Hirzenach Provostry

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The former Hirzenach Provostry with Villa Brosius (left), St. Bartholomew's Church (center) and Propsteigebuilding; in front of it the Propsteigarten

The Hirzenach Propstei is a former Benedictine monastery in the Hirzenach district of Boppard . The townscape is decisively shaped by the architectural ensemble of the monastery buildings that have been preserved .

The Propstei was founded in the early 12th century by the Siegburg Abbey of St. Michael on land that Emperor Heinrich IV had given to the Archdiocese of Cologne on the condition that a monastery was to be founded there. Extensive donations in the early days of the monastery quickly ensured stable economic conditions. Soon after it was founded, the construction of a Romanesque provost church began, which was redesigned in the early Gothic style in the 13th century . In the 18th century she took over the tasks of the neighboring, dilapidated parish church of the place. After French troops occupied Hirzenach in 1796, the French administration dissolved the monastery in 1802. Part of the property went to the Hirzenach parish, the remaining part was auctioned.

The former provost church is today the parish church of the village, the representative residence of the provosts is used as a parsonage . Together with the former parish church, a house today, the provost's surviving buildings are as since 1992 conservation area under conservation .

history

It is uncertain when exactly the provost's office in Hirzenach was founded as a subsidiary of the Siegburg Abbey. Originally the area of ​​today's Hirzenach was owned by the Palatinate , which was transferred to Wolfram von Stromberg around 1075. His son Erlolf, imperial ministerial , gave this property to Emperor Heinrich IV in the early 12th century, who in turn gave it to the Archbishop of Cologne, Friedrich I , on the condition that a monastery be established there for around twelve conventuals. Friedrich therefore gave the property to the Siegburg abbot Kuno I , who initiated a new settlement for the Benedictines there. It was the first monastery to be founded in the territory of the Boppard Empire . Siegburg wanted to secure the administration of its extensive goods on the Rhine and Moselle . The first reliable documentary mention was made in a document dated November 28, 1109, when Pope Paschal II of the Siegburg Abbey, among other things, confirmed the ownership of the Hirzenach court ( villa Hircenowen ). A regest issued by Archbishop Friedrich I on May 4, 1110 , with which he donated the place named Hirzenach ( locum qui nocatur Hirzenowe ) to the abbey , is to be regarded as a subsequent certification of a donation in which the Archbishop acts as mediator. In addition to him, the Archbishop of Trier, Bruno von Bretten , furnished the young provost with real estate. Further extensive donations in the early days - especially in the surrounding area - ensured stable economic conditions for the monastery. The early possessions included Hirzenach, Rheinbay, Holzfeld and western parts of the Karbach district .

The Hirzenach Propstei on a local view by Wenzel Hollar, 1636

Immediately after the monastery was founded, the monks began clearing the area and building a monastery church (today St. Bartholomew ), which was consecrated before 1114. The Convention was under like all Siegburger deaneries the abbot of the mother abbey. He watched over the monastic discipline, made decisions about the admission or refusal of novices and conducted the economic affairs of the cell. The provost's rights were limited to regulating everyday monastic life in the settlement. The bailiwick rights initially lay with the king , who soon showed no further interest in the monastery. In addition, due to his position and the associated absence, he could not properly exercise the bailiff's rights in Hirzenach, so that the need arose to name a subordinate. Erlolf von Sternberg, whose donation made the establishment of the provost possible, was entrusted with exercising the bailiff's rights in 1149, but the king remained nominally chief bailiff. During the 13th century, the bailiwick was divided into Nieder- and Oberhirzenach. The rights over Niederhirzenach and Rheinbay were owned by the Rhine Count Embricho III in 1240 . In 1267, Philipp von Bolanden was Vogt von Niederhirzenach. He bequeathed the rights to Heinrich I von Sponheim in 1275 , who sold them to Ludwig and Eynulf von Sternberg in 1294. Eynulf was cantor at the Martinsstift in Worms and at the same time leased all of the provost's properties with the obligation to maintain provost and monks of the monastery and to drastically reduce the provost's high debts. The two brothers and their brother-in-law waived their bailiwick rights until 1310, so that they reverted to the Siegburg Abbey. In 1320 they came to Kurtrier as an imperial pledge . The bailiwick rights over Oberhirzenach with Karbach and Quintenach lay with Count Palatine Ludwig the Strengen in 1256 , who lent them to Friedrich von Ehrenberg that year . The rights remained in his family until the monastery was secularized . In 1337 it was planned that Heinrich and Friedrich von Ehrenberg should hand over the bailiwick to the abbey, but that never happened.

Presumably shortly after the establishment of the provost's office, the Benedictine monks took over pastoral care in Hirzenach, which actually belonged to the Boppard rural chapter. They built their monastery church right next to the parish church for the villagers (today Villa Brosius ). This received a new main portal with a vestibule in the 13th century , and its round Romanesque apse was replaced by a choir closure in early Gothic forms. Afterwards only changed inside, the provost church took over the tasks of the parish church in the 18th century, which was no longer in use in 1767. A visitation report from 1681 already spoke of the fact that the parish church was dilapidated and that the Sunday services would therefore take place in the sacristy of the provost church.

View of the Propstei on a drawing by J. Becker, around 1833

The poor economic situation of the monastery during the 13th century gradually improved and stabilized in the 14th century. Hirzenach was even able to achieve a certain degree of independence from Siegburg in economic terms. The situation deteriorated again in the early modern period . In 1750 there was only the provost and a chaplain in Hirzenach , the monastery was on the verge of subsistence. Nevertheless, in the first quarter of the 18th century, a representative new building was added to the existing monastery buildings as the provost's apartment. Work on it was finished in 1716. It is possible that construction began as early as the 17th century. At the same time, a geometrically laid out garden was created on the east side of the new building. In 1796, French soldiers occupied the monastery, and the provost house served as the seat of the French commanders and as an apartment for two gendarmes and their families. The provost at the time, Franz Emmerich von Quadt, was allowed to stay in Hirzenach for the time being, but was then expelled by the French authorities in 1799. In 1802 the monastery was officially abolished. The last provost manages to transfer a large part of the provost's property , such as around 250  acres of land, to the parish of Hirzenach; in which way is still unclear. The remaining property was nationalized as a domain property in 1803 and then auctioned. The French administration had the choir window of the church expanded and brought to the Louvre in Paris . In her order also been cloister of the monastery and situated above exam resigned. Franz Emmerich Quadt returned to Hirzenach in 1808 and became pastor of the place.

No buyer could be found for the Propsteimühle at the auction scheduled for January 19, 1804, and so it remained in church ownership. In the 1930s it served as a coach house and hay store. In the first half of the 1940s the church planned to donate the building to the community so that they could set up a kindergarten there, but the donation never came because of the turmoil of the war. In 1949 the Lambert family finally acquired the building and converted it into a residential building. The Propsteigebuilding was extensively restored between 1965 and 1967 under Otto Spengler from Mainz . A new entrance with a half-timbered vestibule was created on the northern end of the building. A thorough restoration of the neighboring monastery church followed from 1968 to 1970, before the former parish church was repaired from 1984 to 1986. These three buildings stand close together in an area that was protected as a historical monument in 1992. At that time, the only part of the monument zone that had not yet been repaired was the 18th century garden belonging to the provost's office. In November 2002, therefore, a support association was founded, which has committed itself to the restoration and maintenance of the provost garden. This was not only followed by the re-planting of beds and their new planting, but also the renovation of architectural garden elements such as a mountain-side retaining wall made of rubble and a staircase. Since autumn 2002 there has been a classic medicinal and herb garden in part of the garden area . By 2007, 75,000 euros had been invested in the restoration of the provost garden.

List of Hirzenach provosts

 
The list of Hirzenach provosts is not passed down completely. 41 of them are known by name through certificates and documents received:
  • 1166-1173 Ansfried
  • 1226 Brohge
  • before 1256 Wilhelm
  • 1256–1166 Gerhard
  • 1278 Ludwig
  • 1285-1286 Rembold
  • before 1290 Theodorich von Bleydenstett
  • 1290-1295 Erkinbert
  • 1294/97 Eynulphus (Enolf) von Sternberg
  • 1315–26 Georg called Raugraf
  • 1337 Arnold
  • 1340–1358 Johann von Sternberg
  • 1362 Johann Rode
  • 1346–1387 Johann van deme Lobusch
  • 1380 Johann von Kobern
  • 1387 Heinrich von Moos
  • 1392 Konrad von d. Arken
  • before 1404 Johann von Kobern and Johann von Sternenberg
  • 1404/05 Johann Staël of Holstein
  • 1411–1424 Hermann von Reven
  • 1424–1445 Johann von Fremersdorf
  • 1445–1462 Heinrich von Plettenberg
  • 1469 Gerhard Dube von Neuenhof
  • 1472–1516 Gerhard von Plettenberg
  • 1500 Reinhard Spies from Büllesheim
  • 1523–1526 Johann von Bocholts
  • 1526–1539 Konrad von Cobbenrodt
  • 1539–1567 Roland von Waldenburg called Schenkern
  • 1577–1585 Johann von Wilach
  • 1588–1594 Dietrich von der Wenige
  • 1608–1619 Adam von Lintzenich
  • 1633–1654 Johann Georg von Lisur
  • 1659–1676 Johann Bertram von Bellinghausen
  • 1706 Walram from Hoen
  • 1735 Johann Michael Kolb von Wassenach
  • 1750 Ferdinand von Brakel
  • 1750–1756 Johann Friedrich von Hamm
  • 1756–1762 Bernhard Otto von Dobbe
  • 1762 Carl Winand Lambert von Schellard zu Gürzenich
  • 1773–1782 Johann Maria Philipp von Wenz zu Lahnstein
  • 1782–1798 Franz Emmerich von Quadt zu Wickrath

description

The provost building and wine press house , the provost church of St. Bartholomew with the neighboring churchyard and the former parish church, now known as Villa Brosius, are now part of the provost building ensemble . All three buildings are in close proximity to each other and characterize today's townscape. The former monastery mill is also in the immediate vicinity (Propsteistraße 3), but has been modernized. Its facade shows the coat of arms of the provost Friedrich von Hamm. Other former provost buildings have not been preserved, however, to the east of the provost church, remains of the wall have been discovered, which probably belonged to former monastery buildings.

Villa Brosius

Villa Brosius and St. Bartholomäus, in the foreground the Propsteigarten

The former Hirzenach parish church is the oldest of the three buildings. It probably dates from the first half of the 11th century and was rebuilt in the Gothic period. Already dilapidated in the 17th century, it was abandoned as a parish church in the 18th century and instead the services were held in the provost church. At the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century, the building was converted into a residential building, which is now privately owned and, after a long period of vacancy and restoration in the 1980s, is again used for residential purposes.

St. Bartholomew Church

The Church of St. Bartholomew was once the provost church of St. Mary and John the Evangelist. The Romanesque pillar basilica was redesigned several times in the Gothic period as well as in the 19th century. A comprehensive restoration at the end of the 1960s gave it back its late medieval appearance. Since the monastery was closed by the French government at the beginning of the 19th century, the building has served as the parish church of Hirzenach.

Propsteig building

Facade of the Propsteig building on the Rhine side

To the north of today's parish church, a little lower down, is the Propsteigebuilding, which today serves as the rectory. It got its shape at the beginning of the 18th century, but its origins go back to a medieval residential tower from the Salian period. Its base with walls a good meter thick and narrow slits of light is now in the building's basement on the Rhine side. This consists of two rooms with barrel vaults , one of which is not medieval, but was moved in later under the provost Roland von Waldenburg. The basement is the only remnant of the previous medieval building, which is shown on a drawing by Wenceslaus Hollar from 1636 with a high Gothic roof.

The two-story building with a slate mansard roof was extensively restored from 1965 to 1967. It measures 22.45 meters in length, while its width varies between 13.10 and 13.40 meters. Its plastered framework is painted white, the corners, walls and the eaves cornice are set off in red. Windows with shutters divide the house into eight axes on the eastern side facing the Rhine and seven axes on the western side . The narrow sides are five-axis. The year of construction 1716 can be found as an inscription above a sundial on the southwest corner of the building. Two more clocks are located in the gables of triangular gables in the center on the two long sides of the building at the level of the top floor. The roof with small dormers also has a small bell tower with a tail hood and two bells on the Rhine side .

Propsteig building, view from the southeast

The visitor enters the interior of the house on the west side through an entrance door with a fan-shaped skylight. This was changed a lot during the restoration in the 1960s, which is why hardly any historical interior has been preserved. Only a few oven niches and two ceilings with stucco frames in simple shapes are left.

The former wine press house is located northwest of the Propsteig building. This is where the grapes from the monastery 's own vineyards used to be pressed and then turned into wine in the vaulted cellars under the main house and the school opposite. It is possible that the structure of the building dates back to the Middle Ages , but it has not yet been thoroughly examined. The wine press is unused today.

Propsteigarten

The Hirzenacher Propsteigarten is, next to the Bürresheimer Schlossgarten, the only garden on the left bank of the Rhine from the early 18th century that has been preserved in its structure to the present day and its shape has never been changed. All other aristocratic and monastic gardens in this area were lost in wars in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today the garden is one of the World Heritage Gardens in the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley .

The Propsteigarten consists of a geometrically designed area, which lies to the east of the Propsteig building below the level of the cellar, and a few garden terraces that extend south of the building. These are planted with vines based on historical models . There is also a gazebo on the top terrace .

The formal garden below the rectory has a rectangular floor plan and is surrounded by a quarry stone wall. This has a grid gate with two high, square gate pillars from the 19th century in the central axis on the Rhine side . The area is divided into eight rectangular compartments by straight paths . The intersection of two paths in the middle of the garden is emphasized by a roundabout with a baroque , round water basin and a simple fountain . A second fountain is located in front of the west side of the Propsteig building: a rectangular fountain trough made of basalt lava with a relief showing the coat of arms of Roland von Waldenburg and the year 1569.

A staircase leads down from the level of the ground floor of the Propsteig building to a well room with a round arched door, which is halfway up the garden. Your roof also serves as a terrace . From there another staircase leads down to the formally designed garden compartments. These are bordered by box hedges , which date back to when the garden was founded. Your planting consists of historically guaranteed ornamental and useful plants.

and display information about the image
Panorama of the provost garden

literature

  • Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. Volume 2 (= The Art Monuments of Rhineland-Palatinate. Volume 8). Deutscher Kunstverlag , Munich / Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-422-00567-6 , pp. 833–835, 864–869.
  • Michael Koelges: On the history of the Hirzenach Propstei (1100–1803). In: Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (Hrsg.): Rhein-Hunsrück calendar. Home year book of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Volume 60. Simmern 2004, pp. 48-60 ( online ).
  • Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. In: Stadt Boppard (ed.): Hirzenach 1109–2009. A chronicle. Stadt Boppard, Boppard 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-029300-9 , pp. 469-494.
  • Anton Metzdorf: The Hirzenach Provostry. An idyll on the Middle Rhine. In: Koblenzer Heimatblatt. 7th year, No. 16, April 26, 1930 ( PDF ; 86 kB).
  • Elmar Rettinger: Hirzenach. In: Historical local dictionary of Rhineland-Palatinate. Volume 2: The former district of St. Goar. As yet unpublished ( PDF ; 70 kB).
  • Martin Schoebel: Hirzenach. In: Friedhelm Jürgensmeier (ed.): The Benedictine monasteries for men and women in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland (= Germania Benedictina. Volume 9). EOS-Verlag, St. Ottilien 1999, ISBN 3-88096-609-5 , pp. 165-176.
  • The Probsteigarten in Boppard-Hirzenach. In: Stella Junker-Mielke (Ed.): Matt before bliss. 1st edition. Ramsen, 2011, ISBN 978-3-9800158-6-8 , pp. 26-29.

Web links

Commons : Propstei Hirzenach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Michael Koelges: Zur Geschichte der Propstei Hirzenach (1100–1803) , accessed on October 24, 2017.
  2. ↑ Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, p. 833.
  3. ↑ Sabrina Müller: The inscriptions of the Catholic parish church St. Bartholomäus in Boppard-Hirzenach (= inscriptions Mittelrhein-Hunsrück. Issue No. 3). Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz 2008, p. 4 ( PDF ; 784 kB).
  4. ↑ a b Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, p. 834.
  5. ↑ Sabrina Müller: The inscriptions of the Catholic parish church St. Bartholomäus in Boppard-Hirzenach (= inscriptions Mittelrhein-Hunsrück. Issue No. 3). Academy of Sciences and Literature, Mainz 2008, p. 5 ( PDF ; 784 kB).
  6. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine. Volume 1. Wolf, Düsseldorf 1840, p. 250, no. 365 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Johann Christian von Stramberg : Memorable and useful Rheinischer Antiquarius. Department 2, Volume 6, Hergt, Koblenz 1857, p 709 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, pp. 834-835.
  9. ↑ a b c Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück district. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, p. 835.
  10. ^ Article by Martina Rommel on the constitutional order of the Hirzenach Monastery in monasteries and monasteries in Rhineland-Palatinate , accessed on October 24, 2017.
  11. ↑ a b c d e Information according to the information board on site
  12. ↑ a b c d e f Anton Metzdorf: The Hirzenach Propstei. An idyll on the Middle Rhine. 1930 ( PDF ; 86 kB).
  13. ↑ Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, p. 864.
  14. ↑ Entry on the Hirzenach provost in the " KuLaDig " database of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on October 26, 2017.
  15. ^ Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. 2009, p. 471.
  16. ↑ a b c Propsteigarten Hirzenach. Information flyer from the Propsteigarten Hirzenach e. V. Hirzenach, undated
  17. ↑ a b The Probsteigarten in Boppard-Hirzenach. In: Stella Junker-Mielke (Ed.): Matt before bliss. 2011, p. 42.
  18. ↑ Suzanne Breitbach: Probsteigarten before new bloom. Friends of the jewel in Hirzenach invested 75,000 euros with the help of sponsors. In: Rhein-Hunsrück-Zeitung . Edition of December 6, 2007, p. 18.
  19. ↑ The list is based on Elmar Rettinger until 1516: Hirzenach. In: Historical local dictionary of Rhineland-Palatinate. Volume 2: The former district of St. Goar , from 1523 to Michael Koelges: On the history of the Hirzenach Propstei (1100–1803). 2004, pp. 48-60 ( online ).
  20. ↑ a b Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. 2009, p. 469.
  21. ↑ Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, p. 861.
  22. ^ Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. 2009, p. 470.
  23. ^ Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. 2009, pp. 492-493.
  24. ^ Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. 2009, p. 492.
  25. ^ Udo Liessem: Art and Building History. 2009, p. 491.
  26. ↑ Alkmar Freiherr von Ledebur: The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis. Part 2.1: Former district of St. Goar, city of Boppard. 1988, p. 867.

Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ 40.3 "  N , 7 ° 38 ′ 35.5"  E