National Statuary Hall Collection

Part of the National Statuary Hall Collection

The National Statuary Hall Collection in the Capitol of Washington, DC includes statues of prominent citizens of the United States , which by their home states were donated in recognition of their achievements. The collection was originally displayed in the old Chamber of Representatives , now the National Statuary Hall ; the growing collection is now spread across the Capitol.

As of 2006, the collection has consisted of 100 statues donated by the 50 states. The second statue from New Mexico completed the collection. A few years after Congress approved the exchange of statues, Alabama , California, and Kansas exchanged one of their two statues.

On December 1, 2005, Congress passed a law to make a statue of Rosa Parks a law, stating that the statue should be placed in a suitable permanent location in the National Statuary Hall.

history

The concept of a National Statuary Hall emerged in the middle of the 19th century, before the current wing of the House of Representatives was completed in 1857. At that time, the House of Representatives moved into its new, larger plenary chamber and the empty old room became the passage from the rotunda to the new part of the building. Before 1853, the Governor Kemble from New York made suggestions for a new use of the space. He advocated use as a gallery for historical paintings. The space between the pillars seemed too small for this purpose, but the space was suitable for the display of busts and statues.

Unveiling and inauguration of the statue of Po'pay in September 2005; right the sculptor Cliff Fragua.

On April 19, 1864, Vermont Rep. Justin Smith Morrill proposed the creation of the National Statuary Hall. His proposal was passed into law on July 2, 1864. This law gave the President the power to require all states to provide statues made of bronze or marble. These statues were supposed to represent deceased fellow citizens who had campaigned for the respective state in a special way. These statues, a maximum of two per state, should by law be placed in the Old Chamber of Representatives, the National Statuary Hall.

Originally, all statues were placed in the National Statuary Hall. However, the aesthetic appearance of the hall began to suffer from overcrowding, until in 1933 the situation became unbearable. At the time there were 65 statues in the hall, some in three rows. More importantly, the building could no longer have taken the weight of other statues. Therefore, in 1933, the architect of the Capitol was commissioned, subject to the approval of the Joint Committee on the Library , with the help of the Commission of Fine Arts to distribute the existing and future statues on the Capitol. Because of this, it was decided that only one statue from each state would be placed in the National Statuary Hall. The others should be placed in prominent locations in selected areas and corridors.

A second regrouping of the statues was approved by the Committee on the Library in 1976 . To eliminate the overcrowded appearance of the collection, 83 statues, sorted by size and material, have been repositioned in the Statuary Hall. Statues representing ten of the 13 colonies were placed in the central hall of the eastern annex of the Capitol. The rest of the statues were distributed around the Capitol, mainly in the pillared hall and the connecting passages to the House of Representatives and the Senate Wing. In 2005, a law was passed that would allow the collection to contain a statue of any member of the outskirts of the United States . Another law allows the District of Columbia to participate.

Each statue is a gift from the state, not an individual or civic group. The process of donating a statue usually begins in the state parliament, where a resolution is passed that identifies the person to be honored and their qualifications for the honor, a committee or commission to select the sculptor, and options for providing what is needed Means called. In recent years, the statues have been unveiled in a ceremony in the rotunda and then exhibited there for six months. They were then placed in their final location selected by the Committee on the Library . Since 2000, a congress law has allowed statues to be exchanged.

collection

State	Surname	image	material	sculptor	Year of installation	Location
Alabama	Helen Keller		bronze	Edward Hlavka	2009	Capitol Visitor Center
Alabama	Joseph Wheeler		bronze	Berthold Nebel	1925	National Statuary Hall
Alaska	Bob Bartlett		bronze	Felix W. de Weldon	1971	Hallway in the House of Representatives.
Alaska	Ernest Gruening		bronze	George Anthonisen	1977	Capitol Visitor Center
Arizona	Barry Goldwater		bronze	Deborah Copenhaver Fellows	2015	National Statuary Hall
Arizona	Eusebio Francisco cinema		bronze	Suzanne Silvercruys	1965	Capitol Visitor Center
Arkansas	Uriah M. Rose		marble	Frederick Ruckstull	1917	National Statuary Hall
Arkansas	James Paul Clarke		marble	Pompeo Coppini	1921	Capitol Visitor Center
Colorado	Florence Rena Sabin		bronze	Joy Buba	1959	National Statuary Hall
Colorado	Jack Swigert		bronze	George and Mark Lundeen	1997	Capitol Visitor Center
Connecticut	Roger Sherman		marble	Chauncey Ives	1872	crypt
Connecticut	Jonathan Trumbull		marble	Chauncey Ives	1872	Hallway in the House of Representatives.
Delaware	John M. Clayton		marble	Bryant Baker	1934	Capitol Visitor Center
Delaware	Caesar Rodney		marble	Bryant Baker	1934	crypt
Florida	John Gorrie		marble	C. Adrian Pillars	1914	National Statuary Hall
Florida	Edmund Kirby Smith		bronze	C. Adrian Pillars	1922	Capitol Visitor Center
Georgia	Crawford W. Long		marble	J. Massey Rhind	1926	crypt
Georgia	Alexander H. Stephens		marble	John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum	1927	National Statuary Hall
Hawaii	Father Damien		bronze	Marisol Escobar	1969	Portico
Hawaii	Kamehameha I. ( Statues of Kamehameha I. )		bronze	Thomas R. Gould	1969	Capitol Visitor Center
Idaho	George L. Shoup		marble	Frederick E. Triebel	1910	National Statuary Hall
Idaho	William Borah		bronze	Bryant Baker	1947	Capitol Visitor Center
Illinois	James Shields		bronze	Leonard W. Volk	1893	Portico
Illinois	Frances Willard		marble	Helen F. Mears	1905	National Statuary Hall
Indiana	Oliver Hazard Perry Morton		marble	Charles Niehaus	1900	Senate building
Indiana	Lew Wallace		marble	Andrew O'Connor	1910	National Statuary Hall
Iowa	Samuel Jordan Kirkwood		bronze	Vinnie Ream	1913	National Statuary Hall
Iowa	Norman Borlaug		bronze	Benjamin Victor	2014	Portico
California	Ronald Reagan		bronze	Chas Fagan	2009	rotunda
California	Junípero Serra		bronze	Ettore Cadorin	1931	National Statuary Hall
Kansas	John James Ingalls		marble	Charles Niehaus	1905	National Statuary Hall
Kansas	Dwight D. Eisenhower		bronze	Jim Brothers	2003	rotunda
Kentucky	Henry Clay		bronze	Charles Niehaus	1929	National Statuary Hall
Kentucky	Ephraim McDowell		bronze	Charles Niehaus	1929	Capitol Visitor Center
Louisiana	Huey Long		bronze	Charles Keck	1941	National Statuary Hall
Louisiana	Edward Douglass White		bronze	Arthur C. Morgan	1955	Capitol Visitor Center
Maine	William King		marble	Franklin Simmons	1878	Hallway in the House of Representatives
Maine	Hannibal Hamlin		bronze	Charles E. Tefft	1935	National Statuary Hall
Maryland	Charles Carroll		bronze	Richard E. Brooks	1903	crypt
Maryland	John Hanson		bronze	Richard E. Brooks	1903	Hallway in the Senate building
Massachusetts	Samuel Adams		marble	Anne Whitney	1876	crypt
Massachusetts	John Winthrop		marble	Richard S. Greenough	1876	Portico
Michigan	Lewis Cass		marble	Daniel Chester French	1889	National Statuary Hall
Michigan	Zachariah Chandler *		marble	Charles Niehaus	1913	Portico
Minnesota	Henry Mower Rice		marble	Frederick E. Triebel	1916	National Statuary Hall
Minnesota	Maria Sanford		bronze	Evelyn Raymond	1958	Capitol Visitor Center
Mississippi	Jefferson Davis		bronze	Augustus Lukeman	1931	National Statuary Hall
Mississippi	James Z. George		bronze	Augustus Lukeman	1931	Capitol Visitor Center
Missouri	Thomas Hart Benton		marble	Alexander Doyle	1899	National Statuary Hall
Missouri	Francis Preston Blair Jr.		marble	Alexander Doyle	1899	Portico
Montana	Charles M. Russell		bronze	John B. Weaver	1959	National Statuary Hall
Montana	Jeannette Rankin		bronze	Terry Minmaugh	1985	Capitol Visitor Center
Nebraska	William Jennings Bryan		bronze	Rudulph Evans	1937	National Statuary Hall
Nebraska	J. Sterling Morton		bronze	Rudulph Evans	1937	Capitol Visitor Center
Nevada	Pat McCarran		bronze	Yolande Jacobson	1960	National Statuary Hall
Nevada	Sarah Winnemucca		bronze	Benjamin Victor	2005	Capitol Visitor Center
New Hampshire	John Stark		marble	Carl Conrads	1894	crypt
New Hampshire	Daniel Webster		marble	Carl Conrads (after Thomas Ball )	1894	National Statuary Hall
New Jersey	Philip Kearny		bronze	Henry Kirke Brown	1888	crypt
New Jersey	Richard Stockton		marble	Henry Kirke Brown (completed by H. K. Bush-Brown )	1888	Vestibule north of the Senate building
New Mexico	Dennis Chavez		bronze	Felix W. de Weldon	1966	Vestibule north of the rotunda
New Mexico	Po'pay		marble	Cliff Fragua	2005	Capitol Visitor Center
new York	George Clinton		bronze	Henry Kirke Brown	1873	Small house rotunda
new York	Robert R. Livingston		bronze	Erastus Dow Palmer	1875	crypt
North Carolina	Zebulon Baird Vance		bronze	John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum	1916	National Statuary Hall
North Carolina	Charles Brantley Aycock		bronze	Charles Keck	1932	crypt
North Dakota	John Burke		bronze	Avard Fairbanks	1963	National Statuary Hall
North Dakota	Sacajawea		bronze	Arizona bronze studio (after Leonard Crunelle , 1909)	2003	Capitol Visitor Center
Ohio	James A. Garfield		marble	Charles Niehaus	1886	rotunda
Ohio	Thomas Edison		bronze	Alan Cottrill	2016	National Statuary Hall
Oklahoma	Sequoyah		bronze	Vinnie Ream (completed by G. Julian Zolnay )	1917	National Statuary Hall
Oklahoma	Will Rogers		bronze	Jo Davidson	1939	Hallway in the House of Representatives
Oregon	Jason Lee		bronze	Gifford MacG. Proctor	1953	National Statuary Hall
Oregon	John McLoughlin		bronze	Gifford MacG. Proctor	1953	Capitol Visitor Center
Pennsylvania	Robert Fulton		marble	Howard Roberts	1883	National Statuary Hall
Pennsylvania	Peter Muhlenberg		marble	Blanche Nevin	1889	crypt
Rhode Island	Nathanael Greene		marble	Henry Kirke Brown	1870	crypt
Rhode Island	Roger Williams		marble	Franklin Simmons	1872	Hallway in the Senate building
South carolina	John C. Calhoun		marble	Frederick Ruckstull	1910	crypt
South carolina	Wade Hampton		marble	Frederick Ruckstull	1929	Capitol Visitor Center
South Dakota	William Henry Harrison Beadle		bronze	H. Daniel Webster	1938	National Statuary Hall
South Dakota	Joseph Ward		marble	Bruno Beghé	1963	Capitol Visitor Center
Tennessee	Andrew Jackson		bronze	Belle Kinney Scholz and Leopold F. Scholz	1928	rotunda
Tennessee	John Sevier		bronze	Belle Kinney Scholz and Leopold F. Scholz	1931	National Statuary Hall
Texas	Stephen F. Austin		marble	Elisabet Ney	1905	Small House Rotunda
Texas	Sam Houston		marble	Elisabet Ney	1905	National Statuary Hall
Utah	Brigham Young		marble	Mahonri Young	1950	National Statuary Hall
Utah	Philo Farnsworth		bronze	James R. Avati	1990	Capitol Visitor Center
Vermont	Ethan Allen		marble	Larkin Goldsmith Mead	1876	National Statuary Hall
Vermont	Jacob Collamer		marble	Preston Powers	1881	Portico
Virginia	Robert E. Lee		bronze	Edward V. Valentine	1934	crypt
Virginia	George Washington		bronze	Jean-Antoine Houdon	1934	rotunda
Washington	Marcus Whitman		bronze	Avard Fairbanks	1953	National Statuary Hall
Washington	Mother Joseph		bronze	Felix W. de Weldon	1980	Capitol Visitor Center
West Virginia	John E. Kenna		marble	Alexander Doyle	1901	Portico
West Virginia	Francis Harrison Pierpont		marble	Franklin Simmons	1910	National Statuary Hall
Wisconsin	Jacques Marquette		marble	Gaetano Trentanove	1896	Hallway in the House of Representatives
Wisconsin	Robert M. La Follette		marble	Jo Davidson	1929	National Statuary Hall
Wyoming	Esther Hobart Morris		bronze	Avard Fairbanks	1960	National Statuary Hall
Wyoming	Washakie		bronze	Dave McGary	2000	Capitol Visitor Center

* Note: On August 31, 2006, the California government decided that the statue of Thomas Starr King in the National Statuary Hall Collection be replaced with a statue of Ronald Reagan . It was unveiled on June 3, 2009. In 2007, the Michigan government decided that the statue of Zachariah Chandler should be replaced with a statue of Gerald Ford . Chandler's statue will remain in the Capitol until the replacement.

Exchange of statues

Since 2003, a change in the law allows states to exchange statues. Since then, seven states have made a switch:

• Kansas replaced its statue of George Washington Glick with one by Dwight D. Eisenhower in 2003. The Glick statue is now in the Kansas State Historical Society in Topeka .
• California replaced its statue of Thomas Starr King with one of Ronald Reagan in 2009. The King statue now resides in the California State Capitol in Sacramento .
• Alabama replaced its statue of Jabez Curry with one by Helen Keller in 2009 .
• Michigan replaced its statue of Zachariah Chandler with one by Gerald Ford in 2011 .
• Iowa replaced James Harlan with Norman Borlaug in 2014 .
• Arizona replaced John Campbell Greenway with Barry Goldwater in 2015 .
• Ohio replaced William Allen with Thomas Edison in 2016 .

With seven statues, the sculptor Charles Niehaus has more than any other artist in the exhibition. Even when the statue is replaced by Chandler, he still has most of the statues.

Web links

Commons : National Statuary Hall Collection  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

• National Statuary Hall Collection website
• Official information on the creation of the National Statuary Hall Collection

Individual evidence

1. ↑ GovTrack
2. ^ Public Law 109-116
3. ↑ Law 109-4070
4. ↑ Law 109-4145
5. ↑ Law 2132
6. ↑ Visitor Center Selections . Washington Post. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
7. ↑ http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/eisenhower.cfm
8. ↑ http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/reagan.cfm
9. ↑ http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/zachariah-chandler-replaced
10. ^ Bill Theobald: Goldwater statue dedicated in National Statuary Hall (English) , The Arizona Republic . February 11, 2015. Accessed March 3, 2015. 
11. ↑ Jessica Wehrman: Thomas Edison statue dedicated in US Capitol's Statuary Hall . In: The Columbus Dispatch , September 21, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2017.