List of German names of Italian places
For geographic objects (human settlements , landscapes , meadows , mountains , rivers , etc.) on the present territory of Italy , there are many German names . On the one hand, because part of the German-speaking area and some of the German-speaking islands are on Italian territory, on the other hand, because of the historical relationships with the Italian- speaking area ( Imperial Italy in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , Habsburg Monarchy , etc.). Accordingly, there are current and historical German endonyms (in the current and historical German-speaking area) as well as exonyms for Italy .
Exonyms
Remarks
The number of exonyms is small. As in the relationship between other languages , they exist for more important cities and regions. In addition, there are a number of lesser-known names from north-eastern Italy that date from the Migration Period and are no longer in use today.
Names that are no longer alive today are marked with †.
Settlements
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Italian German:
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Landscapes
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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mountains
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Waters
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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South-Tirol
Remarks
In South Tyrol , the majority of the population speaks Bavarian dialects of German. In addition, Ladin (in the valleys around the Sella ) and Italian (mainly in the cities and in the south of the country) are used. After the First World War, South Tyrol fell to Italy as a war gain. The Italian place names are predominantly the product of recent, nationalistic word creation, the prontuario . The German and Ladin place names are official in South Tyrol.
Settlements
See also: List of municipalities in South Tyrol
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Landscapes
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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mountains
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Waters
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Trentino / Welschtirol
Remarks
The German place names in Trentino are largely a product of the nationality conflict of the 19th and 20th centuries and thus ultimately the forerunners of the Italianization of German place and field names in South Tyrol carried out by Ettore Tolomei .
The North Italian language island research served as an instrument for this Germanization since the late 1860s, which was used to legitimize political demands. The German-speaking islands in Trentino were declared to be outposts of Germanness, a field of action for German protection associations and advanced to become the scene of political disputes with Italian nationalist circles.
In an increasingly heated debate in which the efforts for an Italian-speaking university in Tyrol with the Fatti di Innsbruck reached their bloody climax and the simultaneous demand for more autonomy for the Italian-speaking part of Tyrol, the preservation of the regional unity of Tyrol became the determining factor on the German side Motto. The Tiroler Volksbund, founded in 1905, and representatives of other associations, such as the General German School Association under Wilhelm Rohmeder, sought the re-Germanization of an allegedly only superficially Romanized Trentino and negated the existence of an Italian Trentino.
While the Germanization of place and field names in Trentino was only discussed before the First World War , it was implemented by the Austro-Hungarian military in the summer of 1916 to combat Italian irredentism , but was suspended again in December 1916, as the measure was viewed as counterproductive with the there was a risk of further questioning the support of the Italian-speaking population for the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
Settlements
German Italian: A.
B.
D.
E.
F.
G
H
I.
J
K
L.
M.
N
O P
R.
S.
T
U
V
W.
Y
Z
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Italian German: A.
B.
C.
D.
F.
G
I.
L.
M.
N P
R.
S.
T V |
Landscapes
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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mountains
German Italian:
- Eichenberg (Kaiserjägerweg): Monte Rovere
- Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Spitze: Cima Brenta
- Zwölferkofel: Cima Dodici
Waters
German Italian:
Walser areas
Remarks
The Walser are a group within the Alemanni . Their main settlement area is the Upper Valais ( Switzerland ), from there it extends in two places over the mountains to Italy. These are the area southeast of Zermatt ( Val d'Ayas , Val di Gressoney , uppermost Valsesia and Valle Anzasca ) and south of the Nufenen Pass (uppermost Valle Antigório , from there it extends eastwards to German Gurin / Italian Bosco, which is already again in Switzerland, more precisely in Ticino ). There are also numerous Walser islands in Graubünden (Switzerland) and Vorarlberg ( Austria ). In some of the settlements in Italy, the German language has dried up in recent decades . In Issime and Gressoney, around 200 people each speak the dialect among themselves. In 1994, in the regional constitution of the Aosta Valley , in which the Val di Gressoney lies, the protection of the Walser minority was symbolically established. However, half of the school lessons are in French and half in Italian; the third language is English.
Settlements
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Landscapes
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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mountains
German Italian: |
Italian German: |
Cimbrian language islands, Fersental
Remarks
For Cimbrian include some of the German-speaking islands in the northeastern Italy, namely the thirteen municipalities , seven municipalities and Lusern . The name is misleading because the so-called Cimbrian is remnants of the closed German-speaking immigration of the Middle Ages . The Fersental , which forms the bridge to South Tyrol , does not belong to the Cimbrian language in terms of linguistic history, but should be treated here as Cimbri because of its geographical location and because of the Fersentaler self- image. The German language is different depending on the language island: while it is predominant in Luserna and partly widespread in the thirteen communities and in the Fersental, it only ekes out a niche existence in the seven communities.
Settlements
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Landscapes
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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mountains
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Canal Valley, Tischelwang, Pladen, Zahre
Remarks
While the uppermost Canal Valley and Tischlwang are continuations of the closed German-speaking area, Pladen and Zahre are two neighboring language islands. They belong to the Carinthian and East Tyrolean dialect area . Nevertheless, Pladen (Sappada) and Zahre (Sauris) in particular are closely associated with the Cimbri. The upper channel valley was mixed with Slovenian . The latter, like South Tyrol, was affected by the resettlement option agreed between Hitler and Mussolini , which, however, greatly reduced the spread of the German language.
Settlements
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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Landscapes
German Italian:
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Italian German:
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mountains
German Italian: |
Italian German: |
Bibliography
Especially for the name property
- Baliari-Soust, Roberto E .: Not only Trient ... German place and field names between the Salurner Klause and the Wiesentheiner level = Toponimi germanici fra la Chiusa di Salorno e la pianura vicentina - self-published, Cologne 1987. - 400 pages: Ill. , num. Kt.
General information on the German settlement areas
The names from the old part that follows should be moved to the correct column above, and alphabetically in the correct place.
Rest of Italy
Historical names that are no longer common in general use (but in historical use) are emphasized .
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See also
- List of Italian exonyms for German toponyms
- List of lists of German-language names for non-German-speaking places
References & comments
- ↑ The German-speaking islands in Trentino go back to the 12th to 16th centuries, when local rulers, mostly of German descent, founded German-speaking clearing, farming and mining colonies, particularly east of the Adige. These settlements, whose inhabitants mostly came from the Bavarian-Tyrolean area, reached their greatest extent at the beginning of the 16th century and in the 19th century experienced growing interest in research.
- ↑ Michael Wedekind: Volkstumswwissenschaft and Volkstumsppolitik in the area of German language islands in Northern Italy pp. 84–88
- ↑ a b Verbatim minutes of the 215th session of the South Tyrolean Parliament on July 14, 1993 u. a. on the topography debate in South Tyrol pp. 32-33 (PDF; 272 kB), accessed on May 30, 2017
- ^ Rudolf Lill: South Tyrol in the time of nationalism pp. 32–33
literature
- Rudolf Lill : South Tyrol in the time of nationalism , Universitätsverlag Konstanz, Konstanz 2002, ISBN 978-3-89669-927-5
- Michael Wedekind: Volkstumswwissenschaft and Volkstumsppolitik in the area of German language islands in Upper Italy in: Rainer Mackensen (ed.): Origins, types and consequences of the construct “population” before, during and after the “Third Reich”: Zur Geschichte der Deutschen Bevölkerungswissenschaft , Verlag für Social Sciences, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-16152-5