Pavel Alexejewitsch Cherenkov
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov ( Russian Павел Алексеевич Черенков , scientific transliteration Pavel Cherenkov Alexeevič ; born July 15 . Jul / 28. July 1904 greg. In Novaya Tschigla (in Voronezh ); † 6. January 1990 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist .
Life
Cherenkov graduated in 1928 from the mathematical and physical faculty of the Voronezh State University , two years later he became a doctoral candidate at the Lebedev Institute of Physics with Sergei Ivanovich Vawilow . In the same year he married Marya Putintseva, daughter of a professor of Russian literature; the couple have two children, Aleksei and Elena. In 1934, while working on his dissertation on the luminescence of uranium salts in sulfuric acid, he discovered Cherenkov radiation , with the substantial contribution of Wawilow, who correctly suspected the origin of the blue glow observed in the liquid in fast electrons. That is why the effect in Russia is also named after Cherenkov and Vavilov. Cherenkov received in 1958 together with Ilya Mikhailovich Frank and Igor Evgenyevich Tamm the Nobel Prize in Physics “for the discovery and interpretation of Cherenkov light”, and all three had previously received the Stalin Prize in 1946 with Vavilov for their discovery. In 1937 Frank and Tamm provided the theoretical justification for Cherenkov radiation at the Lebedev Institute (which is due to the fact that the particle speed exceeds the local speed of light in the medium).
P. Cherenkov received the degree of candidate nauk ( doctoral degree ) in 1935 . Cherenkov was the second head of department and in 1940 received the higher doctoral degree ( Doktor nauk ) (corresponds to the habilitation in the west) of the mathematics and physics faculty. In 1953 he was appointed professor of experimental physics.
From 1959 he headed the laboratory for photo meson processes, in 1970 he became a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences , in 1984 he was honored as a hero of socialist work . In 1985 he was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences .
He was also involved in the construction of an electron accelerator and the study of photonuclear and photo-meson reactions.
Honors
Since 1999, the Russian Academy of Sciences has awarded the Cherenkov Prize for outstanding work in the field of experimental high-energy physics .
Web links
- Information from the Nobel Foundation on the 1958 award ceremony for Pawel Alexejewitsch Cherenkov (English)
- Krugosvet: Cherenkov, Pawel Alexejewitsch (Russian)
- Cerenkovs Physical Review article by 1937, the Cerenkov radiation on the detection of the origin (English)
- Cern Courier for the discovery of the Cerenkov effect
Individual evidence
- ^ P. A. Cherenkov Prize. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 7, 2018 ( Russian Премия имени П.А. Черенкова ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Cherenkov, Pavel Alexejewitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Čerenkov, Pavel Alexeevič (scientific transliteration); Черенков, Павел Алексеевич (Russian spelling) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 28, 1904 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Novaya Chigla |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 6, 1990 |
| Place of death | Moscow |