St. John's Erbstollen
| St. John's Erbstollen | |||
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| General information about the mine | |||
 The tunnel mouth hole of the St. Johannes Erbstollen |
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| other names | St. Johannes Erbstolln, St. Johannis Erbstolln |
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 25 '14 " N , 7 ° 18' 2.3" E | ||
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| Location | Muttental | ||
| local community | Witten | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Ennepe-Ruhr district | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The St. Johannes Erbstollen is a former Erbstollen in Witten in the districts of Hardenstein and Vormholz . The tunnel is located west of the Muttental . The tunnel was also known under the names Tiefer Johannis Stollen , St. Johannes Erbstolln , St. Johannis-Erbstollen , Johannis Erbstolln and Johannes Erbstolln . Its lower part runs in the valley of a nameless brook, which is locally called Deipenbecke ( nds. For "deep brook") or simply Hardensteiner brook . The St.-Johannes-Erbstollen was the most important tunnel in the region and was used for dewatering and ventilation of the surrounding mines , which were mining on hard coal . The Erbstollen belonged to the Märkisches Bergamts district.
history
The beginnings
In 1767, some trades intended to create the deepest possible tunnel . The tunnel should be created in the Hardenstein area. This was communicated to the mining office under the direction of Johann Peter Mahler . On November 6th of the same year the suspicion was given . A little later, the tunnel was set up at the point assigned by the mining authority. In the following year the tunnel was abandoned. On December 2nd of the year 1773 and on June 15th of the year 1777 a new mutation was introduced. This time the landowner Johann Henrich Oberste Frielinghaus acted as mother. At the same time, several mines, including the mines Frielinghaus , Stralsund , Kurz Eggersbank and others, signed a contract for the construction of a new deep tunnel. The new tunnel was set up in the same year. The tunnel mouth hole was created on the Ruhr, west of the Hardenstein castle ruins. The tunnel mouth hole was at a depth of +77 m above sea level and was thus seven meters lower than the Bommerbänker Erbstollen . Compared to the Frielinghaus tunnel, the St.-Johannes-Erbstollen produced a depth gain of twelve meters. The tunnel mouth hole was equipped with self-closing doors to protect the tunnel from any flooding in the Ruhr.
The experience in the first few years
The excavation of the tunnel was made querschlägig south. The tunnel was excavated with mallets and iron and partly with explosives, partly through hard rock . The tunnel was built with an average height of two meters. The tailings was with carts from the tunnel promoted and for days in the Ruhr poured. In the rainy season, problems arose due to the self-closing doors. As a result, the drifting of the tunnel often had to be deferred . On September 26, 1780, the mining authority granted the concession for the tunnel. On December 9, 1783, the loan was made . Johann Henrich Oberste Frielinghaus became the feudal bearer and manager of the mine. Further trades were the mountain jury Crone, the upper jury Wünnenberg, the assessor Cappel, the Freiherr von Elversfeld, the chief miner JP Heinzmann, the Oberbergrat Wehling and the Oberbergrat Waitz Freiherr von Eschen. On June 29 of the year 1784, the tunnel was by the head of the Mark Berg Revieres, the Baron von Stein , navigate . The St.-Johannes-Erbstollen was one of 63 mining operations, which vom Stein used on his eighteen-day journey through the Brandenburg mountain area. At the time of the visit, the tunnel had already been driven 40 meters. Vom Stein provided information about the condition of the tunnel and the performance of the miners working there in his protocol . He gave information about the local geological conditions. Vom Stein also proposed that the course of the tunnel along with the surrounding mines should be entered into a crack system in order to better align the tunnel.
On December 9, 1785, the right to inherit the St.-Johannes-Erbstollen was granted . In the same year Johann Henrich Oberste Frielinghaus withdrew as a tradesman and gave half of his Kuxe to his son-in-law, the businessman Peter Engelbert Berger. In May of 1786 the tunnel was driven again by the manager of the Brandenburg mountain area Freiherr vom Stein. Vom Stein was accompanied by the district jury Crone. At this point in time, the tunnel had already been excavated 75 meters. The Morgenstern seam had been approached and examined a few meters in an easterly direction. Several boundary stones were set in 1788. On December 19 of the same year, permission was given to set up an hereditary tunnel. Peter Engelbert Berger had meanwhile taken over the management of the Erbstollen. On December 9th, 1789, the Längenfeld St. Johannes Erbstollen No. 1 was awarded. In 1792 the tunnel reached the seam of the short Eggersbank union with a driveway length of 355 meters. On January 11, 1794, the Längenfeld St. Johannes No. 2 and on July 28 of the same year the Längenfeld St. Johannes No. 3 was awarded. In the same year the tunnel reached the Mausegatt seam . The Frielinghaus union operated its mine in this seam. In the seam , the Erbstöllner mined . In 1796 the tunnel was driven further south. The Erbstollen was in operation in 1800. From 1804 the excavation of the Erbstollen was reinforced. In the summer of the same year, the tunnel reached the next seam with a drive length of 543 meters. In addition, the legitimate was measured this year . Due to the driveway length of over 500 meters, there were increased problems with ventilation in the tunnel . Due to the slight draft , the blasting swaths hardly moved away during blasting . For this reason, the excavation work for the Alexander shaft began that same year . The shaft was initially planned as a light hole , but was then expanded into a shaft. The Alexander shaft was set up on Berghauser Strasse and sunk down to the bottom of the St.-Johannes-Erbstollen. It was dug for tons and reached a shallow depth of 44 laughs. After the shaft was sunk, the weather could be better discharged from the tunnel .
The further ascension
On May 20, 1805, the Längenfeld St. Johannes No. 1 and St. Johannes No. 4 were awarded. In 1807, during the excavation of the tunnel, rails were laid for Grubenhunte , which transported the extracted material to the tunnel mouthhole on the Ruhr , located below the Hardenstein castle ruins . In 1810 the tunnel was driven further south. In the same year the tunnel reached the seams Arrival and Anclam. In 1811 Mausegatt was mined in the seam. The coal mined was transported to a coal depot on the Ruhr. This coal deposit was at a distance of 30 laughs from the tunnel mouth hole. In the same year the Erbstollen reached the Neuglück & Stettin field . In the Stettin seam, work began in 1811 to sink the Wilhelm shaft using tons. In 1813 Carl Friedrich Gethmann became the union's new tenant and deputy. In 1815 the Wilhelm shaft was in operation. The shaft was used to ventilate the tunnel. In the same year the tunnel was further excavated. On June 26, 1819, the union of the St.-Johannes-Erbstollen and the union Frielinghaus partially merged to form the union St. Johannes-Erbstollen & Frielinghaus Flügelort. The purpose of this amalgamation was the excavation of a wing location up to the hereditary tunnel. In 1820 the tunnel was driven further, the Wilhelm shaft was still in operation. In 1822 the tunnel reached the Josephine seam. In order to improve ventilation, the Siegfried shaft was sunk to take several tons. The shaft was set up at the height south of the inn to the old door. In order to offset the costs incurred by driving the tunnel, the trades were allowed to mine coal in the upper seam. The coal was conveyed through the Siegfried shaft and transported over days by truckers to the southern part of the country. In 1824 the tunnel reached a length of driveway of over one kilometer. Together with the wing words, pits with a total length of three kilometers had meanwhile been excavated.
The Siegfried shaft was in operation in 1825, and the tunnel was opened further. In 1826 the mining operations at the Siegfried shaft were stopped on the instructions of the mining authority. The reason for this was a letter of complaint from the local people. In the same year the Erbstollen reached the Bommerbänker Mulde. The further opening was discontinued. The Fortuna colliery has now been solved with the tunnel . In this first final stage, the tunnel had an excavation length of 1203 meters. On December 20 of the same year, the Längenfeld seams Beatitudo and seam Josephine were awarded. Since the Siegfried shaft could no longer be used continuously for the hereditary tunnel, it was necessary to build a new shaft. On February 3, 1827, the parties involved in the negotiations agreed to sink the Aurora shaft. That same year, the further excavation of the tunnel was the Mining Authority deferred . In addition, the excavation work for the Aurora shaft began this year. The Aurora shaft was set up at today's Rauendahler Strasse 300 meters east of the confluence with today's Berghauser Strasse. In 1830, the Aurora shaft started mining . The excavation work in the tunnel was resumed the following year. The tunnel was driven further west in the Beatitudo seam. On March 25, 1832, the Frielinghaus colliery was partially merged under the name of St. Johannes Erbstollen & Frielinghaus Tiefbau. The purpose of this association was civil engineering in the form of a joint venture. In 1834 the Orion shaft was put into operation. In 1835 the mines Frielinghaus, Louisenglück , Österbank, Neuglück and Stettin , United Arrival & Anclam , Fortuna to the East , Fortuna to the West , and Morgenstern to the East were solved through the Erbstollen, partly directly and partly via wing towns. In 1836 civil engineering began. In 1838 mining was carried out in the Streitiges Feld field. A horse-drawn railway to the Ruhr was operated, this railway had a length of 560 laughs. In 1840 the Orion shaft was in production. The Längenfeld St. Johannes Erbstollen No. 0 was consolidated into the United Peace mine . In the summer of the same year, a breakthrough was made on an old floor of the St. Georg colliery .
The other years
In 1842 the deferral of the tunnel excavation was lifted again. In January of the same year, the mine field of the Gideon colliery was also cleared. In addition, the tradesmen, together with the responsible mining officials, considered whether the heritage tunnel should be driven further south from Fortuna through the Bommerbänker Mulde. According to the calculation, this measure would have given the tunnels on the south wing of the Bommerbänker Mulde a depth gain of 15 meters. In the same year, the tunnel was driven further to the Sprockhövel mountain area. The Belle Alliance mine field was then also resolved. On August 11, 1843, the Längenfeld St. Johannes Erbstollen No. 4 was awarded. In the following years the tunnel was further opened. In 1847, which was at a Auffahrungslänge of 1,588 meters seigere shaft Juno reaches the mine Fortuna to the east. The tunnel now had an approach length of 1621 meters. In the same year a part of the field below the bottom of the Erbstollen was given so that this part of the field below the bottom of the Erbstollen could consolidate into the United Hardenstein colliery . In the following year, the tunnel met the main seam of the Cronenbank colliery with a drive length of 1630 meters . It was in the seam a About sculpting created that allows you to 11.5 meters with the Bommer bankers Erbstollen was durchschlägig. The hereditary tunnel was only seven meters below the tunnel on the south wing of the Bommerbänker Mulde, the calculated depth gain of 15 meters had not been achieved. The hereditary tunnel rights remained with the Bommerbänker Erbstollen. In 1852, the Aurora machine shaft of the Fortuna colliery was used together with the Frielinghaus colliery. In 1853 the field of the Neubommerbank colliery was dissolved. On May 29, 1854, the St. Johannes Erbstollen No. 4 was awarded, which in the same year consolidated below the bottom of the Erbstollen to form the Herberholz colliery . In addition, the Längenfeld St. Johannes Erbstollen No. 5 and the two ore fields Diana and Juno were awarded this year. In the same year, the Heinrich shaft of the St. Anna & Sybilla colliery , which took several tons, was connected to the hereditary tunnel via a wing.
In 1855 a railroad to the coal defeat on the Ruhr was put into operation, this railroad had a length of 530 laughs. At that time, the Erbstollen belonged to the Hardenstein jury area . In the same year, the drainage of pit water from the mines Juno, Jupiter , Kurzes Ende , Rastadt , Oberste Frielinghaus , Sybilla , Gideon, St. Georg and Vereinigte Kassian began . In addition, coal was extracted from these mines via the Erbstollen . Since the Bommerbänker Erbstollen collapsed in several places over the years and he was unable to carry out his duties, there were often disputes between the trades of the St. Johannes Erbstollen and the trades of the Bommerbänker Erbstollen. On February 19, 1859, the Längenfeld St. Johannes Erbstollen No. 5 was awarded to the west. In 1860 the trades of the St. Johannes Erbstollen tried with the trades of the Bommerbänker Erbstollen to end their disputes through a contract. This year the operation in seam No. 4 deferred , the reason was the poor quality of the coals. The alignment and installation work in seams No. 5 and No. 6 were continued this year. On May 20, 1862, the consolidation to Vereinigte Bommerbänker Tiefbau took place below the bottom of the Erbstollen . In 1863 the end point was reached via a wing location in the privileges of Glücksstern . The tunnel, including the Glückssternflügelort, had an approach length of 1505 Lachtern. The length of the tunnel was 1703 meters at that time. The Erbstollen now belonged to the Sprockhövel mountain area . At this point in time, the hereditary tunnel was of little importance for the water solution. After the end point of the tunnel had been reached, further excavation of the tunnel was stopped in the same year. In 1864, mine director Köllermann took over the management of the St. Johannes Erbstollen union.
The last few years
In 1870 coal mining was stopped in the Erbstollen. On April 21 of the same year, the tunnel was stepped with a driveway length of 1560 Lachtern from the tunnel mouth hole . At that time, the entire tunnel, including all wing locations and opening, had a length of 8,000 meters. In the following years, only maintenance work was carried out in the tunnel. In 1874 a railroad embankment was raised in the area of the tunnel mouth hole, which meant that the coal store at the tunnel was covered by the railroad embankment. Due to the embankment that was built for the Ruhr Valley Railway , the tunnel had to be extended several meters and its mouth hole created directly on the banks of the Ruhr. In 1881 the Erbstollen was out of order. In the same year a coal pillar of the United Bommerbänker Tiefbau colliery collapsed in the Glücksstern field. As a result, the tunnel partially broke and the pit water from the Glücksstern colliery could no longer be discharged via the St. Johannes Erbstollen. In 1884, the United Bommerbänker civil engineering colliery carried out repair work in the Erbstollen . In 1887 the repair work was stopped. The St. Johannes Erbstollen has now been closed. Over the years the tunnel deteriorated more and more so that it could no longer be driven .
In 1894 the St. Johannes Erbstollen was no longer mentioned in the documents. With the acquisition of the United Hermann mine in 1913, Carl Deilmann from Dortmund also acquired the Erbstollen. The hereditary tunnel rights, however, had expired. In October 1918, a joint venture was formed with the Frielinghaus, Vereinigte Gutglück & Wrangel and Vereinigte Hermann collieries , but there was no operation in the Erbstollen. On February 25, 1925, a contract was signed with the United Hermann colliery for the dismantling of remaining piers . After the end of the Second World War, parts of the tunnel were again used to dissolve water from some of the small mines that were doing gleanings here . Since the tunnel was already partially broken, the drainage of the pit water was very poor. After the last connected mine, the Christa II colliery , was shut down in 1965 , the hereditary tunnel was no longer necessary. In the same year the St. Johannes Erbstollen was finally closed.
Current condition
The St. Johannes-Erbstollen has since fallen into disrepair and is no longer passable due to crumbs . As before, however, the mining area around the Hardenstein castle ruins drains through it . The mouth of the tunnel, which is closed with a grid, is located directly below the “Ruine Hardenstein” stop of the Ruhr Valley Railway. The pit water contains iron and the water bed is colored orange-brown by the iron (III) oxide hydrate ("iron ocher") precipitated as a result of oxidation . An information board on the Muttental mining trail indicates the location. The tunnel has been a monument since 2007 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Joachim Huske : Die Steinkohlenzechen im Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning until 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum. 144). 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Gerhard Koetter (Ed.): Bergbau im Muttental. 1st edition. Druckstatt Wöhrle, Witten 2001, ISBN 3-00-008659-5 .
- ↑ "Hardenstein" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 24, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e Gerhard Koetter (Ed.): From seams, tunnels and shafts in the Muttental. 1st edition. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89861-612-6 .
- ↑ a b Ludwig Herrmann Wilhelm Jacobi : The mining, metallurgy and trade of the government district Arnsberg in statistical representation. Published by Julius Bädeker, Iserlohn 1857.
- ↑ a b c St. Johannes Erbstollen. In: Witten Tourist Office. (Ed.): Muttental mining circuit. 7th edition. Witten 1988.
- ↑ a b Kurt Pfläging: Stein's journey through coal mining on the Ruhr. 1st edition. Geiger Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-529-2 .
- ↑ a b c Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
- ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Ninth volume, publishing house of the royal secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1861
- ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Twelfth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1864.
- ↑ 7grad.org: St. Johannes Erbstollen (last accessed on November 5, 2012)
Web links
- Early mining on the Ruhr: St. Johannes Erbstollen (last accessed on November 5, 2012)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: historical map around 1840 (accessed April 28, 2014)
- Early mining on the Ruhr: Map of the situation around 2000 (accessed April 28, 2014)