Lidija Karlowna Lepin

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Lidija Karlovna Lepin ( Russian Лидия Карловна Лепинь ; born March 23 . Jul / 4. April  1891 . Greg in St. Petersburg , † 4. September 1985 in Riga ) was a Russian - Soviet physical chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Lepin's Latvian father Karl Ivanovich Lepin (1864–1942) was a forester , worked in the forests of Livonia and the Novgorod governorate, and finally managed the estates of Prince Golitsyn . Lepin's mother, Ekaterina Alexejewna, born Schelkowskaja (1867-1956), was Russian .

Lepin attended the private girls' high school of the LF Rzhevskaya in Moscow, graduating with a gold medal in 1909 and then studied in the Moscow advanced courses for women in the physics and mathematics department set up by Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier . There taught Nikolay Zelinsky , Sergey Namyotkin , Alexander Nikolayevich Reformatski and Sergei Gavrilovich Krapiwin . In addition, she planned to study piano at the Moscow Conservatory . Her first teacher was the pianist and conservatory professor AA Jaroschewski. Her musical talent was valued by Sergei Wassiljewitsch Rachmaninow and Alexander Fjodorowitsch Goedicke .

Lepin carried out her first scientific work during World War I in a field laboratory on the Western Front that was set up in autumn 1915 and was headed by Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Schilow . Were examined there, the quality of the gas masks and in particular the processes of gas - adsorption of activated carbon and their efficiency, resulting in improved gas masks. The substances used by the German Army were also analyzed . Lepin also investigated the adsorption of cholesterol on activated charcoal with a view to the development of atherosclerosis . (The laboratory was well equipped and was named after the October Revolution of Timiryazev - Agricultural Academy . Handed)

Lepin graduated at the Moscow Higher Courses woman with her supervised by SS Namjotkin and NA Schilowo thesis on the catalytic decomposition of fats by sulfo naphthenic acids with a degree I. class. In November 1917, Lepin passed the state exams for working in research institutions and teaching at universities.

From 1917 Lepin taught analytical chemistry and inorganic chemistry at the Institute for Economics in Moscow and from 1920 as the first woman at the University of Moscow (MGU). In the 1920s she traveled to Germany several times . In Berlin with Max Bodenstein , she synthesized inorganic, oxygen-free nitrogen compounds in a series of works and investigated their properties. She also visited the laboratories of Fritz Haber , Wolfgang Ostwald and others. She then worked in the Laboratory for Inorganic Synthesis at the Moscow Technical University, which was established between 1926 and 1927 . In 1930 Lepin received an unscheduled position in the Russian Chemical Research Institute at MGU. From 1932 she worked in the Military Chemistry Academy of the Red Army and headed the chair for colloid chemistry . In 1934 she was appointed professor . In 1937 she was without defending a dissertation for doctor PhD of chemical sciences. This made her one of the first female doctorates in chemical sciences in the USSR . She investigated the surface reactions to corrosion and found in 1938 that the passivation of metals and the low solubility of precious metals result from the formation of surface compounds .

During the German-Soviet War , Lepin headed the chair for general chemistry at MGU from 1941 to 1943 and, in 1942, for a time the chair for inorganic chemistry . At the chair for general chemistry, a process for the industrial production of a special active silica gel for decolorizing and cleaning kerosene , mineral oil and solvents was developed under Lepin's direction , after which 300 kg of it were produced in the MGU laboratory . A wood raw material for fire- fighting foam was produced, and the production of foam from methanol was regulated. On behalf of the People's Commissariat for Defense, recipes for the production of explosives and highly flammable substances were developed and documented.

In 1945 Lepin accepted the position offered to her at the Latvian University in Riga and worked in Moscow and Riga until the end of 1946. Then she gave up the work in Moscow and was now professor of the Department of Physical Chemistry at the Latvian University . From July 1, 1946, she also worked at the Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) as Deputy Director (1946-1958), Director (1958-1959), Head of the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry (1959-1960) and senior researcher (from 1960). Her research focus was corrosion. She investigated corrosion processes at elevated temperatures and the properties of anti-corrosion layers . She found colloid chemical effects in the inhibition of metal corrosion processes and the laws governing the kinetics of the oxidation of metals in solutions . Recommendations for the protection of metal structures against corrosion were developed by their employees, which were followed during the construction of the hydropower plants in Stockmannshof and Riga. She developed the so-called hydride theory (1955–1959), according to which the reactions of metals with water initially form unstable metal hydrides and then hydroxides .

In 1951 Lepin was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, in which there were previously no chemists. She took part in the organization of the activities of the Mendeleev All-Union Society of Chemistry in the Latvian SSR, of which she was elected an honorary member. In 1958 she moved from the Latvian University to the Riga Polytechnic Institute and founded the Chair of Physical Chemistry. She wrote textbooks and translated, among other things, Wilhelm Ostwald's textbook on inorganic chemistry. Jānis Stradiņš was a student of Lepin.

In 1962 Lepin was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR.

The geneticist Tenis Karlowitsch Lepin was probably Lepin's younger brother.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Кадек В. М., Локенбах А. К .: Лидия Карловна Лепинь (к 90-летию со дня рождения) . In: Журн. физ. химии. tape 55 , no. 4 , 1981, p. 1097-1099 .
  2. ↑ a b c Jānis Stradiņš : Жизненный путь и научная деятельность Лидии Карловны Лепинь . In: Изв. АН ЛатвССР. Сер. Хим. No. 1 , 1981, p. 3-11 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Landeshelden: Лепинь Лидия Карловна (accessed on June 10, 2020).
  4. ↑ Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie, Joy Dorothy Harvey: The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: LZ . Taylor & Francis , 2000, pp. 774 .
  5. ↑ a b Валькова О. А., Гриневич И. И .: Московский период творчества Лидии Карловны Лепинь (1891–1985) . In: Scientific journal of Riga Technical University . tape 19 , 2012, p. 44-52 .
  6. ↑ Московский университет в Великой Отечественной войне . 4th edition. Издательство Московского университета, Moscow 2020, ISBN 978-5-19-011499-7 , p. 115 .
  7. ↑ Лепинь Л. К .: Некоторые итоги работ за 20 лет в области химии металлов и их коррозии . In: Изв. АН ЛатвССР. Сер. хим. No. 8 , 1967, p. 3-11 .
  8. ↑ Профессора Московского университета. 1755-2004: Биографический словарь. Том 1: А-Л . Изд-во МГУ, Moscow 2005.
  9. ↑ Лепинь Л. К .: О гидридном механизме реакции металл + вода . In: Изв. АН ЛатвССР. Сер. хим. No. 2 , 1978, p. 152-157 .
  10. ↑ a b Страдынь Я.П .: Памяти академика Л.К. Лепинь . In: Изв. АН ЛатвССР. Сер. хим. No. 2 , 1986, p. 131-137 .
personal data
SURNAME Lepin, Lidija Karlowna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Лепинь, Лидия Карловна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-Soviet physical chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH 4th September 1985
Place of death Riga