Mentzelia

Mentzelia
	Mentzelia laevicaulis
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
Order :	Dogwood-like (Cornales)
Family :	Nettle family (Loasaceae)
Subfamily :	Mentzelioideae
Genre :	Mentzelia
Scientific name
	Mentzelia
	L.

Mentzelia is a genus of plants withinthe nettle family (Loasaceae). The 95 or so species arewidespreadin the New World .

description

Illustration from Curtis's botanical magazine , plate 1487 of Ten-petalled Mentzelia ( Mentzelia decapetala )

Radially symmetrical flower in detail of Mentzelia pectinata

Illustration from The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage; comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring’s by Mentzelia micrantha

Young fruits with a long-life calyx and style from Mentzelia polita

Vegetative characteristics

In Mentzelia TYPES is one to two years or perennial herbaceous plants , half-shrubs , shrubs or small trees . The above-ground parts of the plant are covered with stinging, but not nettle hair. A strong taproot is formed.

The lower leaves are opposite, the upper alternate. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are ovate to triangular-ovate, occasionally pinnate, but mostly lobed, the edge is serrated to pointed. Stipules are missing.

Generative characteristics

The terminal inflorescences are complex, basiton and thyrsenähnlich , occasionally with a long final monochasium . Under each flower there are two frondose prophylls .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and usually five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are often durable. The five petals are white, yellow or orange in color. In some species it appears as if there are ten petals, but the additional five are five corolla-like staminodes . There are numerous, rarely only ten stamens . The stamens are of the same to very different size, the outer stamens are occasionally widened or forked at the upper end. Three carpels have become an under standing, single-chamber ovary grown. In the ovary there are many ovules with parietal placentation . The three thread-like styluses are grown together over almost their entire length. The scar is punctiform.

The sessile or stalked capsule fruits open with three to seven flaps at the top of the fruit and contain a few to many seeds. The long-life calyx and stylus are often located on the capsule fruit. The seeds are angular or flattened on the sides.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome numbers are x = 9, 10 or 11. Chromosome numbers of 2n = 14, 18, 22, 27 or 36 were determined.

Locations

The Mentzelia species mostly inhabit deserts and semi-deserts, but some species are also found in grasslands and rainforests.

Systematics and distribution

Inflorescence of Mentzelia dispersa , with flower from the side, the ovary below is clearly visible

Habit, leaves and flower buds of Mentzelia leucophylla

Inflorescence of Mentzelia micrantha

Radially symmetrical flower in detail of Mentzelia multiflora

Radially symmetrical flower in detail from Mentzelia nuda

Young fruits with a long-life calyx and style from Mentzelia polita

Inflorescence of Mentzelia torreyi

The genus Mentzelia was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné Species Plantarum , 1, page 516. Type species is Mentzelia aspera L. The scientific genus name Mentzelia honors the German doctor and botanist Christian Mentzel (1622–1701). Synonyms for Mentzelia L. are: Acrolasia C.Presl , Bartonia Pursh ex Sims , Bicuspidaria (S.Watson) Rydb. , Chrysostoma Lilja , Creolobus Lilja , Nuttallia Raf. , Trachyphytum Nutt.

The genus Mentzelia belongs to the subfamily Mentzelioideae within the family Loasaceae .

The genus Mentzelia is distributed from Canada via the USA, Mexico and Central America to Argentina and extends to the Galapagos Islands and the Caribbean Islands. The manifold center is Mexico and the southwestern United States .

The genus Mentzelia is divided into six sections:

Mentzelia sect. Bartonia (Torr. & A. Gray) Benth. & Hook. f.
Mentzelia sect. Bicuspidaria S. Watson
Mentzelia sect. Dendromentzelia Urban & Gilg
Mentzelia sect. Mentzelia
Mentzelia sect. Micromentzelia Urban & Gilg
Mentzelia sect. Trachyphytum (Torr. & A. Gray) Benth. & Hook. f.

About 95 species belong to the genus Mentzelia (selection):

Mentzelia affinis Greene : It thrives at altitudes from 0 to 1200 meters in the US states of Arizona as well as California and in the Mexican state of Sonora .
Mentzelia albescens (Gillies ex Arn.) Benth. & Hook. ex Griseb. (Syn .: Mentzelia wrightii A.Gray ): It is distributed from the US states of Kansas , Missouri , Oklahoma , Texas and Colorado to Mexico (only Chihuahua ) and in Uruguay (only Soriano ), Argentina and Chile .
Mentzelia albicaulis (Douglas) Douglas ex Torr. & A.Gray : It is distributed in North America from the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and southern British Columbia via the United States to the Mexican state of Baja Norte .
Mentzelia argillicola N.H. Holmgren & PKHolmgren : It was first described in 2002. So far it has only been found in Lincoln County , Nevada . This rare species thrives at altitudes between 1400 and 1900 meters.
Mentzelia argillosa J.Darlington : This endemic thrives only in the Arapien Shale Formation at altitudes of 1,600 to 1,900 meters in Sevier County and Sanpete County in Utah.
Mentzelia aspera L. (Syn .: mentzelia pedicellata C.Presl , mentzelia stipitata . Sessé & Moc ex DC. , Mentzelia triloba Ruiz & Pav ex EALópez. ): She's from Arizona widespread across Mexico, Central and South America and Caribbean .
Mentzelia asperula Wooton & Standl. : It thrives at altitudes from 0 to 1,800 meters in the US states of Arizona , New Mexico , Texas and in northern and central Mexico.
Mentzelia candelariae H.J. Thomps. & Prigge : It was first described in 1984. This endemic occurs only in Churchill County , Esmeralda County , Mineral County , Nye County and Pershing County in Nevada. It thrives at altitudes from 1100 to 2000 meters.
Mentzelia canyonensis J.J. Schenk , WCHodgson & L.Hufford : It was first described in 2013.
Mentzelia chrysantha Engelmann
Mentzelia collomiae Christy : It occurs in Arizona.
Mentzelia congesta Torr. & A.Gray : It comes from the US states of Oregon , Idaho , Utah , Nevada, Arizona and California to northern Mexico.
Mentzelia conzattii Greenm. : It only occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
Mentzelia cordifolia Dombey ex Urb. & Gilg : It occurs in Bolivia and Peru .
Mentzelia cronquistii H.J. Thomps. & Prigge : It occurs in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah.
Ten-leaved mentcelia ( Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh ex Sims) Urb. ): It is found in Canada and the United States.
Mentzelia densa Greene : It is only found in Colorado .
Mentzelia desertorum (Davidson) HJThomps. & JERoberts : It occurs in Arizona, California and Mexico (Baja California, Sonora).
Mentzelia dispersa S. Watson : It is found in British Columbia, the United States and northern Mexico.
Mentzelia eremophila (Jeps.) HJThomps. & JERoberts : It only occurs in California.
Mentzelia fendleriana Urb. & Gilg : It occurs in Colombia , Ecuador , Venezuela , Bolivia and Peru.
Mentzelia grisebachii Urb. & Gilg
Mentzelia ignea (Phil.) Urb. & Gilg ( Mentzelia fulva Ruiz & Pav. Ex A.López )
Mentzelia integra (MEJones) Tidestr. : It occurs in Arizona, Nevada and Utah.
Mentzelia inyoensis H.J. Thomps. & Prigge : It occurs in California and Nevada at altitudes between 1400 and 2000 meters above sea level.
Mentzelia isolata Gentry : It occurs in Arizona and Mexico.
Mentzelia laciniata (Rydb.) J.Darl. : It only occurs in Colorado.
Smooth-stemmed mentcelia ( Mentzelia laevicaulis (Douglas) Torr. & A.Gray ): It occurs in two varieties in western North America.
Mentzelia leucophylla Brandegee : It is only found in Nevada.
Mentzelia Lindheimeri Urb. & Gilg : It only occurs in Texas.
Lindley Mentzelie ( Mentzelia lindleyi Torr. & A.Gray ): It occurs in California.
Mentzelia marginata (Osterh.) HJThomps. & Prigge : It occurs in Colorado at altitudes between 1500 and 2000 meters above sea level.
Mentzelia mexicana H.J. Thomps. & Zavort. : It occurs in Mexico and Texas.
Mentzelia micrantha (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. & A.Gray : It occurs from California to northern Mexico.
Mentzelia mollis M.Peck : It occurs in Oregon, Idaho and Nevada.
Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) A.Gray : It is found in the United States and northern Mexico.
Mentzelia nitens Greene : It occurs in California and Nevada.
Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & A.Gray : It is found in the western and central United States.
Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. ex Sims : It is distributed from the US states of Missouri via Illinois to Texas and west to Wyoming and Arizona and occurs in Mexico.
Mentzelia oreophila J.Darl. : It occurs in California and Nevada.
Mentzelia pachyrhiza I.M.Johnst. : It occurs in Mexico and Texas.
Mentzelia packardiae Glad : It occurs in Oregon and Nevada.
Mentzelia parvifolia Urb. & Gilg ex Kurtz
Mentzelia polita A. Nelson : It occurs in California and Nevada.
Mentzelia pterosperma Eastw. : It occurs in the US states of Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California and Arizona.
Mentzelia pumila (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray : It is found in New Mexico in the western United Statesand in northern Mexico.
Mentzelia rhizomata Reveal : It is only found in Colorado.
Mentzelia rusbyi Wooton : It occurs in the US states of Colorado, Wyoming , New Mexico, Arizona and Utah.
Mentzelia saxicola H.J. Thomps. & Zavort. : It occurs in Mexico and Texas.
Mentzelia strictissima (Wooton & Standl.) J.Darl. : It occurs in New Mexico and Texas.
Mentzelia torreyi A.Gray : It occurs in the US states of Oregon, Idaho, Nevada and California.

proof

literature

Maximilian Weigend: Loasaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 6: Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-06512-1 , pp. 248 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
Maximilian Weigend: Familial and generic classification. Online , accessed August 1, 2008

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Missouri . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae Larry Hufford, John J. Schenk, Joshua M. Brokaw: Mentzelia Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12 - Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, December 22, 2016 ., ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 .
^ Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on September 23, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z Mentzelia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 23, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Mentzelia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora de Nicaragua . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[FoMissouri-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Missouri . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[FoNA-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae Larry Hufford, John J. Schenk, Joshua M. Brokaw: Mentzelia Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12 - Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, December 22, 2016 ., ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 .

[IPCN-3] Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Tropicos-4] Mentzelia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on September 23, 2017.

[GRIN-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z Mentzelia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 23, 2017.