List of United States military operations
The list of military operations of the United States is one of military operations of the United States on.
list
1775 to 1800
Beginning | The End | region | Military operation |
---|---|---|---|
April 19, 1775 | September 3, 1783 | North America | American War of Independence |
1776 | 1890 | North America | Indian Wars |
1798 | 1800 | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea | The quasi-war was an unexplained naval war between the United States and France on different seas. |
1801 to 1900
Beginning | The End | region | Military operation |
---|---|---|---|
1801 | 1805 | Tunisia | American-Tripolitan War |
June 18, 1812 | February 18, 1815 | British-American War | |
1815 | 1815 | Second barbarian war | |
1838 | 1839 | Aroostook war | |
1848 | North America | Annexation of Texas , which belonged to Mexico until 1836 and was an independent state thereafter. The result is a war between Mexico and the United States that lasted until 1848, ending with the conquest of California , New Mexico , Arizona , Nevada , Utah and parts of Kansas , Colorado and Wyoming . Mexico loses about half of its previous national territory. | |
Japan | Commodore Matthew Perry uses the threat of military force to force the opening of the Japanese ports. | ||
July 9, 1854 | July 15, 1854 | Nicaragua | Destruction of San Juan del Norte (Greytown, see Bombing Greytown ) after the US ambassador was injured by an angry crowd and no compensation was given. |
1857 | 1858 | Utah war | |
April 12, 1861 | June 23, 1865 | North America | Civil War |
Cuba | Participation in the Cuban liberation struggle against the Spanish colonization. The United States unleash the Spanish-American War and, after the Spanish defeat, place Cuba under its military administration. | ||
June 12, 1898 | 4th July 1902 | Philippines | With the help of the United States at war with Spain, the Philippines break away from Spain and declare themselves independent. In the Philippine-American War they are subjugated by the United States, contrary to original promises, which in turn is now establishing a colonialist regime. |
August 12, 1898 | Kingdom of Hawaii | Annexation of the until then independent Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii . | |
December 10, 1898 | Puerto Rico | After the American-Spanish War, the island is annexed by the United States due to the defeat of Spain. | |
1900 | China | In the Boxer Rebellion , a detachment of US Marines is involved in the defense of the embassy district in Beijing. Some regiments of the US Army were also deployed as part of the Eight States' International Expeditionary Corps to relieve the embassy district. |
1901 to 1928
Beginning | The End | region | Military operation |
---|---|---|---|
March 23, 1903 | March 31, 1903 | Honduras | US troops land at Puerto Cortez to protect the US consulate and shipyard during revolutionary unrest. |
November 3, 1903 | Panama | In order to secure control rights over the canal construction begun by the French, the United States supports the separation of Panama from Colombia . The Panama Canal , completed in 1914 and officially commissioned in 1920 , becomes American territory. | |
1905 | Dominican Republic | In 1905, when four European countries dispatched warships because of the impending insolvency of the Dominican Republic , the USA took over the customs authorities and reduced the foreign debt within two years from 40 to 17 million dollars. | |
1906 | 1909 | Cuba | Military intervention in Cuba |
March 18, 1907 | June 8, 1907 | Honduras | To protect American interests during a war between Honduras and Nicaragua, US troops are stationed in Trujillo, Ceiba, Puerto Cortez, San Pedro Sula, Laguna and Choloma. |
1909 | 1925 | Nicaragua | US military intervention in Nicaragua 1909–1925 - American forces intervene in domestic political disputes in the country. |
1911 | 1925 | Honduras | Various interventions secure the monopoly of the American-owned banana industry. The country becomes completely economically and politically dependent on the United States. |
1912 | 1925 | Nicaragua | Nicaragua is placed under American financial and military control. |
1914 | 1915 | Mexico | Interfering in domestic political power struggles (protection of the government of Venustiano Carranzas ). |
1915 | 1934 | Haiti | Occupation of the Caribbean Republic. Manage the country like a protectorate . After the withdrawal of American troops, American financial sovereignty remains in place (until 1947). |
February 18, 1916 | Nicaragua | The United States enforces the right to establish military bases. | |
March 1916 / February 1917: | Mexico | American punitive expedition to Mexico | |
1916 | 1924 | Dominican Republic | Occupation of the Dominican Republic. After the handover of government responsibility to Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos in 1922, he withdrew in 1924 (President Horacio Vásquez ), with the agreement of permanent US customs sovereignty, which was continued until 1940. |
1917 | 1919 | Participation of the American Expeditionary Forces in the First World War on the side of the Entente against the Central Powers . | |
1917 | 1919 | Cuba | Military intervention in Cuba |
1918 | 1920 | Russia | During the Russian Civil War joint intervention with the British and French alongside the White Army in the Arkhangelsk area ( Polar Bear Expedition ) and jointly with the Japanese in the Vladivostok area ( American Expeditionary Force Siberia ) |
September 8, 1919 | September 12, 1919 | Honduras | Military intervention prevents a revolution. |
1924 | Honduras | February 28 to March 31 and September 10 to 15, 1924: Honduras - US forces intervene to protect American citizens and interests during the pre-election riots. | |
September 1924 | Republic of China | US marines land in Shanghai to protect Americans and other foreigners during riots. | |
January 15, 1925 | August 29, 1925 | Republic of China | Fights between Chinese groups lead to the landing of US troops in Shanghai. |
April 19, 1925 | April 21, 1925 | Honduras | US troops land at La Ceiba during political unrest. |
1926 | 1933 | Nicaragua | US military intervention in Nicaragua 1926–1933 , occupation of Nicaragua. Augusto César Sandino opposes her in a guerrilla war . |
Briand-Kellogg Pact (1928)
In 1928, on a Franco-American initiative, the war of aggression , which served to incorporate foreign territory, was for the first time ever outlawed under international law by the Briand-Kellogg Pact .
1928 to 2000
Beginning | The End | region | Military operation |
---|---|---|---|
1941 | 1945 | worldwide | World War II - The United States is critically involved in various theaters of war in Europe, Africa and Asia. Opponents are National Socialist Germany , Fascist Italy and the Imperial Japanese Empire . |
June 26, 1949 | September 30, 1949 | West Berlin |
In West Berlin , the United States and its allies set up an airlift to supply the city during the Berlin blockade by the Soviet Union . |
1950 | 1953 | Korea |
The United States joins United Nations troops and rushes to aid South Korea , which is in dire straits after a surprise attack by the communist north . Not all military actions by the resolution of the UN Security Council met. |
Egypt | On the occasion of the Suez Crisis, the United States sends several warships and aircraft carriers into the Eastern Mediterranean, forcing the United Kingdom and France to end their military intervention in the Suez Canal . | ||
July 1958 | until October 1958 | Lebanon | The United States is intervening in disputes in Lebanon at the request of Christian President Camille Chamoun . |
April 17, 1961 | Cuba | A guerrilla group of Cubans in exile , trained and equipped by the United States, fails in the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. The operation is being prepared by the American bombing of Cuban air defenses. | |
October / November 1962 |
Cuba | A total blockade is imposed on the island during the so-called Cuban Missile Crisis. | |
May 1964 | March 1970 | Laos | Lao Civil War - Airplanes and ground troops (around 10,000 men) launch attacks on Pathet Lao territories . However, after years of fighting, no military solution emerged and the American intervention forces left the country in March 1970. |
1964 | 1975 | Vietnam | The United States is heavily involved in the Vietnam War . Around 550,000 American soldiers were deployed at the height of the war. |
April 1965 | September 1965 | Dominican Republic | Operation Power Pack - After the overthrow of left-wing President Juan Bosch and the installation of a military junta, a civil war breaks out . The multinational troops under the leadership of the USA intervene and initiate new elections, from which Joaquín Balaguer - who previously served the Trujillo dictatorship for 30 years (see Rafael Trujillo ) - emerges victorious. |
May 1965 | Cambodia | The United States is bombing border villages along the Vietnamese border. The country is thereby embroiled in the Vietnam War. | |
1967 | Bolivia | With the help of the CIA, the Cuban revolutionary Ernesto Che Guevara is tracked down in Bolivia and shot on October 9, 1967. | |
April 30, 1970 | June 30, 1970 | Cambodia | Attack from April 30th to June 30th with the aim of securing the withdrawal of American forces from South Vietnam and supporting the Vietnamization program. |
September 1970 | Jordan | In the Jordanian civil war, the royal family asked for help and the USA sent aircraft carriers and warships to the eastern Mediterranean. | |
Angola | The United States supports the UNITA rebels in their fight against the Marxist-Leninist MPLA government. | ||
1977 | 1992 | El Salvador | The United States supports the governments it appoints or approves in the fight against the Marxist-Leninist opposition through arms deliveries and training. |
April 25, 1980 | Iran | The United States' military operation Operation Eagle Claw to free the American hostages in the occupied US embassy in Tehran fails. | |
1981 | Afghanistan | From 1981: The United States provides financial, military and logistical aid to the mujahedin and other Afghan resistance fighters in their struggle against the Soviet occupation of the country. | |
1982 | Nicaragua |
From 1982: Contras , opponents of the Sandinista in Nicaragua operating from Honduras, receive military and logistical help from the USA. |
|
September 1983 | Lebanon | The United States participates in an international peacekeeping force in the Lebanese civil war . The intervention fails after several bloody suicide attacks and the multinational armed forces leave Lebanon (February / March 1984). | |
October 25, 1983 | Grenada | The left-wing Prime Minister Maurice Bishop is overthrown and executed by coup plotters. The announcement of the new government to establish a military dictatorship prompts the Governor General to submit a request for military intervention , which the states of the Organization of East Caribbean States (OECS) also follow. | |
April 14, 1986 | Libya | In retaliation for Libyan acts of terrorism, the United States bombs targets in Tripoli and Benghazi ( Operation El Dorado Canyon ). | |
3rd July 1988 | Iran | The flight Iran Air 655 , a passenger aircraft of the type Airbus A300 of Iran Air , is the Strait of Hormuz by the guided missile cruiser USS Vincennes (CG-49) shot down, which as part of Operation Earnest Will Kuwaiti to protect oil tanker was deployed there . | |
December 20, 1989 | Panama | Panama is occupied ( Operation Just Cause ). The arrested Panamanian ruler, General Manuel Noriega , is transferred to the United States, charged with drug trafficking and money laundering, and sentenced on July 10, 1992 to 40 years in prison. | |
March 1990 | Liberia | From March 1990 was in response to the Liberian civil war , the Operation Sharp Edge instead. In August 1990, 1,648 foreigners and refugees were rescued from the capital Monrovia and other assembly points in the hinterland. Subsequently, the military presence ensured a temporary calming of the situation. | |
1990 | Colombia | From 1990 onwards, during the drug war in Colombia , the United States supports paramilitary units to fight communist rebels ( FARC-EP ). | |
August 8, 1990 | Saudi Arabia | After the Iraqi attack on Kuwait on August 2, 1990, the United States sent forces to Saudi Arabia in preparation for an attack on Iraq. | |
January / February 1991 | Kuwait | US-led coalition forces, legitimized by a decision of the UN Security Council of the United Nations, marched into Kuwait and ending with Operation Desert Storm , the Iraqi occupation of the country. | |
1992 | Yugoslavia | From 1992 February / March: Under the command of the United Nations, NATO carries out several military operations in favor of the Croats and Bosnians in Yugoslavia, besieged by Serbs in the capital Sarajevo, after the Srebrenica massacre . | |
August 27, 1992 | Iraq | The United States is establishing a no-fly zone in Iraq for Iraqi aircraft north of latitude 36 ° N and south of 33 ° N. The air war is resumed until 2002, ostensibly to deter Saddam Hussein from air strikes on the Iraqi Kurds in the north and the Shiites in the south of the country and to prevent a renewed attack on Kuwait. | |
December 9, 1992 | Somalia | At the request of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and a resolution by the Security Council, the United States is sending 28,000 soldiers to Somalia to end the civil war (withdrawal in 1994 after a bloody attempt to arrest General Mohammed Farah Aidid ). | |
June 27, 1993 | Iraq | Warships go out against Iraq and fire 23 cruise missiles into Baghdad . | |
August 1994 | August 1994 | Haiti | Under pressure from the United Nations Security Council, American troops enforce the reinstallation of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who was overthrown in a military coup in 1991 . |
August 20, 1998 | Sudan | In retaliation for the terrorist attacks on the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania , the United States carries out an air strike on an alleged poison gas factory that later turned out to be the Ash Shifa drug factory . | |
March | June 1999 | Yugoslavia | Kosovo War - NATO, under the command of the United States, carried out extensive bombing against targets in Yugoslavia to force the withdrawal of Serbian military and police forces from Kosovo . After the conclusion of a ceasefire, the province of Kosovo is secured by KFOR troops and an interim civil government is established under the administration of the United Nations . |
2001 until today
Beginning | The End | region | Military operation |
---|---|---|---|
November 2001 | Afghanistan | Operation Enduring Freedom: In the wake of the terrorist attacks by Islamist fundamentalists (mostly Saudi Arabians) in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001, US soldiers supported the Afghan National Army in its fight against the Taliban . | |
From 2001 onwards | Somalia | Operation Enduring Freedom: The US Navy secures sea trade routes around Somali waters . | |
March 20, 2003 | Iraq | Operation Iraqi Freedom: Armed forces of a 48-nation coalition attacked Iraq in the Third Gulf War and overthrew Saddam Hussein's government . Iraq was temporarily administered as a protectorate, elections were held in the summer of 2005 and the business of government was officially handed over to the elected government. American troops left the country in 2011. | |
March 2004 | Haiti | After the overthrow of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, the United States sent 50, later 200 men to Haiti to prepare a multinational transition force of the United Nations Security Council . | |
Somalia | The US Navy fights Somali pirates in conjunction with other naval units from various participating nations. | ||
Spring 2011 | Libya | Military air strikes as well as naval missions with cruise missiles against Libya in order to enforce a no-fly zone and prevent military strikes by the ruler Muammar al-Gaddafi against the insurgents in the country supported by the USA. | |
March 2014 | Uganda | US special forces arrived in Uganda in March to assist African Union forces in their search for the suspected war criminal Joseph Kony . | |
2014 | Liberia | Operation United Assistance : To combat the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, US troops set up treatment facilities in Liberia from September with the participation of 539 soldiers. After the President had spoken of 3,000 soldiers, according to media reports up to 4,700 soldiers are said to be deployed in West Africa. | |
2014 | middle East | The US has been conducting Operation Inherent Resolve since June 2014 to fight the terrorist militia Islamic State . | |
April 7, 2017 | Syria | Air raid on the al-Shehaʿirat military airfield in Syria . | |
April 14, 2018 | Syria | Air strike on Duma in Syria . |
See also
- United States Military History
- List of military operations by Russia and the Soviet Union
- List of known CIA operations
literature
- Benjamin R. Beede: The small wars of the United States, 1899-2009. An annotated bibliography , New York, NY / London (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) 2014, ISBN 978-0-415-98888-9 , ISBN 978-1-138-86781-9 , ISBN 978-0-203-85434- 1 .
- Ward Churchill : On the Justice of Roosting Chickens. Reflections on the Consequences of US Imperial Arrogance and Criminality . AK-Press, Edinburgh et al. 2003, ISBN 1-902593-79-0 .
- Russell Crandall: America's Dirty Wars: Irregular Warfare from 1776 to the War on Terror. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2014, ISBN 978-0-5211-7662-0 .
- Lesley Gill: The School of the Americas. Military Training and Political Violence in the Americas. Duke University Press, Durham NC et al. 2004, ISBN 0-8223-3392-9 .
- Chalmers Johnson : The Suicide of American Democracy. Blessing, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-89667-226-6 .
- Nicole Schley, Sabine Busse: The wars of the USA. Chronicle of an aggressive nation. Hugendubel, Kreuzlingen et al. 2003, ISBN 3-7205-2474-4 .
Web links
- List of American war missions after World War II until 1999
- William Blum, Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II (English)
- William Blum: US-American Foreign Policy. A study on hypocrisy ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Richard F. Grimmett: Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2004 . List and brief description of all American interventions
Individual evidence
- ↑ au.af.mil: Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798 - 2004
- ↑ http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/08/22/macedonia.timeline/
- ↑ US sending special operations forces, CV-22 Ospreys to Uganda , NavyTimes, March 24, 2014
- ↑ USA sends 3,000 soldiers to West Africa , NZZ, September 16, 2014
- ↑ US Military Effort to Combat Ebola in Africa to Enter New Phase , The Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2014
- ^ Inherent Resolve