Speedboat flotilla
|
Schnellbootflotille |
|
|---|---|
 Association symbol (coat of arms) |
|
| active | 1957 to June 29, 2006 |
| Country |
 Germany
|
| Armed forces | armed forces |
| Armed forces |
 German Navy
|
| Type | Command authority |
| Insinuation |
 Fleet command
|
| Last seat of the staff | Warnemünde ( High Dune ), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
| guide | |
| Last commander | Sea captain Matthias Kähler |
| insignia | |
| Flotilla stand of the commander of the speedboat flotilla | |
The Schnellbootflotille (SFltl) was a large association of the German Navy . It was set up in 1957 as the command of the speedboats and dissolved in 2006. Your remaining units were integrated into the operational flotilla 1 .
history
As part of the development of the then Federal Navy , the Schnellboot Command (KdoS ) was set up in Flensburg on October 1, 1957 (see Naval Base Command Flensburg-Mürwik ). When it was set up, the 1st Schnellbootgeschwader already existed, which had emerged from the former British Baltic Fishery Protection Service on April 1, 1956 and was initially under the command of naval training . As a type command for all speedboats, the KdoS was subordinate to the command of the naval forces at the time , which was later renamed first to command of the fleet , then to fleet command . This subordination was retained even after the name was changed to Schnellbootflotille in 1967. The flotilla was led by a captain at sea . The staff was stationed in Flensburg until 1994 and moved to Warnemünde on October 4, 1994 . On June 29, 2006 the SFltl was disbanded. The remaining 7th Schnellbootgeschwader was subordinated to the operational flotilla 1 in Kiel .
Boats of the SFltl took part in several naval missions abroad . As early as 1995, the use of speedboats was planned as part of Operation Deliberate Force , but was not called. In 2002, speedboats took part in Operation Enduring Freedom in the Horn of Africa and in 2003-2004 in Operation Active Endeavor in the sea area around Gibraltar .
organization
Several Schnellbootgeschwader (SG) were subordinate to the commander of the Schnellbootflotille (KdS) , the number and designation of which has hardly changed over the years. The flotilla staff served to support the KdS.
The SFltl should not be used as a closed formation. The tactical unit was the squadron, which in turn was usually divided into two, sometimes into three divisions. The squadron commanders were the tactical leaders (Officer in Tactical Command, OTC) and also led the 1st division. The deputy commanders (S3 staff officer) led the 2nd division and an experienced commander led the 3rd division if necessary.
The squadron staff originally formed independent command elements at the battalion level . In 1994, as part of the realignment of the Navy after reunification, a major reorganization of the staff took place. The squadron staff were integrated into the flotilla staff and greatly reduced in size. The flotilla staff took over all administrative tasks, while the squadron commanders only had a small command element that could serve as the core of a unit staff at sea.
The tenders formed the logistical base of the squadron. It was assumed that the bases would be destroyed early in a war. That is why the tenders carried supplies and later also a system support group (SUG) that was able to carry out repairs and maintenance work for which the boats did not have their own specialists and spare parts. The original role of the tenders as command and combat support platforms ceased to exist with the introduction of boat classes 148 and 143 at the latest.
According to a concept developed in the 1970s, combat groups were to be formed from boats of different classes. They should be led by the commander of a large boat (class 143 / 143A) because these boats were equipped with the better means of guidance. Corvette captains, who should have experience as commanders of smaller boats (class 142/148), were therefore used as commanders of the large boats. However, the logistical support of these combat groups turned out to be difficult because the different types had to be supported by the SUG embarked on the respective squadron tenders. The SUG were not able to support different types of boats. The concept was therefore soon discarded and the boats were used again in the squadron framework.
The commanders of the unit were in the rank of sea captain .
Commanders
| No. | Surname | Period | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18th | Matthias Kähler | 2005-2006 | 1997–99 Commander 5th SG Assigned as deputy to carry out the tasks |
| 17th | Heinrich Lange | 2004-2005 | 1995–97 Commander 5th SG |
| 16 | Henning Hoops | 1999-2004 | 1990–92 Commander 7th SG |
| 15th | Jens-Volker Kronisch | 1996-1999 | 1992–94 Commander 7th SG |
| 14th | Hubert hate | 1993-1996 | 1990–92 Commander 2nd SG |
| 13 | Klaus Hecker | 1989-1993 | 1981–84 Commander 3rd SG |
| 12 | Hans Frank | 1987-1989 | 1981–83 Commander 2nd SG Later Deputy Chief Inspector of the Bundeswehr |
| 11 | Jürgen Geier | 1986-1987 | 1977–79 Commander 3rd SG |
| 10 | Heinrich Schuur | 1981-1985 | 1974–76 Commander 5th SG |
| 9 | Hans Jochen Meyer-Höper | 1978-1981 | 1972–74 Commander of 5th SG |
| 8th | Gustav Carl Liebig | 1975-1988 | 1969–71 Commander 7th SG |
| 7th | Klaus-Jürgen Thäter | 1973-1975 | Set up the 5th SG with. 1959 Commander 1st SG and 1966–68 3rd SG. Later commander of the destroyer flotilla |
| 6th | Hans-Otto Rieve | 1970-1973 | 1961–65 Commander 7th SG |
| 5 | Hans-Helmut Klose | 1968-1970 | 1956 Commander 1. SG Later commander of the fleet |
| 4th | Jens Matzen | 1964-1968 | 1956–58 Commander 1. SG January 1, 1967 Renamed to Schnellbootflotille |
| 3 | Bernd Klug | 1962-1964 | |
| 2 | Carl-Heinz Birnbacher | 1960–1962 | |
| 1 | Friedrich Kemnade | 1958-1960 |
Subordinate associations
The numbering of the squadrons of the Federal Navy does not correspond to the order in which they are listed; instead, squadrons with an even number are traditionally stationed in the North Sea and those with an odd number in the Baltic Sea . So the 3rd Schnellbootgeschwader was set up before the 2nd. In 1970, however, all speedboats were concentrated in the Baltic Sea without changing the number of the 2nd SG. This broke the system.
1st Speedboat Squadron
The 1. SG was set up on April 1, 1956 with a retroactive installation order from April 25, 1956 as a Schnellboot-Lehrgeschwader under Corvette Captain Hans-Helmut Klose. The squadron was renamed the 1st Schnellbootgeschwader in 1956 and was stationed in the port of Stickenhörn in Kiel- Friedrichsort.
The first units were the herring gull , common gull and wild swan , which had previously also belonged to the British Baltic Fishery Protection Service under Klose's command . They were officially put into service on May 29, 1956 by the Inspector of the Navy , Vice Admiral Friedrich Ruge . Two other boats of the same type ( ice gull , sku ), which had been ordered for the maritime border protection , ran to the squadron on July 1, 1956 after its dissolution. A sixth boat ( tern ), which was converted several times for technical tests, was formally subject to the 1st SG, but was not used in the association. The five first-mentioned boats of class 149 remained with 1. SG until they were decommissioned in 1967.
In the 1960s, the German Navy tried out German speedboat developments as well as foreign alternatives. For this purpose, two boats from Norway - P6191 Hugin and P6192 Munin from the Tjeld class - were acquired in 1960 and two boats from Great Britain in 1961 . However, the boats did not meet expectations and were handed over to Turkey and Greece in 1964 and 1965 . In support of the 1st SG at the base in Stickenhörn the barge Knurrhahn and from 1960 the tender Weser in See were available.
The main task of the 1st SG was to train the crews for the Jaguar class boats, which started arriving in quick succession from 1957 . But from 1957 it also took part in national and NATO maneuvers and already called in Dutch and British ports for the first time in June 1957. It was assigned to NATO on Jan. 1, 1958. After the test boats were handed in, the squadron had shrunk back to five boats and a tender in 1965. Because the boats had been badly worn during training, they were decommissioned in 1967 and handed over to the Greek Navy , while Tender Weser was transferred to the 7th SG. The 1st SG was dissolved on March 1, 1967.
2nd Speedboat Squadron
The 2nd SG was set up on June 1, 1958 in Wilhelmshaven and was the only Schnellbootgeschwader that was temporarily stationed in the North Sea. Between September 1958 and November 1959 the squadron received ten newbuildings of the Jaguar class ( version: class 141 ) and in April 1962 the Elbe tender . In May 1964 the Danube tender was also subordinated to the 2nd SG. On November 1, 1970, the 2nd SG moved to the newly built base in Olpenitz on the Baltic Sea.
Between June 1975 and November 1976 the Jaguar boats were decommissioned and handed over to the Greek Navy. Between November 1976 and December 1977 ten boats of the Albatros class (class 143) were put into service as replacements . These boats were the first German speedboats to have a fully integrated weapon system and the Link 11 guidance system . On April 1, 1982 Tender Elbe was handed over to the 7th SG.
After the reunification , the 2nd SG moved to Rostock-Warnemünde on November 1st, 1994 , where it was stationed together with the 7th SG and the SFltl staff. On December 1, 1994 Tender Donau (A 69) was handed over to Turkey and replaced by a class 404 ship of the same name . On October 1, 1999, the 2nd and 7th SG exchanged half of their boats, so that the 2nd SG now consisted of five boats each of classes 143 and 143A ( Gepard class ).
In June 2006 the 2nd SG was decommissioned with the simultaneous deployment of the 1st Corvette Squadron (1st KG). Six of the class 143 boats were handed over to Tunisia , while four are laid up in Germany and are waiting for recycling. The boats of class 143A were again combined in the 7th SG. Tender Donau (A 516) was handed over to the 1st KG .
The squadron's motto was "Happy, cheerful and relaxed" and was indicated by the FHG flag signal when entering and leaving.
3rd Speedboat Squadron
The 3rd SG was set up on October 1, 1957 in Flensburg - Mürwik (see Naval Base Command Flensburg-Mürwik ). Between November 1957 and July 1959, the squadron was the first Schnellbootgeschwader to receive ten newbuildings of the Jaguar class ( version: class 140 ). In 1963, the Tender Rhein also joined the 3rd SG as a type ship of class 401 . Although it was initially planned to move to a new base on the Flensburg outer fjord near Langballig , the squadron remained in Flensburg until it was decommissioned.
In 1971 the four best-preserved boats, wolf , polecat , tiger and lion , were given to the 5th SG, in return the four boats Heron , Weihe , Pinguin , Kranich came from there , which were first retired with those of the 3rd SG.
From October 1972 to January 1974, the boats were replaced by ten of the Tiger class (class 148) . These boats were the first German speedboats with missile armament against sea targets, each consisting of four missiles of the type MM 38 Exocet .
In June 1992 Tender Rhein was decommissioned and sold for demolition. As a replacement, a class 404 ship of the same name was put into service in September 1993. The S 42 Iltis was handed over to Greece in October 1992 as the first Tiger class boat . When the 3rd SG was decommissioned in September 1998, with the exception of the S 50 Panther that was to be recycled, all vehicles were used. Five boats were handed over to the 5th SG, two each to Greece and Chile and one to Egypt. Tender Rhein came to the 3rd minesweeping squadron .
5th Speedboat Squadron
The 5th SG was set up on October 1st, 1959 in Neustadt in Holstein . It received ten Jaguar-class boats between October 1959 and March 1961 ( version: class 140 ). From April 1964, the Main Tender ( class 401 ) was available to the squadron. At the end of 1961 the squadron was subordinated to NATO. On February 1, 1968, the 5th SG moved to the new base in Olpenitz , where it remained until it was decommissioned. In 1971 four boats were exchanged with the 3rd SG. The Jaguar class boats were decommissioned between mid-1974 and late 1975.
Between June 1974 and August 1975 ten Tiger class ( class 148 ) boats were delivered as replacements . Until the squadron's decommissioning, they formed its fleet of boats. Tender Main was decommissioned in 1993 and replaced in June 1994 by a new building of the same name (class 404). The first boat to be taken out of service in 1992 was the S 52 Storch , which had long served as a test vehicle for various systems and handed over to Greece. Four more boats followed between 1994 and 1998, going to Greece and Chile. In 1998, five boats from the 3rd SG were added to replace the 5th SG.
Between 2000 and 2002 all boats were decommissioned and given to Greece and Egypt. Three boats were scrapped. When the squadron was decommissioned in December 2002, Tender Main was initially placed under the 2nd SG, before it was later placed under the 1st U squadron after renovation work.
7th Speedboat Squadron
The 7th SG was set up in Kiel -Wik on April 1, 1961 as the last of the speedboat squadrons of the German Navy. It was equipped with boats of the Zobel class (class 142) , a further development of the Jaguar class. The boats had an NBC protection system and improved motorization. The entry of the boats took place eight months later and was completed by October 1963. The squadron received the Neckar as a tender in 1963 and the Werra in 1964 (at times also the Weser ). One of the two tenders of the 7th SG was intended to serve as the lead ship of the flotilla in the event of war.
Between 1969 and 1972 the boats became class 142 mod. converted. They received wire-guided torpedoes of the type DM 2A1 (Seeaal) and a radar-controlled fire control system for the two 40 mm guns and the torpedoes. In 1982 tender Werra was handed over to the mine defense squadron North Sea and replaced by the tender Elbe coming from 2. SG .
From 1982 to 1984 the boats of the Zobel class were replaced by missile speedboats of the Gepard class (class 143A). The Class 143A was a modification of the Class 143 with vastly improved electronics and mine-laying capabilities. The planned anti-aircraft missile system RAM was only ready for use about 10 years later.
On June 15, 1987, the Tender Neckar (A 66) was accidentally hit by several shells in international waters off the Kaliningrad Oblast in the Baltic Sea, which a Polish Tarantul-class corvette had previously shot down as part of an air defense exercise in the Baltic Sea. Three soldiers were injured and there was property damage of DM 560,000 . The Neckar , which had observed a practice shooting by navies of the Warsaw Pact countries, was in the line of fire of the Polish missile corvettes ORP Górnik (434) and ORP Hutnik (435), which were commissioned in 1983 . The German federal government protested on June 16, 1987 about the incident.
In October 1994 the 7th SG was moved to the Rostock-Warnemünde base, where all the remaining speedboats were concentrated. On October 1, 1999, the 2nd and 7th SG exchanged half of their boats for each other ( see above ), after the 2nd SG was decommissioned, the boats of the Gepard class returned to the 7th SG. On June 29, 2006, after the Schnellbootflotilla was decommissioned, the 7th SG was the only remaining Schnellbootgeschwader to be subordinated to the operational flotilla 1 set up in Kiel . On July 4, 2016, the squadron went out of service. The remaining speedboats were decommissioned together with the squadron on November 16, 2016 and the tenders were placed under the newly formed support squadron.
Order and equipment
The speedboats essentially had the strategic purpose of relocating the three Baltic Sea exits ( Öresund , Great Belt , Little Belt ) for the Warsaw Pact naval forces and preventing amphibious landings.
Deployment concepts and weapon systems
According to the concept of the German Navy , the speedboats should primarily serve to combat surface targets. Originally, an offensive mission was planned to support a landing in the rear of the enemy in the Baltic Sea area. When such a landing appeared increasingly unrealistic in the early 1960s, the defense of opposing landing units became the main task of the boats. The ability to lay mines played a special role. After 1990, these tasks lost their importance and the speedboats were used for monitoring and escorting tasks in the context of foreign missions of the Navy .
When it was rebuilt, the navy initially relied on ship concepts that were tried and tested in the Second World War and that were modified according to the technical standards of the 1950s. In the case of the Jaguar-class boats, operational experience from fighting with British surface forces in the English Channel towards the end of the war was taken into account. Particular attention was paid to seaworthiness and artillery armament. The initially weak sensor equipment has been improved several times. However, it soon became apparent that the main problem was the straight-ahead torpedoes as the main weapon system. Their insufficient range made it necessary to penetrate deep into the range of the enemy's weapons, which would lead to high losses in view of the widespread surveillance and fire control radar systems compared to the previous war (see also Jaguar class, tactics ). In addition, the expected enemy, the Soviet Union , succeeded in equipping the first speedboats with missiles at the same time as the Jaguar boats were introduced . This means that the German boats were already technically obsolete when they were put into service.
Against this background, early in the 1960s there were considerations for new types of boats with improved armament. In a first step, the Zobel-class boats were modernized by adding long-range, wire-guided torpedoes and a radar-controlled fire control system. A considerably more powerful boat class 143 should have anti-ship missiles, wire-guided torpedoes and a stronger anti-aircraft defense, if possible also with missiles. In addition, they should get a modern integrated weapon system, which should make the automated use of weapons in the squadron possible. At the same time, tests of various types of boats and weapon systems took place, none of which were introduced later.
Since the ambitious class 143 project was delayed and, at the latest, the successful attack by Egyptian high-speed rocket craft of Soviet production on the Israeli destroyer Eilat in the Six Day War in 1967 made it clear that the German Navy had an urgent need for modern boats, it was decided to initiate rapid procurement of high-speed missile craft abroad. Compared to class 143, reduced services in the area of integrated weapons systems, torpedoes and NBC protection were accepted . The choice fell on the French type La Combattante II , which was based on a Lürssen design. 20 of these boats were purchased and put into service between 1973 and 1975 under the designation Class 148 . They were the first carriers of anti-sea missiles in the German Navy.
From April 1976 until the end of 1977 ten boats of class 143 could finally be put into service. They largely corresponded to the original plans, where they were equipped with two 76-mm guns instead of anti-aircraft missiles. The boats were considerably larger than the previous classes. Its greatest strength was the new command and weapon deployment system (FüWeS) AGIS (Automatic Combat and Information System for Speed Boats) , which enabled the exchange of data and the coordination of the deployment of weapons within the association.
With the arrival of classes 148 and 143 , the combat power of the speedboats had been significantly strengthened. The flotilla now had thirty boats with four MM38 Exocet missiles each and twenty boats with two DM2 A1 torpedoes each. However, the mine-laying ability had been significantly reduced. While classes 140, 141 and 142 each had 40 m of mine rails with a capacity of up to thirty mines of different types, the 148 boats could only have six to eight and classes 142 mod. and 143 no longer carry any mines at all - first the successor to the class 142 mod, designated as class 143A . was again equipped with mine rails for about 30 mines. In addition, a missile defense missile could later be introduced with the RAM system . Instead, the torpedo tubes were omitted. The Class 143A thus represents the completion of the German speedboat development.
In the mid-1980s, modernization and upgrading of the class 148 began. This included the installation of a Link 11 system, PALIS, which allowed data to be exchanged with the boats of classes 143 / 143A. Gradually, new fire control and search radars followed, and a new system for electronic warfare on some of the boats . With this modern equipment and, above all, the powerful commanding means, the SFltl associations were able to fulfill their defense mission in the given geography with good prospects of success against numerically superior opponents at the latest in the second half of the 1980s.
The change in situation that occurred in 1990 made this defense mission obsolete. In its place came operations for conflict prevention and crisis management in distant regions. The speedboats were only partially suitable for this. The relatively short range, the dependence on a tender, the technical design for cool waters and the limited seaworthiness in open oceans limited their possible uses. As small platforms with high speed and powerful armament, however, they were well able to take on tasks near the coast. The boats of the cheetah and albatross class were used for escort and security tasks in the Horn of Africa and in the Strait of Gibraltar. They have also proven their worth in coastal and maritime surveillance off the Lebanese coast.
Unrealized projects
In addition to these implemented projects, the SFltl examined a number of alternatives, including larger projects that were not implemented for various reasons.
Small speed boats classes 150 and 151
These two projects were plans for boats of 50 and 70 ts respectively , which were discontinued after the procurement of boats of classes 152 and 153.
Test boats classes 152 and 153
As an alternative to the displacement boats favored in Germany , two British and Norwegian speedboats were procured in the first half of the 1960s. After the experience with these boats, the procurement of planing boats was given up.
The Norwegian boats of the Nasty class (class 152) were tested as Hugin and Munin from 1960 to 1964. They should be similarly armed as the jaguar boats, but smaller and faster. However, neither range nor sea behavior met the requirements for use in the Baltic Sea. The boats were handed over to Turkey in 1965.
The arrow and beam boats, known as the Vosper class (class 153) after their British shipyard, were even faster with their gas turbine propulsion than Hugin and Munin and could run up to 60 knots in calm seas. They were tested from 1962 to 1965 with a similar result as the Nasty class and then handed over to Greece.
Large class 130 combat boat
As early as 1962, a larger type known as the large combat boat (class 130) was examined as an alternative to the further development of the previous speed boats . A fast vehicle of less than 1000 ts built according to the speedboat standard was intended. It was to be similarly armed as the later Class 143 , but carry six MM38s and be used as a command boat for combat groups. A CODOG system on two shafts was provided as the drive . Technically and financially, however, these demands proved to be unrealistic, so that the project was canceled in 1971.
Speedboats classes 144, 145, 146 and 147
In parallel to Class 143 , a comparable type was investigated under the designation Class 144 , which, in contrast to Class 143, should have a Tartar missile and a CODAG propulsion system. When it turned out that the development of the Class 143 would take longer than originally planned due to the complexity of the system, several alternative designs were examined, which should only carry individual components of the armament intended for 143. Three classes with a unit body and the following names were envisaged:
- Class 145 : four Tartar or Exocet missiles, two 40 mm or one 76 mm and 40 mm each
- Class 146 : two 533 mm torpedo tubes, one 76 mm and one 40 mm flak
- Class 147 : two 40 mm or one 76 mm and 40 mm each
In addition, mine rails of different lengths were used for all types. However, because the Navy insisted on the armament of the AGIS command system, which was still in development, these plans were not pursued, but continued work on Class 143 . At the same time, Class 148 was procured as a short-term makeshift.
Hydrofoils classes 160 , 161 and 162
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The hydrofoil concept was investigated as a further alternative to the conventional speedboats . In 1964, the construction of a test boat began, which had been designed by the Swiss company Supramar AG. It was to have a similar armament as the Jaguar boats, but be 45 to 50 knots fast. The project was canceled in 1967 when the Class 162 project emerged. The 90% completed hull of the prototype was sold in 1973 and was in a shipyard in Bad Arnis for a long time .
Another project called Class 161 was started in the 1960s, which was also never realized. The boats were to be equipped with two torpedo tubes and a 40 mm gun.
As a replacement for the class 142 mod. Another hydrofoil project was investigated in collaboration with other NATO navies, which was designated Class 162 . The navies of the USA , Canada , Great Britain and Italy were initially involved in the investigations . Germany, the USA and Italy signed an agreement in 1972 for Boeing to work on the project . Germany withdrew from the project because of very high costs (an estimated DM 1.4 billion for ten boats). The US Navy developed the Pegasus class with six boats, the Italian Navy developed the similar Sparviero class with seven boats.
Weapon systems
As alternatives to the later introduced Exocet and RAM missile systems , other types were investigated in the 1960s. The Tartar air target , which was also intended to be used against sea targets, played a role here. The British SeaCat was tested as a missile against air targets . For this purpose, the Sable class mink speedboat was used from 1963 . Two Tartar missiles were carried on launch racks at the stern. Two SeaCats were also attached to either side of the front 40mm gun.
The SeaCat attempts quickly failed due to the necessity of tracking the target from the boat during the FK flight. That was only possible with good visibility and calm seas. The Tartar trials lasted for several years and led to the result that Seeziel-FK are basically suitable for the use of speedboats, but the Tartar was too heavy for small platforms. The French MM38 Exocet was therefore chosen as an alternative.
Boat and ship names
With the exception of the test boats class 152 and 152, the boats of the SFltl had bird or predatory names. These are in part, such. B. Polecats or sea eagles , traditional names from previous German navies , others were used for the first time. For reasons that were never officially explained, the boats of classes 148 and 143 were initially only put into service with numbers. Political reasons have often been assumed as the background, but there is no evidence for this. Because the crews were attached to the old boat name and assigned the name of an old one to each new boat, from 1981 the animal names were again assigned in combination with the previous number. This practice was also retained for the last speedboat class 143A , which was only entered into service afterwards . The tenders were given the names of German rivers, which were retained when changing from class 401 to 404 .
See also
literature
- Hans Frank: The German speedboats in use: 1956 until today . Mittler & Sohn, Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8132-0880-1 (main basis for this article).
- Siegfried Breyer, Gerhard Koop: The ships, vehicles and planes of the German Navy from 1956 until today . Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1996, ISBN 978-3-7637-5950-7 .
- Wolfgang Harnack: The destroyer flotilla of the German Navy from 1958 until today . Köhler, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7822-0816-1 .
Web links
- SFltl, speed boats, tenders, comrade search
- Website of the Freundeskreis 2nd Speedboat Squadron
- Private website about the 2nd Schnellbootgeschwader
- Private website about the 5th Schnellbootgeschwader
- Website of the Comradeship 5th Schnellbootgeschwader
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hans Frank (Ed.): The German speed boats in action - 1956 until today. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn 2007, ISBN 978-3-8132-0880-1 .
- ↑ a b http://www.freundeskreis-schnellboote-korvetten.de/
- ↑ Jane's defense weekly. Jane's Pub. Co., 1987, p. 1345
- ↑ ES Mittler: Marine Rundschau: Journal for sea creatures. Volumes 84-85, page 244
- ↑ Sheet metal damage and other conflicts. Spiegel Online , May 16, 1988
- ↑ skin to skin. Spiegel Online, June 22, 1987
- ↑ http://www.bundesarchiv.de/php/bestaende_findmittel/bestaendeuebersicht/druckansicht.php?id_Stock=3918 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The era of the speedboats at UNIFIL is coming to an end
- ^ A b c d e f Siegfried Breyer, Gerhard Koop: The ships, vehicles and aircraft of the German Navy from 1956 to today. 1966.
- ^ Harald Fock: Schnellboot. Volume 3, Herford 1974, ISBN 3-7822-0093-4 .
Torpedo Speed Boats : Herring Gull Class (149) | Jaguar- class (140) | White-tailed eagle class (141) | Sable- class (142)
(Torpedo) missile high-speed craft: Tiger class (148) | Albatross class (143) | Cheetah- class (143A) | Sassnitz class (project 151)
Trial boats: Nasty class (152) | Vosper Class (153)
See also Schnellbootflotille and the list of ships of the Bundeswehr
Jens Matzen (until 1958) | Friedrich Kemnade (1958–1960) | Carl-Heinz Birnbacher (1960–1962) | Bernd Klug (1962–1964) | Jens Matzen (1964–1968) | Hans-Helmut Klose (1968–1970) | Hans-Otto Rieve (1970–1973) | Klaus-Jürgen Thäter (1973–1975) | Gustav Carl Liebig (1975–1978) | Hans-Jochen Meyer-Höper (1978–1981) | Heinrich Schuur (1981–1985) | Jürgen-Friedrich Geier (1986–1987) | Hans Frank (1987-1989) | Klaus Hecker (1989–1993) | Hubert Haß (1993–1996) Jens-Volker Kronisch (1996–1999) | Henning Hoops (1999-2004) | Heinrich Lange (2004–2005) | Matthias Kähler (2005-2006)