Petersberg (Rheinhessen)
| Petersberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Petersberg, in the foreground the Simultankirche Bechtolsheim |
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| height | 245.6 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | between Bechtolsheim and Gau-Odernheim ; Alzey-Worms district , Rhineland-Palatinate ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Rhenish Hessian hill country | |
| Dominance | 5 km → Hornberg southeast of Framersheim | |
| Notch height | 80 m ↓ Bornweide | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 47 '42 " N , 8 ° 12' 18" E | |
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| Type | Zeugenberg | |
| rock | marl | |
| Development | Viticulture since 850 on the southern slopes | |
| particularities | Namesake for a major German wine location | |
 View from Gau-Odernheim to the Petersberg; right the |
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The Petersberg in Rheinhessen between Bechtolsheim and Gau-Odernheim in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Alzey-Worms is 245.6 m above sea level. NHN high elevation of the Rheinhessen hill country . It is a mountain of witnesses created by the erosion of the Mainz basin .
The mountain is overgrown with wine and offers a wide view of the Rheinhessian hill country from its summit . On the summit are the ruins of St. Peter's Church from the 10th century. The largest collection of wild tulips north of the Alps is located at the southern foot of the Gau-Odernheim district .
geography
location
The Petersberg lies between Bechtolsheim in the north-north-west and Gau-Odernheim in the south-west. In the area of the Bechtolsheimer district, the Engelborner Brünnelche (also called Engelborn ) rises on its northern slope , whose stream flows about 1 kilometer (km) northwards into the Selz , which passes the elevation to the west . A southern spur of the Petersberg is called Hippel , and its southwest flank Scharlenberg .
Natural allocation
The Petersberg belongs to the natural spatial main unit group Northern Upper Rhine Lowland (No. 22), in the main unit Rheinhessisches Tafel- und Hügelland (227) and in the subunit Eastern Edge Heights (227.3) to the natural area Gaustraßenhöhe (227.30). The landscape falls to the south, west and north in the Selztal subunit (227.2) into the natural area of the Middle Selz Basin (227.21).
Height and quality
With its 245.6 m height, the Petersberg is not even one of the top 10 elevations in Rheinhessen (the highest mountain is the Kappelberg at 357.6 m ), but for decades there was a marker on its summit with the inscription that the Petersberg is the highest mountain in Rheinhessen. This inscription was removed in the mid-2010s.
The Petersberg has seen an almost marbled development. The following layers exist from the lying to the hanging wall : From 142 m a yellowish-brown sand alternating with yellowish-green to olive-green marls. This sequence extends to the 211 m contour line . The Cyren marl begins at 211 m , a series of gray, fine-grained sands with gray-bluish to blue marls that can be traced up to 228.5 m . Above this are similar marls, some of which are greenish and reddish in color, which, according to microfaunistic research results, can be considered freshwater layers. You build the uppermost part of the Petersberg up to its summit.
Flora and fauna
In the wine-growing region, the Petersberg is very important as a refuge for threatened species.
The flora is the best prerequisite for the occurrence of rare plants due to the calcareous loess soil as well as a lot of sun and little rainfall. These include: the dwarf cherry ( Prunus fruticosa ), the noble germander ( Teucrium chamaedrys ), bastard poppy ( Papaver hybridum ), scabies knapweed ( Centaurea scabiosa ) and asparagus pea ( Lotus maritimus ).
The fauna with heat-loving animal species also has its habitat here, including among others: sand lizard ( Lacerta agilis ), two-colored bite insect ( Metrioptera bicolor ), white tower snail ( Zebrina detrita ) but also brown hare ( Lepus europaeus ) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) .
Protected areas
At the west foot of the Petersberg lies the Im Briehl / Schafwiese nature reserve ( CDDA no. 163856; designated in 1990; 22 hectares in size). On the survey are parts of the protected landscape Selztal (CDDA number 555,513,998;. 1990; 12.58 square kilometers ).
Great wine location
Petersberg is also named a major site in the region Nierstein in vineyards Rhine Hesse . In addition to the towns of Bechtolsheim and Gau-Odernheim, which are located directly on the Petersberg, the towns of Biebelnheim , Gau-Köngernheim , Framersheim , Gau-Heppenheim , Spiesheim and Albig also belong to this large location . The large area is divided into the following individual layers: Homberg, Hundskopf and Schloss Hammerstein for Albig. Homberg, Klosterberg, Sonnenberg and Wingertstor for Bechtolsheim. Pilgerstein and Rosenberg in Biebelnheim. Hornberg, Kreuzweg and Zechberg in Framersheim. Parish garden and Schlossberg in Gau-Heppenheim. Fuchsloch, Herrgottspfad, Mount of Olives and Vogelsang in Gau-Odernheim. As well as the Osterberg in Spiesheim.
Viticulture has been practiced on the southern slopes since 850.
tourism
Opportunities for viewing
The administration building of the ZDF broadcasting center and the other high-rise buildings on the Mainz Lerchenberg can be seen in the north of Petersberg, 18.7 kilometers away . With very good visibility, the view to the northeast extends to the Frankfurt skyline, which is almost 50 km away, and to the Großer Feldberg im Taunus . The Biblis nuclear power plant can be seen 18 km away in front of the mountain ranges of the Odenwald in the southeast. In the southwest of about 28 km away, dominated Thunder Mountain with the transmitter of the SWR the panorama .
The view was described by the Gau-Odernheim pastor Gredy in 1883:
“If you want to enjoy a wonderful view, climb the Petersberg. Those who take the effort to climb uphill for 20 to 25 minutes will be amply rewarded when the weather is nice. The mountain has a height of 246 meters above sea level and about 110 meters above the Selz flowing at the foot of the mountain. And when you stand there on the pointed cone of the Petersberg and admire the beauty of the nature spread out before your eyes and the wealth of the Hessian Rhine Palatinate, know:
you are standing on sacred ground.
Today the remains of a chapel can still be seen on the top of the Petersberg. This chapel is first mentioned in documents in 1184. In a further document from 1289, King Rudolf von Habsburg decreed that the two annual markets, which are held annually on the Petersberg in the shadow of the chapel at the feasts of Peter and Paul , should be held in the city of Odernheim in the future, because the mountain is so high and so difficult to climb. The chapel fell into disrepair, and in 1763 a large stone cross was erected on the top of the mountain by the citizens of Bechtolsheim and Gau-Odernheim. This was placed there as a result of a vow after a cattle disease.
The fact that the mountain is consecrated to Saint Peter indicates, if only weakly, a very early veneration of God and his greatest apostle .
It can be assumed that even in pre-Christian, Celtic times , the Petersberg was a place of religious worship - similar to the Donnersberg.
For many years, when the weather is nice, on Ascension Day, an evangelical service has been celebrated on the mountain. "
Due to the all-round view, a wooden aviation observation post was built on the Petersberg during the First World War . The soldiers immortalized themselves in a sandstone slab in which they chiseled the Iron Cross , the sovereign badge of the air forces and under it they wrote "FEST FERNSP ABT MAINZ" for "Fortress Telephony Department Mainz".
Hiking and community of interests
The Saar-Rhein-Main long-distance hiking trail runs over the Petersberg with the yellow cross sign . In addition, since 2009 alternative route 1 of the Rheinhessischer Jakobsweg leads from Bingen to Worms over the Petersberg. In the same year, the winemakers of the two neighboring communities each organized their own vineyard hike for the first time. Since then, the Gau-Odernheim winegrowers' wine hike has always taken place on Ascension Day and the Bechtolsheim winegrowers invite you to their wine hike on the Petersberg on Whit Monday .
At the initiative of the Alzey-Land community , in which the two towns are located, there was a founding meeting of the Petersberg interest group in April 2010 . In this the infrastructure for local recreation and tourist development is to be expanded. On April 25, 2015 the inauguration of the Petersberg Culture Trail took place on the Petersberg. The project was co-financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). Next to the archaeological crypt of St. Peter's Church, hiking trails, benches and so-called “tables of wine” have been set up.
Namesake
The Petersberg is the namesake for the Petersberghalle in Gau-Odernheim, the shooting club and the Catholic youth group in Bechtolsheim.
Gau-Odernheim Jewish cemetery
On the first hill to the Petersberg between Gau-Odernheim and Bechtolsheim, the so-called Scharlenberg , the Jewish cemetery, which was laid out in 1848 and covers an area of 10.8 ares, is located in the district of Gau-Odernheim . The dead of the two Jewish communities are buried on it; about 50 tombstones are still preserved. A grave desecration is first reported in 1935.
literature
- Friedrich Behn: Excavations on the Petersberg. In:
- Jb diocese of Mainz. 3, 1948, pp. 334-336.
- Mainz magazine. 41/43, 1948, pp. 52–59 (special print) with 15 illustrations.
- Municipality of Gau-Odernheim (Hrsg.): The story of Gau-Odernheim. 5 volumes. Krach, Mainz 1954 ff.
- H. Gredy: Volume 1. History of the former free imperial city "Odernheim". With a view from Odernheim to Merian and old town seals. From several 100 previously unknown documents u. Documents and some known zsgest. Krach, Mainz 1954.
- Christoph Einsfeld, Adam Reck, Heinrich Mildenberger: Volume 2. The history of Gau-Odernheim. Bilderbd. and additions over the past 100 years. Krach, Mainz 1957.
- General Directorate for Cultural Heritage of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate (Ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Alzey-Worms district. Status: January 15, 2009, p. 23.
- Manutschehr Mehrnusch: The border between creeping sand / Cyrenen marl ‹Middle / Upper Oligocene› on Kloppberg and Petersberg. Mainz 1964.
- Ariyapala Gunawardena: The tertiary between Hillesheim and Gau-Odernheim (south of Rheinhessen): with special consideration of the microfauna of creeping sand.
- Michael Huyer, Dieter Krienke: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany: Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Volume 20.1: District of Alzey-Worms - Verbandsgemeinde Alzey-Land. Published on behalf of the Ministry of Education, Science, Further Education and Culture by the General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate Directorate State Monument Preservation. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2013, ISBN 978-3-88462-327-5 ; P. 262.
Web links
- Kulturweg Petersberg , on kulturweg-petersberg.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
- ^ Petersberg on regionalgeschichte.net.
- ^ Basilica on Petersberg on regionalgeschichte.net.
- ↑ Manutschehr Mehrnusch, excerpt from the dissertation.
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Hans-Jörg Koch: Weinparadies Rheinhessen - vines, culture, land and people: Trulli (stone vineyard houses); ISBN 3-87854-029-9 ; Publishing house of the Rheinhessische Druckwerkstätte Alzey; 1982; P. 428.
- ↑ The Petersberg - our local mountain ( Memento from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on April 6, 2009.
- ^ Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate; P. 262.
- ^ Founding event of the "Petersberg Interest Group" ( Memento from April 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) - On April 19, 2010 in the Petersberghalle Gau-Odernheim.
- ^ A critical eye on the infrastructure - IG Petersberg interest group under one roof. ( Memento from January 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Rhein Main Presse . April 21, 2010.
- ^ Jewish cemetery in Gau-Odernheim on alemannia-judaica.de.