Yushmash

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During his state visit to Ukraine in 2001, Vladimir Putin also came to see Yushmash
A Zenit launcher (2001)
By far the most common vehicle built by Juschmasch, a JuMZ-6 (2011)
Trolleybus JuMZ E-186 (2009) built near Juschmasch in the 2000s

The Ukrainian state company yuzhmash or Piwdenmasch ( Ukrainian Виробниче Об'єднання Південний Машинобудівний Завод імені А. М. Макарова ; Russian Производственное Объединение Южный Машиностроительный Завод имени А. М. Макарова ; translation: Production Association Southern Engineering Works named after AM Makarov ) a 1944 in Dnipropetrovsk Founded manufacturer of agricultural engineering equipment, omnibuses , trolleybuses , trams and wind turbines , but also as a manufacturer of rockets , satellites and spacecraft with 13,000 employees.

Until 1951, the plant, which was actually planned to manufacture automobiles, was officially called Dnepropetrowski Avtomobilny Sawod , or DAZ for short (Ukrainian Дніпровський автомобільний завод, Russian Днепропетыбильй Автомобиль in both languages). However, it has nothing to do with the Dnepropetrovsky Avtobusny Sawod , which today has the abbreviation DAZ and is a subsidiary of the Lwowsky Avtobusny Sawod .

history

The industrial company was founded in 1944 as a manufacturer of armaments. It was also planned to set up extensive truck production under the name Dnepropetrowski Awtomobilny Zavod. Different prototypes were built based on vehicles from the Moscow ZIS plant . The amphibious vehicle ZIS-485 was to roll off the production line under the designation DAZ-485 , as was the light truck DAZ-150, which essentially corresponded to the ZIS-150 .

In fact, various prototypes were initially built between 1948 and 1951 and later around 2000 automobiles were also built. The planned production capacity of 300,000 trucks per year was never even partially reached. In 1951 the project was canceled and the plant was renamed Juschny Maschinostroitelny Sawod. At the same time, the manufacturer disappeared from the official scene, since from now on top-secret military technology was being built again.

The company, historically also known as Plant 586 , was divided in 1954 into a manufacturing company (today Juschmasch) and the design office Juschnoje (then OKB-586).

In December 1953, in addition to weapons production, the manufacture of tractors began. Initially the MTZ-2 was built until 1958 , which was first manufactured in the Minski Traktorny Sawod . This was followed by the MTZ-5 , the production of which lasted until 1972 and of which over 640,000 copies were built in both plants. From 1970 to the early 2000s, Juschmasch manufactured his first own tractor, the JuMZ-6 , which was by far the most successful model. In just over 30 years, over 1.15 million copies were made. The vehicle is similar to different tractor models from Minsk, but also has differences. New models have been developed and manufactured again since the 2000s.

Juschmasch produced, among other things, the first nuclear missile of the Soviet Union , the R-5 , but also the models R-12 , R-14 , R-16 (the first ICBM of the Soviet Union), R-36 , MR UR-100 . During the Soviet period, around 120 missiles could be produced annually. In the late 1980s, Juschmasch was selected as the main producer of the Topol-M .

In the course of perestroika , the demand fell significantly and Juschmasch was partially converted into a civil machine factory, which is why means of transport, wind turbines and other civil machines are still manufactured today.

Leonid Kuchma , long-time director of the company, then became Prime Minister and in 1994 President of Ukraine .

Todays situation

With its 13,000 (January 2003) employees, Piwdenmasch is one of the largest industrial companies in Ukraine, currently 7,000 workers are employed. In 2001, products worth 335.6 million hryvnia were sold. The Pawlohrad machine factory is also part of the company. The current director is Viktor Schjogol. Together with KB Yuzhnoje, the company has a 15 percent stake in Sea Launch .

Today, among other things, Zenit launchers and the Dnepr missiles are manufactured here. Most of the production is delivered to Russia. During the war in Ukraine since 2014 , the company had to reduce production and introduce short-time work due to a lack of Russian orders. Civil projects were not formally banned, but because of the uncertainty, cooperation came to a standstill. In 2017, the manufacturing company was ready to manufacture all components that had previously come from Russia.

According to the green politician Hans-Josef Fell , Piwdenmasch is in possession of access codes for 85% of Russian nuclear weapons. On August 29, 2014, the company presented the Russian government with a five-day ultimatum to withdraw the weapons and soldiers it had brought into the country in the course of the conflict in eastern Ukraine . If this is not followed, the information will be handed over to NATO and the USA .

The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) suspects that the North Korean Hwasong-12 and Hwasong-14 rockets are equipped with Yuschmasch drives, which the company denied.

Web links

Commons : Juschmasch  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the history of the work before 1951 (Russian)
  2. ↑ a b Uwe Siemer: Tractors from the Soviet Union. A chronicle from the beginning until 1990. TRAKULA, Rastede. Without ISBN, around 2015, p. 18.
  3. ↑ a b c d History of the Juschny Maschinostroitelny Sawod, especially for civil vehicle production (Russian)
  4. ↑ Ukraine factories equip Russian military despite support for rebels , The Washington Post, August 15, 2014
  5. ^ "Rocket City" is looking for a new orbit , NZZ, May 6, 2017, page 35
  6. ↑ Power politics in the world is changing rapidly ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). Information on Hans-Josef Fell's website, August 29, 2014, accessed on the same day.
  7. ↑ North Korea's rocket engine probably comes from the Ukraine , t-online.de, August 14, 2017.