St. Leonhard in Passeier

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Leonhard in Passeier
(Italian: San Leonardo in Passiria )
coat of arms
Coat of arms of St. Leonhard in Passeier
 map
St. Leonhard in Passeier in South Tyrol - Positionskarte.svg
State : Italy
Region : Trentino-South Tyrol
Province : Bolzano - South Tyrol
District community : Burgrave Office
Inhabitants :
(VZ 2011 / 31.12.2019) 		3,510 / 3,569
Language groups :
(according to 2011 census ) 		98.83% German
1.05% Italian
0.12% Ladin
Coordinates 46 ° 49 ′  N , 11 ° 15 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 49 ′  N , 11 ° 15 ′  E
Altitude : 450– 2746  m slm (center: 689  m slm )
Surface: 88.3 km²
Permanent settlement area: 9.8 km²
Parliamentary groups : Schweinsteg , St. Leonhard , Walten
Neighboring municipalities: Moos in Passeier , Ratschings , Riffian , St. Martin in Passeier , Sarntal , Schenna
Partnership with : Fuchsmühl
Postal code : 39015
Area code : 0473
ISTAT number: 021080
Tax number: 82003310214
Mayor  (2014): Konrad Pfitscher ( SVP )

St. Leonhard in Passeier ( Italian San Leonardo in Passiria ) is an Italian market town in Passeier in South Tyrol with 3569 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). The center of the village is at an altitude of 689  m slm

geography

St. Leonhard is centrally located in the Passeier Valley at the point where the valley course, which until then had been roughly north-south, makes a bend to the north-west. The municipality extends over around 15 km in length almost exclusively on the orographic left , i.e. eastern and northern side of the Passer , in which the border to the neighboring municipality of St. Martin runs as far as possible . The main town of St. Leonhard is located on the valley floor on the Passer at about 690  m above sea level at the exit of the Waltental valley, which flows in from the east . The hamlets of Gomion ( 750  m ), Glaiten ( 1250  m ) and Schlattach ( 1150  m ) are located on the valley slopes to the north and northwest of the main town . In the south of the municipality are Mörre ( 750  m ), Prantach ( 950  m ) and Schweinsteg ( 700  m ), all of which are significantly closer to the center of the neighboring municipality of St. Martin on the other side of the river than to the main town of their own municipality. The Walten fraction ( 1300  m ) is located in the Waltental on the road to the Jaufenpass ( 2094  m ), which provides a transition to the Ratschingstal in the northeast .

The mountains on the north side of Passeier belong to the Stubai Alps , while to the east they belong to the Sarntal Alps . The two mountain groups meet at the Jaufenpass on the north-eastern border of the municipality. The part of the Stubai Alps between the Jaufenpass and the Hohen Kreuzspitze ( 2743  m ), which belongs to the municipality of St. Leonhard, is built up immediately to the north above the main town of St. Leonhard and dominates the valley view from the south from the Merano area; the chain, also known as the Jaufenkamm , has few prominent summit points east of the Hohe Kreuzspitze, such as the Glaitner Hochjoch ( 2389  m ) and the Saxner ( 2358  m ). In the area of ​​the Sarntal Alps, divided from Passeier by small side valleys, the Jaufenspitze ( 2481  m ), the Ötschspitze ( 2592  m ), the Hochwart ( 2747  m ) and the Alplerspitze ( 2748  m ) are among the more famous peaks.

history

St. Leonhard in the Passeiertal towards Merano

St. Leonhard emerged from a parish which Bishop Gebhard von Trient consecrated in 1116 and which King Friedrich II gave to the Teutonic Order in 1219 . It originally reached from the Timmelsjoch to today's Schenna . The Teutonic Knights built a pilgrims' hospice at the church; the village community developed around this nucleus.

The patron saint Leonhard von Limoges is the patron saint of farmers and servants, day laborers and carters, blacksmiths, locksmiths and traders - professions that dominated this area until the 19th century. Gamssteige became smugglers' routes in trade between Austria and Italy. The town's most famous son, the Tyrolean freedom fighter Andreas Hofer vom Sandwirt , was also a cattle dealer; Here the horses were changed when transporting goods of all kinds across the borders.

Since the 20th century tourism has moved into St. Leonhard as a new branch of industry. Due to its central location in Passeier, the place has not only developed into the administrative center of the valley, but also into the center of tourism. Numerous medium-sized hotels and family guesthouses have been built around the historic town center, which are harmoniously integrated into the still village-like atmosphere of the place. Throughout backpackers play an important role, for example crossing the place on the European long-distance hiking trail E5 or using it as a starting point for the Meraner Höhenweg . With the construction of a bypass road for through traffic to the Jaufenpass and the Timmelsjoch, the infrastructural situation and quality of life in the center of St. Leonhard has been improved in the 21st century.

Attractions

Church and Widum from the east

Sights in the main town

  • Only the lower part of the tower remains of the original Romanesque church. On its east side you can still see building sculptures from this time (a demon's head). The current building is Gothic with a two-aisled nave, pointed arched windows, cross vaults and a polygonal choir. In the 18th century the interior was given a baroque style. A late Gothic winged altar by Hans Klocker , the most valuable piece of art in terms of art history, was removed, his sculptures scattered and replaced by works from the Passeir painting school in the neighboring community of St. Martin and their contemporaries from other areas of Tyrol. The high altar and pulpit date from the 19th century. The floral vault decorations in the choir (1583) and a baptismal font (dated 1545) with the Passeir coat of arms have been preserved from the Gothic period.
  • The St. George's Chapel in the cemetery is a Gothic building with a turret. The furnishings date from the 20th century.

Sights outside the main town

Andreas Hofer's birthplace

Sandwirt inn

Outside the center of St. Leonhard on the SS 44 in the direction of St. Martin is the Sandwirt inn , the birthplace of Andreas Hofer. This also includes the two so-called chapels on the sand :

  • on the one hand, an early baroque replica of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, which the grandfather of Andreas Hofer, who had made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, had built in 1698
  • on the other hand the Hofer Memorial Chapel, a memorial chapel from 1883/84, a neo-Romanesque cross-dome structure made of granite with historical paintings by Edmund von Wörndle , depicting scenes from the life of Andreas Hofer

In 2002 the memorial room in honor of Andreas Hofer in the stables of the Sandhof was expanded into a modern museum. In the course of the renovation and expansion work, the local history museum was integrated, which was previously located in St. Martin in Passeier, and a large open-air area was also created. This shows a typical Passeir heap yard . The buildings that are located there are original structures dating from the 15th century and 1920, some of which were inhabited in their original location until a generation ago. Since then, the museum has been operating under the name MuseumPasseier .

In 2008 the Andreas Hofer area of ​​the museum was rebuilt again. This created space for all new knowledge about the person of the Sandwirt for the commemorative year of 200 years of Tyrolean freedom struggle .

Jaufenburg and Heiligkreuzkapelle

A branch of the MuseumPasseier has been set up in the tower of the medieval Jaufenburg above the village. The late Gothic chapel (1531) below the castle contains frescoes from the time it was built and an oil painting depicting the Last Judgment by Benedikt Auer (1816), a representative of the Passeir school of painting. The chapel used to house a late Gothic crucifixion group by Hans Leininger (1525) and other sculptures that were brought to the Diocesan Museum in Bressanone .

Chapel of St. Hippolyt in Glaiten

The chapel of St. Hippolyt in Glaiten Passeiertal

The chapel of St. Hippolyt of late Romanesque origin (first mentioned in 1380) is in the Glaiten fraction at about 1000 meters above sea level. It is visible from the town center. The chapel can only be reached on foot. However, you can drive up to one kilometer over the Jaufenpassstraße. From St. Hippolyt you can see the whole Passeier valley as far as Merano .

The chapel contains frescoes with scenes from the life of the saint from the time of origin, which are iconographically rare because they do not refer to Bishop Hippolytus, but to the legendary Roman jailer of the same name. Other fresco fragments depict the Last Judgment and the Coronation of Mary.

An oil painting, dated 1616 or 1646, is attributed to Christoph Dax from Innsbruck; its theme is the torture of St. Hippolytus, dragged to death by a horse.

Schildhof and church in Gomion

In the fraction Gomion is one of the 11 obtained in eggs pass Schildhöfe . With this, the Camians Georg von Annenberg was enfeoffed in 1478 after the extinction .

Opposite the Schildhof is the single-nave Maria Lourdes church (1891) with a wood-carved Madonna from Ortisei in Val Gardena .

Pilgrimage chapel in the Mörre

In the Mörre fraction, the chapel, built in 1848, is exposed at a height of approx. 700 m above the Passeier Valley. It contains baroque sculptures and a votive painting from the Passeir school of painting.

politics

mayor

Fascist mayors (podestà) and acting mayors 1927–1952:

  • Umberto Mattiussi: 1927-1934
  • Giovanni Galletti: 1934-1935
  • Diego Vesi: 1935
  • Sebastiano Renda: 1935-1936
  • Ennio Albieri: 1936
  • Silvio Battistella: 1936-1938
  • Matthias Raffl senior: 1938–1945
  • Eduard Delucca: 1945–1952

Elected mayors since 1952:

  • Johann Delucca: 1952–1960
  • Josef Tschöll: 1960–1974
  • Matthias Raffl jun .: 1974–1990
  • Konrad Pfitscher: 1990-2010
  • Oswald Tschöll: 2010–2014
  • Konrad Pfitscher: since 2014

coat of arms

Description: A curved golden tip in the black escutcheon .

traffic

St. Leonhard can be reached from Merano through the entire front Passeier valley upwards via the state road 44 . In summer, St. Leonhard can also be reached from Austria via the Timmelsjoch (state road 44 bis) and via the Jaufenpass (state road 44) ​​from Sterzing . The connection via Meran is temporarily the only possible access in winter, when the Jaufenpass has to be closed in adverse weather conditions.

Personalities

St. Leonhard is the birthplace of Andreas Hofer and the place of origin of the Hofer von Passeyr family . In addition, the North Pole driver Johann Haller was born on June 30, 1844 in St. Leonhard in Passeier, as was the chamois hunter Josef Pichler (known as Pseirer Josele ), who in 1804 succeeded in climbing the Ortler for the first time on behalf of Archduke Johann of Austria .

literature

  • Manfred Schwarz: "People write to us from Passeier: ..." Curios and everyday things from newspapers from the monarchy 1848–1918. Verlag Passeier, St. Martin in Passeier 2018.
  • Karl Gruber : The churches of St. Leonhard in Passeier . Tappeiner, Lana 1993 (with further references)

Web links

Commons : St. Leonhard in Passeier  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hofer Memorial Chapel, museum.passeier.it;
  2. ↑ Andreas Hofer Monument Church, say.at
  3. ↑ The mayors of the South Tyrolean municipalities since 1952. (PDF; 15 MB) In: Festschrift 50 Years of the South Tyrolean Association of Municipalities 1954–2004. Association of South Tyrolean municipalities, pp. 139–159 , accessed on November 16, 2015 .