Lord Seal Keeper
The Lord Privy Seal ( Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal , or shortly Lord Privy Seal ) is one of the oldest offices in the English or British government . Originally, the Lord Seal Keeper was responsible for the private royal seal .
The Lord Privy Seal is the fifth among the great officer of state , the great government officials . Only the Lord President of the Council ( President of the Privy Council ), the Lord High Treasurer ( Lord Treasurer ), the Lord High Chancellor ( Lord Chancellor ) and, at the top of the list, the Lord High Steward ( Truchsess ) stand above him .
The Lord Privy Seal is one of the most influential figures in the history of England and the United Kingdom because there was no hierarchy of office in government, so the policy-making minister was not only the First Lord of the Treasury , but also the Lord Privy Seal or who could be the Lord President of the Council . In 1902, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury , was Prime Minister as Lord Seal Keeper, while Arthur Balfour was First Lord of the Treasury .
Several times the office was also run on commission, i. That is , several commissioners were hired to carry out the official business, which considerably reduced the influence of this position.
Today the Lord Privy Seal will be occupied by the Crown on the proposal of the Prime Minister. Usually the Chairs of the House of Commons or House of Lords assume the post of Lord Privy Seal . Today the office can best be compared to that of a minister with no portfolio.
In addition to the Lord Privy Seal , there was also the office of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal , i.e. the keeper of the public seal - an office that was awarded as an alternative to that of the Lord Chancellor and included similar duties. In medieval France, the office of Gardien du Sceaux was mostly entrusted to the Chancelier de France .
Lords Privy Seal of England 1307–1707
- William Melton (1307-1312)
- Roger Northburgh (1312-1316)
- Thomas Charlton (1316-1320)
- Robert Baldock (1320-1323)
- Robert Wodehouse (1323)
- Robert Ayleston (1323-1324)
- William Airmyn (1324-1325)
- Henry Cliffe (1325)
- William Herlaston (1325-1326)
- Robert Wyvell (1326-1327)
- Richard Airmyn (1327-1328)
- Adam Lymbergh (1328-1329)
- Richard Bury , Bishop of Durham (1329-1334)
- Robert Ayleston (1334)
- Robert Tawton (1334-1335)
- William Zouche (1335-1337)
- Richard Bintworth (1337-1338)
- William Kilsby (1338-1342)
- John Offord (1342-1344)
- Thomas Hatfield (1344-1345)
- John of Thoresby (1345-1347)
- Simon Islip , Archbishop of Canterbury (1347-1350)
- Michael Northburgh (1350-1354)
- Thomas Bramber (1354-1355)
- John Winwick (1355-1360)
- John Buckingham , Bishop of Lincoln (1360-1363)
- William of Wykeham (1363-1367)
- Peter Lacy (1367-1371)
- Nicholas Carew (1371-1377)
- John Fordham (1377-1381)
- William Dighton (1381-1382)
- Walter Skirclaw , Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1382–1386)
- John Waltham , Bishop of Salisbury (1386–1389)
- Edmund Stafford , Bishop of Exeter (1389-1396)
- Guy Mone (1396-1397)
- Richard Clifford (1397-1401)
- Thomas Langley (1401-1405)
- Nicholas Bubwith (1405-1406)
- John Prophet (1406-1415)
- John Wakering , Bishop of Norwich (1415-1416)
- Henry Ware (1416-1418)
- John Kemp , Bishop of Rochester (1418-1421)
- John Stafford (1421-1422)
- William Alnwick , Bishop of Norwich (1422-1432)
- William Lyndwood , Bishop of St David's (1432–1443)
- Thomas Beckington , Bishop of Bath and Wells (1443–1444)
- Adam Moleyns , Bishop of Chichester (1444–1450)
- Andrew Holes (1450-1452)
- Thomas Lisieux (1452-1456)
- Lawrence Booth , Bishop of Durham (1456-1460)
- Robert Stillington , Bishop of Bath and Wells (1460–1467)
- Thomas Rotheram , Bishop of Rochester (1467-1470)
- John Hales , Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1470–1471)
- Thomas Rotheram , Bishop of Rochester (1471–1474)
- John Russell , Bishop of Rochester, later Bishop of Lincoln (1473–1483)
- John Gunthorp (1483–1485)
- Peter Courtenay , Bishop of Exeter (1485–1487)
- Richard Fox , Bishop of Exeter, later Bishop of Bath and Wells, Bishop of Durham and Bishop of Winchester (1487–1516)
- Thomas Ruthall , Bishop of Durham (1516–1523)
- Henry Marney, 1st Baron Marney (1523)
- Cuthbert Tunstall , Bishop of London (1523–1530)
- Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (1530-1536)
- Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (1536-1540)
- William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton (1540-1542)
- John Russell, 1st Earl Bedford (1542–1555)
- Robert Rochester (1555)
- William Paget, 1st Baron Paget (1555–1558)
- William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1571–1572)
- William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham (1572–1573)
- Sir Thomas Smith (1573-1576)
- Francis Walsingham (1576-1590)
- William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1590–1598)
- Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (1598–1608)
- Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton (1608-1614)
- Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset (1614-1616)
- Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (1616-1625)
- Sir John Coke (1625-1628)
- Sir Robert Naunton (1628)
- Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester (1628–1642)
- Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falklands (1643)
- Sir Edward Nicholas (1643-1644)
- Henry Bourchier, 5th Earl of Bath (1644-1654)
- John Robartes, 2nd Baron Robartes (1661–1673)
- Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey (1673–1682)
- George Saville, 1st Marquess of Halifax (1682–1685)
- Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon (1685–1687)
- Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour (1687–1688)
- George Saville, 1st Marquess of Halifax (1689-1690)
- In Commission 1690-1692
- Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke (1692–1699)
- John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale (1699-1700)
- Ford Gray, 1st Earl of Tankerville (1700–1701)
- In Commission 1701-1702
- John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (1702-1705)
- John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1705–1707)
Lords Privy Seal of Great Britain 1707–1801
- John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1707-1711)
- John Robinson , Bishop of Bristol (1711-1713)
- William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth (1713-1714)
- Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton (1714-1715)
- In Commission 1715
- Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (1715-1716)
- Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull (1716–1719)
- Henry Gray, 1st Duke of Kent (1719-1720)
- Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull (1720–1726)
- Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor (1726–1730)
- Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington (1730-1731)
- In Commission 1731
- William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (1731–1733)
- Henry Lowther, 3rd Viscount Lonsdale (1733-1735)
- Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin (1735–1740)
- John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey (1740–1742)
- John Leveson-Gower, 2nd Baron Gower (1742–1743)
- George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley (1743–1744)
- John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower (1744–1755)
- Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (1755)
- Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower (1755–1757)
- Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple (1757–1761)
- In Commission 1761
- John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1761–1763)
- George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough (1763–1765)
- Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne , (1765–1766)
- William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (1766–1768)
- George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol (1768–1770)
- George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1770–1771)
- Henry Howard, 12th Earl of Suffolk (1771)
- Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (1771–1775)
- William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth (1775–1782)
- Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (1782–1783)
- Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle (1783)
- Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (1783–1784)
- In Commission 1784
- Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Marquess of Stafford (1784–1794)
- George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer (1794)
- John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham (1794–1798)
- John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland (1798-1801)
Lords Privy Seal of the United Kingdom 1801-present
- John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland (1801-1806)
- Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (1806)
- Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland (1806-1807)
- John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland (1807-1827)
- William Bentinck, 4th Duke of Portland (1827)
- George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle (1827–1828)
- Edward Law, 2nd Baron Ellenborough (1828–1829)
- James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn (1829-1830)
- John Lambton, 1st Baron Durham (1830-1833)
- Frederick Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon (1833–1834)
- George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle (1834)
- Constantine Henry Phipps, 2nd Earl of Mulgrave (1834)
- James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe (1834–1835)
- John William Ponsonby, Viscount Duncannon (1835–1840)
- George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (1840–1841)
- Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (1841–1842)
- Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch (1842–1846)
- Thomas Hamilton, 9th Earl of Haddington (1846)
- Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto (1846-1852)
- James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury (1852)
- George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (1853–1855)
- Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby (1855-1858)
- Ulick John de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde (1858)
- Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke (1858-1859)
- George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (1859–1866)
- James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury (1866–1868)
- John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley (1868–1870)
- Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax (1870–1874)
- James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury (1874–1876)
- Benjamin Disraeli (1876-1878)
- Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1878–1880)
- George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (1880-1881)
- Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford (1881-1885)
- Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (1885)
- Dudley Ryder, 3rd Earl of Harrowby (1885–1886)
- William Ewart Gladstone (1886)
- George Cadogan, 5th Earl Cadogan (1886-1892)
- William Ewart Gladstone (1892-1894)
- Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth (1894–1895)
- Richard Cross, 1st Viscount Cross (1895-1900)
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1900–1902)
- Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour (1902-1903)
- James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury (1903-1905)
- George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (1905-1908)
- Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Earl of Crewe (1908–1911)
- Charles Robert Wynn Carrington, 1st Earl Carrington (1911-1912)
- Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe (1912–1915)
- George Curzon, 1st Earl Curzon (1915-1916)
- David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford (1916-1919)
- Andrew Bonar Law (1919-1921)
- Austen Chamberlain (1921-1922)
- Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (1922–1924)
- John Robert Clynes (1924)
- James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury (1924–1929)
- James Henry Thomas (1929-1930)
- Vernon Hartshorn (1930-1931)
- Thomas Johnston (1931)
- William Peel, 1st Earl Peel (1931)
- Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden (1931-1932)
- Stanley Baldwin (1932-1934)
- Anthony Eden (1934-1935)
- Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (1935)
- Edward Wood, 3rd Viscount Halifax (1935–1937)
- Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr (1937–1938)
- Sir John Anderson (1938-1939)
- Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood (1939-1940)
- Sir Kingsley Wood (1940)
- Clement Attlee (1940-1942)
- Sir Stafford Cripps (1942)
- Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne (1942–1943)
- Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook (1943–1945)
- Arthur Greenwood (1945-1947)
- Philip Inman, 1st Baron Inman (1947)
- Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison (1947–1951)
- Ernest Bevin (1951)
- Richard Stokes (1951)
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury (1951–1952)
- Harry Crookshank (1952–1955)
- Rab Butler (1955-1959)
- Quintin McGarel Hogg, 2nd Viscount Hailsham (1959-1960)
- Edward Heath (1960-1963)
- Selwyn Lloyd (1963-1964)
- Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford (1964-1965)
- Sir Frank Soskice (1965–1966)
- Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford (1966–1968)
- Edward Shackleton , Baron Shackleton (1968)
- Fred Peart, Baron Peart (1968)
- Edward Shackleton , Baron Shackleton (1968–1970)
- George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe (1970–1973)
- David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham (1973–1974)
- Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd (1974–1976)
- Fred Peart, Baron Peart (1976-1979)
- Sir Ian Gilmour (1979-1981)
- Humphrey Atkins (1981-1982)
- Janet Young, Baroness Young (1982-1983)
- John Biffen (1983-1987)
- John Wakeham (1987-1988)
- John Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead (1988–1990)
- David Waddington , Baron Waddington (1990-1992)
- John Wakeham , Baron Wakeham (1992–1994)
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne (1994–1997)
- Ivor Richard , Baron Richard (1997-1998)
- Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington (1998-2001)
- Gareth Wyn Williams , Baron Williams of Mostyn (2001-2003)
- Peter Hain (2003-2005)
- Geoff Hoon (2005-2006)
- Jack Straw (2006-2007)
- Harriet Harman (2007-2010)
- George Young (2010-2012)
- Andrew Lansley (2012-2014)
- Tina Stowell, Baroness Stowell of Beeston (2014-2016)
- Natalie Evans, Baroness Evans of Bowes Park (2016–)