Arrow (aristocratic family)

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Family coat of arms of those von Pfeil

Pfeil also Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth and Pfeil-Burghauß is the name of an old Silesian noble family .

history

The secured regular series of Silesian Uradelsgeschlechts the Count of arrow and small-Ellguth begins with Mutina († 1108) from the tribe of Rawicz and his at the court of Duke Miesko the Old documented son Goworek († 1140). The latter's grandson, Dirsko , was Palatine of Breslau in 1222 and Castellan of Wartha from 1230–1241 . His son Dirsko is documented as comes Dirsco de Prerichym in 1264 , according to which his descent takes the name of Dirschdorf (von Dirsdorf). Dirsko, mentioned in a document in the years 1222–1241, exposes Dirsdorf (today: Przerzeczyn-Zdrój), the oldest ancestral seat of the Pfeils, to German law . When Duke Heinrich the Fat of Lignitz was imprisoned by his cousin and adversary Duke Heinrich von Glogau in 1293 , a Jeschke von Pfeil is said to have played a key role. The descendants of the knight Dirsko Sagittarius , documented from 1306-1311, heir to Dirsdorf and Klein Ellguth , took the name Pfeil , but continued to use the name Dirschdorf until around 1600 .

Sigismund von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1583–1635), heir to Klein Ellguth, was the state elder in the Principality of Brieg at the end of the 16th century . Contemporaries portray him as a very learned cavalier and this description was later carried over to his son, Ludwig von Pfeil and Klein Ellguth († 1682), court judge of the Principality of Brieg , heir to Jordansmühl , Dankwitz, Gaumitz and Strachau.

Numerous, partly well-preserved epitaphs still serve as witnesses to the family's history today . They are located on the outer walls of the church of Dirsdorf , originally from the 13th century , which is now part of the Nimptsch community . Nowhere else in Silesia are there so many visible references to the history of the family as to the historical connections with the von Niemitz and Nimptsch families, which have since died out, and other Silesian noble families. The church in Dirsdorf , built in Gothic style, consecrated as Johanniskirche in 1535 and run as a Protestant until 1946 , was under the patronage of the family until 1945; Friedrich Wilhelm Fabian Karl Graf von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1888–1946), married to Elisabeth Maria Cäcilie Isa von Tettenborn (1895–1981), was their last patron . A painted arrow family coat of arms still adorns the center of the gallery of this church, on which the organ from the Rococo period stands above the entrance portal.

The Ober-Dirsdorf family crypt of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth, built in 1862 by Friedrich Fabian Graf von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1804-1884), is still empty today, albeit empty. It is located on the edge of the cemetery, which is now occupied by Polish graves, and can be easily recognized by the family coat of arms in the entrance arch . Immediately next to it is the Nieder-Dirsdorf crypt. The Bissing crypt, which bears the Pfeil and Bissing coats of arms, is in very good condition. It stands in the middle of the cemetery area, where it is used today as a cemetery chapel. It once housed the remains of the third daughter of Friedrich Ludwig Karl Graf von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1780-1857), Emma (1814-1883), and her husband Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing , whom she married in 1833. The couple later took over the nearby Klein-Ellguth, which only returned to the family from Bissing's hands about a hundred years later.

Watercolor of Ober-Dirsdorf Castle

The new Ober-Dirsdorf Castle, also built by Friedrich Fabian Graf von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth and completed in 1860, was destroyed by fire in the 1950s. It stood in the upper part of the castle park, which sloped to the east, downhill to the Lohe . The old Ober-Dirsdorf Castle used to be on the estate. One wing of the U-shaped manor building remained standing after the demolition and became the inspector's apartment and office, a second wing became a granary. The Ober-Dirsdorf manor buildings, which were still in use after 1945, were not used for agricultural purposes until the early 2000s and have since been completely demolished.

Only the park that once belonged to the castle, with the Lohe flowing through the bath at the foot of the castle park hill , is still recognizable. The sulphurous healing springs of the Dirsdorf baths were discovered in 1821 while searching for chrysoprase . A particularly magnificent specimen found on Dirsdorf soil was presented to the Prussian king by Countess Pfeil . This Chryspras later found a place in the Prussian crown.

The Art Nouveau villa built after the demolition of Nieder-Dirsdorf Castle in 1906 is still intact today. The former Nieder-Dirsdorf manor building, located between the villa and the cemetery, is still there in 2014, but is no longer in use.

Count's arrow

The two half-brothers, sons from the first and second marriage of Carl Friedrich II. Von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1695–1767), Carl Friedrich II. Von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1735–1807), on Kleutsch and Baumgarten, Blumerode, Dittmannsdorf, wholesale Wilkau, Haunold, Jexau, Neudeck, Quanzendorf and birdsong, royal Prussian district of the circle Nimptsch and Frederick Louis of arrow, and small Ellguth (1741-1821), country elder and regional director , on the upper and lower Dirsdorf and Dremling , Groß-Peterwitz, Jakobine, Klein-Ellguth, Kuhnsdorf, Mittel-Peilau, Olbersdorf, Riegersdorf, Schlause, Tadelwitz and Tomnitz, were raised to the Prussian count status on October 15, 1786 in Berlin on the occasion of the homage of King Friedrich Wilhelm II. with all children and their descendants.

In the 18th century the family, especially through Carl-Friedrich I. von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth and his sons, the half-brothers Karl Friedrich II. And Friedrich Ludwig, supported by their wives and descendants, were very close to the pietistic movement of the Moravians Brethren united. For example, in 1743 Carl-Friedrich I was together with his second wife, Eva Maria, geb. von Schweinitz (1709–1769) among the co-founders of the Brethren in Gnadenfrei , near Dirsdorf. After a later major fire at this location, the half-brothers Karl Friedrich II and Friedrich Ludwig even jointly took on the costs of rebuilding the house of brothers and sisters.

Groß Wilkau Castle

Note: All descendants of the family can be traced back to the sons of Carl Friedrich I. von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth who were raised to the rank of count in 1786. In his first marriage he was married to Juliane Sophie von Tschirschky and Bögendorff (1701–1739), in his second marriage to Eva Maria von Schweinitz (1709–1769). The first marriage came from Carl Friedrich II, who had ten children with his wife Anna Eleonore Charlotte Friederike von Posadowsky Freiin von Postelwitz, two of whom died very young. His sons are Karl-Friedrich III. (1762–1813) and Friedrich Ludwig Sigismund (1769–1844). The direct lineage of Karl-Friedrich III. has gone out with the last male bearer of his name, Friedrich Günther Hugo Ewald (1929–2015), from the Kreisewitz family. Almost all of today's descendants (with the exception of the arrow last residing in Friedersdorf ) come from the line of Friedrich Ludwig Sigismund, the second son, who was also known as the " pink man " on the 1771–1772 on behalf of Carl Friedrich II on Groß Wilkau von Christian Ludwig Kriegelstein (1736–1779) painted family portrait of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth is known. The second marriage of Carl Friedrich I comes from Friedrich Ludwig, who was raised to the rank of count together with his half-brother, Carl Friedrich II. Only three of the male Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth still alive today come from this line.

Family portrait of the Counts von Pfeil u. Klein-Ellguth, painted 1771–72
Wildschütz manor around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

The Prussian name and coat of arms association with that of the Counts of Burghauß as Count von Pfeil-Burghauß , based on the principle of hereditary primogeniture and linked to the property of the Fideikommiss Laasan in the Striegau and Schweidnitz district , inherited in 1885 from Count Friedrich von Burghauß (1796-1885) , took place by extraordinary cabinet order in Potsdam on August 30 with a diploma from November 19, 1889 for Count Friedrich Ludwig von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1803-1896). The Counts von Pfeil-Burghauß owned a hereditary seat in the Prussian manor house . The name Graf von Pfeil-Burghauß was linked to the Laasan estate . The last bearer of the name of the Counts von Pfeil-Burghauß was Friedrich-Niclas (1894–1969).

On October 1, 1718, the three brothers Joachim Friedrich von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth on Vogelsang, Carl Friedrich von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth on Dirsdorf, and Julius Friedrich von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth on Vogelsang (Vogelgesang) decided on the pactum familiae , which states that all male descendants, like they themselves , should bear the name Friedrich as a sign of solidarity among the cousins . This “family law” is maintained to this day and passed on from generation to generation.

In the May 16, 1860 Breslau , founded the family unit , whose first chairman Gustav Adam Friedrich Graf von Pfeil and small-Ellguth (1795-1873; on Johnsdorf at Brieg) was now about 100 members is one (male, female), and holds an annual Family day takes place in different places, also repeated in Silesia , where the 900-year proven existence of the family was celebrated in May 2008 on the occasion of the 128th family day. The association also produces the Familiennachrichtenblatt ( Family News Gazette) every year, for the first time in 1928, which reports on traditional and historical topics, family research and family news. Members of the family association of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth become adult namesake holders who belong to the count's family by naming them in the male lineage and thus comply with the requirements of the historical nobility and the statutes of the family association. Friedrich-Wilhelm Heinrich Fabian Maximilian Graf von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (* 1952) has been chairman of the family association since 2005.

Baron Arrow

A family connection with the family of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth is not certain.

The Royal Prussian Privy Council Joachim Friedrich von Pfeil got in on May 23, 1736 Luxembourg a kingdom nobility - and arms confirmation. His nephew, the royal Prussian envoy to the Swabian and Franconian district , Christoph Carl Ludwig von Pfeil, was on February 4, 1767 in Vienna with the title Esquire in the realm baron lifted .

The latter's cousin Paul Eberhard von Pfeil, heir to Rohrbach near Hirschberg and royal Prussian major in the hussar regiment v. Werner received the Prussian nobility recognition on July 16, 1767 by extraordinary cabinet order and the Prussian baron status on October 1, 1767. From his marriage to Countess Christiane Friederike Charlotte Countess von Sandretzky (* 1737), there is only one son, Baron Paul Eberhard von Pfeil, royal Prussian chamberlain and major a. D. , emerged, with his death in Breslau in 1835, the baronial line expired.

Postage arrows

The Prussian Major in the 7th Artillery Brigade, Johann Carl Heinrich arrow was on 21 March 1822 the title of arrow , with the addition of the uradligen ajar of arrow emblem in the Prussian nobility ( letter nobility ennobled). A family connection with the family of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth is not known.

possession

Coat of arms of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1786)
Coat of arms of the Counts of Pfeil-Burghauß (1889)

Ledebur gives an overview of the historical property ownership of the families ( assigned and supplemented according to the established state of knowledge of family research of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth ):

  • In Silesia ( belonging to Count von Pfeil ) properties marked with * were owned by the family until 1945: Baumgarten, Dankwitz, * Deutsch-Kessel. Dittmannsdorf, Dremling, * Friedersdorf , Gaumitz, Groß-Wilkau, Habendorf , Haunold, * Hausdorf . Jacobine, Jexau, Johnsdorf, Jordansmühl , Klein-Ellguth, Kleutsch, * Kreisewitz , Kursangwitz, * Laasan , with * Peterwitz and * Friedrichsrodung , * Modelsdorf , Neudeck, * Nieder-Adelsdorf , Niklasdorf, * Nieder- Dirsdorf , * Ober- Dirsdorf , Olbersdorf , Mittel-Peilau , Ober-Peilau , Petschkendorf, Pleischwitz, * Profen. Quanzendorf, Raatz, Riegersdorf, Schlause , Schönheide, Strachau, Tadelwitz, Tomnitz, Tscheschdorf, Vogelsang (bird song), * Wildschütz , with Vorwerk * Louisenthal
  • In Silesia ( not belonging to Count von Pfeil ): Leuthen, Reichardt, Rohrlach, Schimmeley.
  • In Brandenburg ( probably not belonging to the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth ): Lossow .
  • In Hanover ( probably not belonging to the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth ): Huddestorff and Raddestorff.
  • In South Tyrol , the Ansitz Kränzl winery is currently owned by Franz Graf von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows two upward twisted, with the claws outward, natural bear paws in silver. On the helmet with black and silver covers a black half flight .

The detailed definition of the coat of arms of the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth took place in 1786 when they were raised to the rank of count. After that, the coat of arms was given in a modified form to other arrows that were not related to the Counts von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth according to the current state of family research. Presumably this is the result of a certain "generosity" of the ruling houses when assigning the coat of arms motifs. However, it indicates the importance of the Count's family at this time.

The Count's coat of arms from 1786 shows the shield of the family coat of arms, but with three helmets with black and silver covers. On the right a royal crowned black eagle covered with a silver clover moon , the middle helmet corresponds to the helmet of the family coat of arms and on the left helmet a natural peacock whisk in front of six iron arrows, the silver flippers of which are visible. Two seated, inward-looking natural bears serve as a shield holder .

The coat of arms of the noblemen von Pfeil from 1822 shows in gold two upward twisted natural bear paws with their claws turned outwards. On the helmet with black and gold covers a black wing.

The Count's coat of arms from 1889 shows in a split shield (Count Burghauß) covered with the family coat of arms as a heart shield , on the right in red a gold-crowned silver lion with a gold collar, on the left in gold a gold-armored, ducal-crowned black eagle with a soaring, in the middle of a silver St. Andrew's cross covered a silver crescent moon on the chest. Four helmets: on the right with black and gold covers, the eagle with the crescent moon; 2. the helmet of the family coat of arms; 3. The lion growing with red-silver blankets (Count Burghauß); left with black and silver covers of the peacock fronds as in 1786.

Known family members

literature

Web links

Commons : Pfeil family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ A copy of the original painting still exists in the family's possession, the original has been lost. The oil painting shows Karl Friedrich II. Count von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth with his wife Anna Eleonore Charlotte Friederike, née von Posadowsky and Freiin von Postelwitz, and their children
  2. ↑ The namesake of the family belonging to the historical nobility are listed in the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , which is updated every 10-15 years. The current edition, Counts' Houses Volume XVII, Volume 130 of the Complete Series, ISBN 3-7980-0830-2 , was published in 2003.