Rotenacker

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Rotenacker
Eastern flank of the Rotenacker (from the southeast)

Eastern flank of the Rotenacker (from the southeast)

location Markgröningen , Bietigheim-Bissingen and Tamm , Ludwigsburg district , BW
Geographical location 48 ° 55 '  N , 9 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '23 "  N , 9 ° 5' 3"  E
Rotenacker (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Rotenacker
Sea level from 187 m to 312 m
f6
West flank with Bannwald (from Hohberg)

The Rotenacker (also called Rotenacker Forest ) is a forest in the Baden-Württemberg district of Ludwigsburg . On the western edge, the hillside forest above the Remminger Enzschleife is designated as a protected forest and thus largely left to its own devices in its development.

geography

In 1590 the Rotenacker was already forested
Ownership parcels 1682

Its name acker suggests that the forest, which was still spelled “Rauthenacker” in the 19th century, was used for agriculture in the past and was only afforested in modern times for wood supply and for hunting by the Württemberg dukes. In the Middle Ages , this area was called “Raitenhardt”, which indicates a forest that was previously cleared and suggests a repeatedly changing form of use. The oldest cartographic evidence of a reforested forest on the Rotenacker comes from the map of the Leonberg forest district created by Georg Gadner for the Württemberg court chamber in 1590 . At that time, Duke Ludwig is said to have held large hunts here. In 1586 he named this hunting area "Raithenackerholz".

Ownership

Until the 18th century, the Württemberg court chamber pursued the goal of bringing the forest, in which the municipalities Grüningen , Bissingen and Tamm, Grüningen citizens as well as the Grüninger hospital administration and the Lorch monastery owned parcels, as far as possible into sovereign possession. After 1771, when the forest was re-petrified and a forest map was drawn up, the lordly livelihood interests changed. In 1773, for example, the Heilig-Geist-Spital was able to exchange parts of the Rotenacker tip for wooded areas near Asperg and at Solitude Castle . In 1812 the stately quarry in Rotenacker was privatized.

Today the Rotenacker is one of the markings of Markgröningen , Bietigheim-Bissingen (once Remmigheim or Untermberg and Bissingen ) and Tamm . It lies on a partly low-yield plateau above the valleys of Leudelsbach and Enz , which limit it to the south and west.

geology

Most of the Rotenacker lies on a Lettenkeuper slab, which is partially covered by a loess top layer. Where there is no loess, there are still river gravel from the Enz, which once flowed at this altitude . On the slopes of the valley there is shell limestone , which shows karst features: two sinkholes north of the Remminger Schlössle have been placed under protection as natural monuments and included in the geotope cadastre of the State Geological Office . Further sinkholes or sinkholes could be made out along the edge of the slope to the Leudelsbachtal. However, some holes on the edge of the slope were caused by the mining of the main sandstone of the Lettenkeuper, which was being extracted here.

The approximately 16 meter high profile 38 in the Rotenacker Bruch has the following rock layers (from top to bottom) under the forest floor:

  1. Upper gray marl , approx. 1.7 meters thick,
  2. Anoplophora Dolomite (just under 2 m),
  3. Lower gray marl (approx. 0.9 m),
  4. Anthraconite bench (approx. 0.3 m),
  5. Sandy plants slate (approx. 1 m) and which used to be very popular as stone
  6. Unterkeuper main sandstone with a comparatively high thickness of 8.5 meters.

Precipitation hardly flows off the surface in Rotenacker, largely seeps away and flows off into the karstified shell limestone subsoil.

Mastodonsaurus skull in the natural history museum

Dinosaur find

In 1867, the Tübingen student Frederik Endlich found in the Rotenacker sandstone quarry an approx. 75 cm long, very well preserved skull of an armored lizard, called Mastodonsaurus giganteus ( No.SMNS 4774), which he obtained from Oscar Fraas from the Royal Natural History Cabinet , the forerunner of the State Museum for Stuttgart handed over natural history . Employees of the natural history cabinet then seized further skeletal particles and put them together. The skeleton is exhibited in the Natural History Museum to this day.

The tawny owl ( Strix aluco ) finds refuge in the protected forest

natural reserve

The varied mixed forest, which partly reaches down to the valley floor, belongs to the LSG Enztal between the Leinfelder Hof and Bietigheim-Bissingen and largely to the FFH area 7119-341 Strohgäu and lower Enztal or to the nature reserve (NSG) Leudelsbachtal .

Bannwald Rotenacker

On the slope of the Enz, an area of ​​around 14.4 hectares is designated as a protected forest according to § 32 LWaldG . In this area the forest is largely left to its own devices and is developing into a primeval forest. Most of it is located on parcels 144 and 234 on the former Remmigheim markings, which today belong to Bietigheim-Bissingen, and partly on Markgröninger markings. It is one of the ecologically valuable core zones of the Leudelsbachtal NSG and offers a habitat and refuge for many bird species, including woodpeckers, barn owls and tawny owls in particular .

In the Rotenacker Bannwald the respective forest ecosystems with their animal and plant species as well as fungi should be able to develop unaffected. In addition, scientific observation should be guaranteed. Protection not only relates to the habitats and communities currently to be found there, but also explicitly includes any self-dynamic developments and changes.

Shaft shoot with a large variety of plants

Along the sun-exposed slope edge of the Leudelsbach valley ran a wide shaft drive or Herdweg, which has been owned by the town of Markgröningen since ancient times. The remaining relics along the Rotenackers are kept open through maintenance measures. A striking old summer linden tree on the side of the path is protected as a natural monument ND25 / 09. In addition to various orchids, there are over 200 other plant species, very often the cowslip (Primula veris) and the mountain hellerkraut (Thlaspi montanum), but also the Turkish lily (Lilium martagon), the smelly hellebore (Helleborus foetidus) and the daphne (Daphne mezereum).

Historical relics

A Roman road once ran through this ravine
At the southeast corner of the Bannwald there are relics of the castle stable from the Remminger Schlössle and a Württemberg boundary stone
Former sandstone quarry on the slope edge with a weathered top layer
The "Rauthenacker" with a stately network of hunting trails, sandstone quarries and shaft rubble on the ancient land map drawn up in 1831/32 . The plot of land in the eastern part of Tamm suggests a later reforestation of private fields.

Prince's grave mound

In 1973, the archaeologist and excavator of the Hochdorf prince's grave, Jörg Biel from the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office , also located a large burial mound in Rotenacker. Since this is not endangered by construction work or agricultural processing, the grave chambers, which apparently were not affected by grave robbers, were not opened.

Roman road and manor

During an excavation in the “Sträßlensäcker” area on the eastern edge of the forest, relics of a Roman road were discovered in the 19th century , which, according to a document from the clerical administration of Grüningen, was apparently still visible in 1331: In line 9 a “Steinern Strausse uf Büssinger velde” is listed. This was later followed by the road connection from Markgröningen to Bissingen, known as the “Bissinger Weg”, which lost its importance in the 19th century and degenerated into a dirt road. A section of the former ravine was preserved in the “Brennerin” area in front of the “Rotenacker Spitze”. Further north, the road touched a Roman manor in the “Weilerrain” district.

Remminger Schlössle

On a spur above the Enz Valley on the border of Markgröningen and the desolate Remmigheim , whose mark came to Bissingen with Untermberg , you can find the castle stables of the Remminger Schlössle . Former wall ring and moat are still understandable. In the immediate vicinity are well-preserved old boundary stones from Grüningen and the Württemberg rulership . The old "Spielmannsweg" runs along the southern edge of the castle, connecting Unterriexingen and Tamm by the shortest route.

According to Fuchs in 1750 , the network of roads for Duke Carl Eugen, which was only apparently arbitrarily laid out, is based on the one hand on the Remminger Schlössle or on the axis between the Schlössle and Tamm, on the other hand on the current ownership structure. Today's main axis, the "Markgröninger Allee" running almost north-south, was laid out at right angles to this along the border of the dominion forest. A second axis runs diagonally from Schlössle to Rotenacker Spitze, interrupted by the later expanded quarry. The other star-shaped paths are based on these axes.

Quarries

The Lettenkeupersandstein in Rotenacker has a thickness of seven meters under a surface layer of eight to ten meters, which extends to the southern slope edge. Because the coveted building material was easier to develop here, smaller quarries were built along the municipality's own Herdweg (Allmende) on the shoulder of the upper Wannenberg hill : certainly in the Middle Ages for the construction of the St. Bartholomew's Church , which was built with this stone in the 13th century, but possibly also even before that, as stone quarry tools were also found in Rotenacker near the Roman foundation walls in 1888.

In the 18th century, the Rotenacker Bruch , which was first mentioned in the Kieser forest inventory book in 1682 and located within the manorial forest, was expanded to a floor area of ​​over 300 by 100 meters for the construction of Ludwigsburg Castle . The "most significant quarry in Lettenkeuper sandstone" required not only the Signing of numerous specialists, but demanded the Württemberg subjects in the surrounding communities as unacceptable perceived Frondienste off to the outer layer ablate to load the blocks and the heavy freight to Ludwigsburg to bring. According to Oscar Paret , the fine-grained Lettenkeuper main sandstone that was extracted here could be “processed excellently” and was ideally suited for door and window frames, but also for the production of “beautiful sculptures” at Ludwigsburg Castle. "The overburden that accumulated was stored in the excavation and is still forming quite considerable mounds today." From 1812 the quarry was operated privately into the 20th century. Remaining pits were partially filled with garbage, building rubble and excavated earth from Tamm . The time and purpose of a ramp over a hundred meters long and leading out of the quarry in a south-easterly direction have not yet been clarified.

bunker

The Rotenacker (abbreviation: Ro ) section of the Neckar-Enz position along the demilitarized zone , which extends from Bissingen to the mouth of the Leudelsbach , was secured with several bunkers in the 1930s. Relics of these bunkers, which were blown up after the Second World War , can still be found at Schellenhof and west of the Leudelsbach estuary .

Recreation

The Rotenacker is very popular as a local recreation area. Its close-knit network of paths is frequented by walkers, joggers, horse riders and cyclists. In the seventies, a “ fitness trail ” was laid out, some of which have been preserved. The Markgröningen gymnastics club has been running a running club since 1974 , whose members still meet several times a week to “jog” or “walk” at the “Tammer See” car park. The Tammer local group of the Swabian Alb Association has set up a hiking trail called "Hammelweg" with geo-caching .

At the northern and southern tip of the Rotenacker there is a restaurant for excursions: the Schellenhof and the former Naturfreundehaus , now known as the Flohberghaus. Every year on May 1st, the "Tammer Forest Festival" takes place on meadows on the eastern edge of the Rotenacker. For children the Rotenacker is a huge adventure playground where there is a lot to discover. A potential that led to the establishment of the Markgröningen forest kindergarten .

literature

  • Karl Erwin Fuchs: Landmarks of the city of Markgröningen. Along the border with the stock book . Markgröningen 1987. pp. 49-54.
  • Claus-Peter Herrn, Claus-Peter Hutter, Reinhard Wolf : Nature conservation in the Ludwigsburg district - landscape protection areas . LRA and LUBW , Ludwigsburg 1983, ISBN 3-88251-078-1 .
  • Oscar Paret : Ludwigsburg and the land around the Asperg . Aigner, Ludwigsburg 1934.
  • Hermann Römer : Markgröningen in the context of the national history. Volume I. Renczes, Markgröningen 1933.
  • Hermann Römer: Markgröningen in the context of the national history. Volume II, 1550-1750. Ludwigsburg history sheets, issue 11. Ludwigsburg 1930.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Formerly written Rauthenacker , Rauttenacker or Raittenacker , possibly derived from the rue ( Ruta graveolens ) or rather from Raite : The toponyms Raite or Reute refer to a clearing name .
  2. ^ Section from the Leonberger Forst map drawn up in 1590 by Georg Gadner
  3. ↑ Kiesersche forest maps 159 (Gröningen) from 1682 and 110 (Unterriexingen) from 1684, with parcel names clockwise: “Herrschaftlich Rauttenacker”, “Gröninger Rauttenacker”, “Grön. Spital-Rauttenacker ”,“ Grön. Bürger-Rauttenacker ”,“ Bissinger Rauttenacker ”,“ Lorcher Mönchswald ”,“ Tammer Kernhub ”and“ Breuningswald ”(Grön. Bürger).
  4. ↑ See Urflurkarte from 1831 at Wikimedia
  5. ↑ See Gadner Forest Map from 1590 at Wikimedia
  6. ^ Karl Erwin Fuchs: Landmarks of the city of Markgröningen. Along the border with the stock book , Markgröningen 1987, p. 49.
  7. ^ Hermann Römer : Markgröningen in the context of regional history, Volume II, 1550–1750, Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter, Heft 11, Ludwigsburg 1930, p. 47.
  8. ↑ Sources: Kiesersche forest maps 159 (Gröningen) from 1682 and 110 (Unterriexingen) from 1684, at Wikimedia
  9. ↑ Source: HStA Stuttgart, A 557 Bü 31 Landesarchiv BW .
  10. ↑ Source: HStA Stuttgart, A 557 Bü 80 Landesarchiv BW
  11. ^ StA Ludwigsburg, E 19 Bü 909: Sale of the stately quarry in the Rothenacker Forest near Markgröningen to Adam Mattes von Tamm  in the German Digital Library
  12. ↑ Cf. geotope cadastre ( memento of March 4, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) of the LGRB and list of geotopes in Markgröningen .
  13. ↑ See sheet 7020 Bietigheim-Bissingen of the Geological Map 1: 25,000 of Baden-Württemberg , ed. from the Geological State Office of Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1981.
  14. ↑ Explanations to sheet 7020 Bietigheim-Bissingen to the geological map 1: 25,000 of Baden-Württemberg , ed. from the State Geological Office and the State Surveying Office Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1981, p. 21.
  15. ↑ Eberhard Fraas : Die Labyrinthodonten der Schwäbischen Trias , Stuttgart 1889, and Lothar Buck: Der Saurierfund vom Rotenacker Wald, in: Durch die Stadtbrille , Volume 4, 1989, ed. v. Working Group on Historical Research and Monument Preservation Markgröningen, pp. 8–11.
  16. ^ Rainer R. Schoch: Comparative osteology of Mastodonsaurus giganteus (Jaeger, 1828) from the Middle Triassic (Lettenkeuper: Longobardian) of Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Thuringia). (= Stuttgart contributions to natural history. Series B (geology and palaeontology). Volume 278). Dissertation. Stuttgart 1999. (PDF file; 3.62 MB, English)
  17. ↑ See the map of the protected area ( Memento des Originals from October 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. LUBW @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  18. ↑ Profile of the Bannwald in the protected area directory of the LUBW
  19. ↑ Source: HStA Stgt., A 602, No. 8783, LABW online . See also view of the certificate .
  20. ^ Karl Erwin Fuchs: Landmarks of the city of Markgröningen. Along the border with the stock book , Markgröningen 1987, p. 49.
  21. ↑ Compare Urflurkarte from 1831 and Kiesersche forest maps from 1682/84 at Wikimedia .
  22. ↑ Explanations to sheet 7020 Bietigheim-Bissingen to the geological map 1: 25,000 of Baden-Württemberg , ed. from the State Geological Office and the State Surveying Office Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1981, p. 83f.
  23. ^ Hermann Römer : Markgröningen in the context of the national history. Volume I, Markgröningen 1933, p. 23.
  24. ^ Lothar Buck: Der Saurierfund vom Rotenacker Wald, in: Through the city glasses , Volume 4, 1989, pp. 8-11.
  25. ↑ Oscar Paret : Ludwigsburg and the land around the Asperg. Ludwigsburg 1934, p. 22.
  26. ^ Karl Eduard Paulus : Description of the Oberamt Ludwigsburg . Edited by Royal Statistical-Topographical Bureau. Aue, Stuttgart 1859, p. 260 ( digitized version ).
  27. ↑ Explanations to sheet 7020 Bietigheim-Bissingen to the geological map 1: 25,000 of Baden-Württemberg , ed. from the State Geological Office and the State Surveying Office Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1981, p. 83f.
  28. ↑ A 50 km wide strip of territory along the eastern bank of the Rhine was declared a demilitarized zone in the Versailles Treaty (Article 43) after the First World War and was remilitarized by the Nazis from 1936.

Web links

Commons : Rotenacker  - collection of images, videos and audio files