^ Territorial.de: District of Bütow
- ↑ Leszek Belzyt: Linguistic minorities in the Prussian state from 1815 to 1914. Marburg 1998. p. 97.
- ↑ Database of members of the Reichstag ( memento of the original from January 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Victory candidates in the Reichstag elections in the Neustadt-Putzig-Karthaus constituency
- ↑ Municipal directory 1910 with population figures
Administrative districts: Gdansk | Marienwerder
Districts: Gdansk | Elbing | Graudenz | Thorn
Counties: Berent | Briesen | Gdansk | Danzig Heights | Danzig Lowlands | German crown | Dirschau | Elbing | Flatow | Graudenz | Karthaus | Konitz | Kulm | Löbau | Marienburg | Marienwerder | Neustadt i. Western pr. | Prussian Stargard | Cute | Rosenberg i. Western pr. | Schlochau | Schwetz | Strasburg i. Western pr. | Stuhm | Thorn | Tuchel