St. Ludgerus (Billerbeck)

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Ludgerusdom, Billerbeck (00312) .jpg
Ludgerus Cathedral
Basic data
Place: Billerbeck
Construction time: 1892 - 1898
Architect : Wilhelm Rincklake
Architectural style : Neo-Gothic
Technical specifications
Height: 100 m
Building material: Baumberger sandstone

The Propsteikirche St. Ludgerus , also called Ludgerus-Dom , is a Catholic pilgrimage church in the city of Billerbeck in the diocese of Münster and one of the two churches of the parish and provost community St. Johannes and St. Ludgerus. It is a neo-Gothic hall church with a transept .

historical development

Alt St. Ludgerus 1891

Bishop Liudger baptized in Billerbeck and founded the parish church of St. Johannes Baptista there before 800 . In the 11th century, a chapel dedicated to the saint was built at the place of death or in its vicinity, presumably with a cult of St. Ludgerus was connected. Patron saint was St. Nicholas . In the 15th century this chapel was extended in a Gothic style. Under Prince Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen (1650–1678) the tower was raised by one storey. Towards the end of the 19th century the building was demolished to make way for a new building.

Evening lighting

Today's provost church was built in the years 1892–1898 on the foundation walls of the Romanesque Ludgeri church and a death chapel built around 1735 by the builder Wilhelm Rincklake (1851–1927). He designed the nave as a basilica with transept and the 100 m high tower from the pair in the near Baumbergen pending Baumberger sandstone . The towers of the cathedral are visible to travelers from afar.

View into the choir room

The neo-Gothic Ludgerus Cathedral included the site where St. Ludgerus died. The place of death of the saint in Billerbeck is next to his burial place in St. Ludgerus in Essen-Werden one of the focal points of Ludgerus veneration. Billerbeck thus has both historical and spiritual significance for the entire diocese. The city is one of the three "high places" of the diocese.

At the inauguration of the church, Bishop Hermann Jakob Dingelstad said that he “could rightly call this important church the 'Ludgerus Cathedral' ”. Since that time, the provost church has also been called the cathedral, although it is not a cathedral or bishopric.

Like the architect, the sculptors , carpenters and glass painters involved in the construction were inspired by medieval models and developed their approaches further, creating a uniform ensemble from the building structure to the furnishings.

The main destination of the pilgrims who make a pilgrimage to Billerbeck is the death chapel in the south tower of the Ludgerus Cathedral. It is a quiet place of prayer, where, according to tradition, the house where Liudger died. The Carrara marble altarpiece shows the death of St. Ludgerus. Under the altar plate there is a monstrance reliquary with relics of the saint in an illuminated niche .

With its striking silhouette and (measured by the size of the town) extremely imposing dimensions, the Ludgerus Cathedral is the landmark of the city of Billerbeck that can be seen from afar .

Facade of the cathedral

South portal

West facade

The main portal is flanked by two figures: St. Abbot Gregory of Utrecht, Liudger's teacher in Utrecht, on the left St. Nicholas, to whom the earlier church was dedicated at this point. A crucifixion group rises above a six-lane window in the gable. In the gable niche there is a figure of St. Liudger.

South facade

It is consecrated to Mary , the Mother of God . There is a relief of the “Annunciation” above the portal. On the sides of the portal there are two sandstone figures of great devotees of Mary: on the right, St. Bernhard von Clairvaux and on the left St. Hermann-Josef von Steinfeld / Eifel . These are copies. The two heavily weathered originals are currently being kept in the sandstone museum in Havixbeck , protected from further deterioration . In the cross gable Mary is depicted with the baby Jesus, surrounded by two angels.

At the end of the 100th anniversary of the cathedral, a memorial stone was erected on the south side of the cathedral at the end of 1998, which was designed by the painter and sculptor Mechthild Ammann from Billerbeck. In this stone made of Baumberger sandstone, the material from which the cathedral was built, two high-gloss polished stainless steel plates are embedded at eye level. In the etching process, sketches and scenes, texts and symbols have been incorporated into the metal surfaces, which deal with the prehistory and with the construction of the cathedral itself.

Interior of the church

Confessional in the nave

The central nave , side nave and transept arms are covered by ribbed vaults . The central nave measures 22.5 meters in height from the floor to the vaulting stone. The side aisles are 10 meters high. The ridge height of the roof is 34 meters. In the Vierungsjoch the vault is raised to an eight-part shape. The room holds 4000 people.

Choir window

The 15 meter high, three-part choir windows contain the theme of the work of salvation beginning with the expulsion of the first people after the fall of man. They show numerous stations from the Old and New Testament. The two lower scenes of each window are taken from the Old Testament and typologically refer to the two upper New Testament scenes. In the only non-biblical picture, St. Liudger showed how he celebrated Holy Mass one last time the day before his death. In the midst of all biblical images it is so aptly expressed that the celebration of Holy Mass keeps the whole work of God in front of the church and all people, which culminates in the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross. The entire window cycle comes from the glass painting workshop Anton von der Forst in Münster.

Northern side choir

It is dedicated to the Mother of God. If the winged altar is open, you can see a statue of Our Lady in the middle and angels to the left and right. On the wings of the altar there are six paintings of saints: (right) Dominikus , Heriburg von Nottuln , Bernhard von Clairvaux ; (left) Joachim , Anna , Simeon . - When the altar is closed, a painting with the Annunciation can be seen, Liudger on the left and Johannes on the right . The three windows of the choir illustrate scenes from the life of Our Lady .

Southern side choir

The southern side choir with the open winged altar

It is consecrated to St. Joseph , who can be seen with the altar open with the baby Jesus. To the right and left of him there are paintings and reliefs relating to Joseph's life.

The image of the closed altar refers to the elevation of Joseph to the patron saint of the church by Pope Pius IX. on December 8, 1870; next to it (right) the Saints Franz von Sales , Alfons von Liguori and the blessed Hermann-Joseph ; (left) Theresia , Birgitta and the Blessed Maria of the Angels . The three windows show further representations from the life of the saint.

Windows of the transept and aisles

  • The south transept window shows through the various images that the church should be a house of prayer: the merchants are driven out of the temple, Mary and Martha, Jesus on the Mount of Olives, the Tabor.
  • The northern window is under the motto "The foundation of the Church through Christ": Sermon on the Mount , Pentecost Sermon of St. Peter , promise to Peter, commission to Peter “Feed my lambs”.
  • In the windows of the side aisles twelve saints are depicted who have a special relationship with the diocese of Münster: in the south aisle there are Paulus and Bonifatius , Suitbert and Heriburg, the Ewaldi brothers ; in the north aisle: Willibrord and Viktor, Ida and Thiathild, Norbert and Gottfried.
  • The upper clad windows are filled with carpet patterns. The window of the west facade (tower) shows the patrons of church music : Cecilia of Rome and Pope Gregory the Great .

Tower chapels

Chapel in the south tower

Here is the main destination of the pilgrims: the death chapel of St. Liudger. This chapel is a quiet place of prayer, where according to old tradition the house where Liudger died. The gaze falls on the bright altar, which stands out against the dark floor. The altarpiece (relief), carved from Carrara marble , shows the death of Liudger among his brothers. On both sides of the altarpiece there are figures bearing symbols of the divine virtues and cardinal virtues: cross = faith, anchor = hope, heart = love, blindfolded eyes and scales = justice, book and snake = prudence, overturned vessel = measure, sword = Bravery.

A monstrance reliquary is located in an illuminated niche under the altar plate. This relic of the saint from the right foot was given to the Billerbeck pastor Hennewig in the Ludgerikirche in Münster on June 17, 1860 by the vicar general Johann Bernhard Brinkmann (who later became confessor).

The upper part of the west window in the chapel shows the transfer of the bones to Werden and below Liudger during prayer and how, according to legend, a messenger calls him to Charlemagne.

In the window above the altar the legend is shown how Gerfried and Heriburg, nephew and sister of the saint, learned of Liudger's death through a light signal from heaven. In the picture above Liudger is shown surrounded by four angels with the episcopal insignia.

The tapestry in front of the death chapel reminds us that the previous church at this location was consecrated to St. Nicholas.

Chandelier in Billerbeck Cathedral

Chapel in the north tower

Here is a memorial to over 300 people who died in Billerbeck in the Second World War . The names are immortalized on simple wooden crosses. The plaque hanging at the entrance lists over 100 people missing from the war. Between these crosses is a replica of the Pieta by Wilhelm Achtermann, which stood in Münster Cathedral and was destroyed by bombs in the last war. The sculptor Bernhard Meyer from Billerbeck created this work. The founder of the replica, which was set up on December 16, 1937, is a citizen of Billerbeck.

Organs

Fleiter organ from 1898

The first organ was built in 1898 by the organ builder Friedrich Fleiter from Münster . The organ work was reorganized in 1979 by Orgelbau Kreienbrink from Osnabrück , whereby a large part of the pipe material was reused. The slider chests -instrument had 47 registers on three manuals and pedal and electric action.

Arrangement of the organ from 1979  
III Swell Cg 3
1. Wooden flute 8th'
2. Coarse 8th'
3. Gemshorn 8th'
4th Beat 8th'
5. Singing principal 4 ′
6th Flute 4 ′
7th Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Schwiegel 2 ′
9. Third flute 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
10. Night horn 1'
11. Overtone III
12. Fittings V.
13. Basson 16 ′
14th oboe 8th'
Tremulant
II Positive C-g 3
15th Singing dumped 8th'
16. Quintadena 8th'
17th Principal 4 ′
18th Flauto dolce 4 ′
19th Forest flute 2 ′
20th Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
21st Sesquialtera II
22nd Scharff IV
23. Dulcian 8th'
Tremulant
I Hauptwerk C – g 3
24. Drone 16 ′
25th Principal 8th'
26th Viol 8th'
27. Reed flute 8th'
28. octave 4 ′
29 Pointed flute 4 ′
30th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
31. octave 2 ′
32. Cornett III
33. Mixture V-VI
34. Zimbel III
35. Trumpet 16 ′
36. Trumpet 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
37. Open bass 16 ′
38. Sub bass 16 ′
39. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
40. Principal bass 8th'
41. Dacked bass 8th'
42. Choral bass 4 ′
43. Wide whistle 2 ′
44. Backset V
45. trombone 16 ′
46. Trumpet 8th'
47. Clairon 4 ′
  • Coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P,

New Fleiter organ

In the years 2009–2011, the organ building company Fleiter from Münster-Nienberge built a new organ . The instrument has a total of 72 registers on four manuals and pedal and is arranged in the French- Romantic style. 67 registers are sounding registers (7 of which are extended registers), the remaining five are transmissions. The work is largely in the previous historical neo-Gothic cases, which have been enlarged. A new addition is a modernly designed Rückpositiv in the gallery balustrade. The playing and stop actions are electric. With the last construction phase, the completion of the fourth manual, the instrument was opened on March 26, 2014, the feast of St. Ludgerus, inaugurated.

I Rückpositiv C – a 3
1. Principal 08th'
2. Reed flute 08th'
3. Salizional 08th'
4th Unda maris 08th'
5. Praestant 04 ′
6th Wooden flute 04 ′
7th Forest flute 02 ′
8th. Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Sesquialtera II 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Mixture IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Trumpet 08th'
12. Cromorne 08th'
Tremulant
II main work C – a 3
13. Grand Bourdon (= No. 56) 32 ′
14th Principal 16 ′
15th Violone (from No. 19) 16 ′
16. Principal major 08th'
17th Praestant 08th'
18th Flute harmonique 08th'
19th Viola da gamba 08th'
20th Dumped 08th'
21st Octave major 04 ′
22nd Octave minor 04 ′
23. Flute conique 04 ′
24. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
25th Octave 02 ′
26th Cornett V 08th'
27. Mixture major 02 ′
28. Mixture minor 01'
29 Bombard 16 ′
30th Trumpet 08th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – a 3
31. Pipe border 16 ′
32. Violin principal 08th'
33. Double flute 08th'
34. Gamba 08th'
35. Vox coelestis 08th'
36. Bourdon 08th'
37. Principal 04 ′
38. Flute octaviante 04 ′
39. Fugara 04 ′
40. Nazard harmonique 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
41. Octavine 02 ′
42. Tierce 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
43. Fittings V. 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
44. Basson 16 ′
45. Trompette harmonique 08th'
46. Hautbois 08th'
47. Voix humaine 08th'
48. Clairon 04 ′
Tremulant
IV Chamadenwerk C – a 3
49. Trompeta magna 16 ′
50. Trompeta real 08th'
51. Trompeta Clarin 04 ′
52. Clarinet 08th'
53. Flute harmonique (= No. 18) 08th'
54. Cornett V (= No. 26) 08th'
Pedals C – g 1
55. Grande Flute (from No. 59) 32 ′
56. Bourdon (from no.57) 32 ′
57. Principal bass 16 ′
58. Contrabass (= No. 14) 16 ′
59. Flood 16 ′
60. Soubasse 16 ′
61. Viola tenore 08th'
62. Octavbass 08th'
63. Flute (from No. 59) 08th'
64. Bourdon (from no.57) 08th'
65. Cello (= No. 19) 08th'
66. Choral bass (from No. 62) 04 ′
67. Viola tenore 04 ′
68. Contrebombarde (from No. 69) 32 ′
69. trombone 16 ′
70. bassoon 16 ′
71. Trumpet bass 08th'
72. Clairon 04 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: I / II, III / II, III / I, IV / III, IV / II, IV / I, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Sub-coupling: III / III, III / II, III / I
    • Super couple: III / III, III / II, III / I, III / P, II / P, I / P

Choir organ from 2016

The choir organ was built by Orgelbau Waltershausen GmbH (Thuringia) and completed in 2016. The instrument is located in front of the eastern yoke of the north wall of the transept. It has 11 stops, which are extended from 5 rows of pipes, and two effect stops; the pipes are (with the exception of the larger prospectus pipes) housed in a swell box. The base of the organ is made of solid oak; On it is a row of prospect pipes in the form of a free pipe prospect , behind which the swell box is housed. At the front, two decorative grilles from the old choir screen of the cathedral were incorporated into the design of the prospectus.

The choir organ can (only) be played from a mobile, four-manual general console to which the main organ is also connected; the stops of the choir organ, like all works of the main organ, can be freely assigned to all manuals and the pedal of the general console. The playing and stop actions are electric.

Choir organ Ca 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 00 08th' 0
3. Dumped 08th'
4th viola 08th'
(Continuation)
5. Vox angelica 0 08th' 0
6th Octave 04 ′
7th Dumped 04 ′
8th. violin 04 ′
(Continuation)
09. Super octave 02 ′ 0
10. Basson 16 ′
11. English horn 0 08th'
Tremulant

The choir organ has two effect registers.

  • Mysterium Ludgeri (Mystery of Ludgerus): A flap opens below the prospectus pipes, two wooden geese stick their heads out and you can hear a sound that is reminiscent of goose chatter. Behind the geese there is a picture of St. Ludgerus. This effect register is reminiscent of a legend according to which St. Ludgerus is said to have sent geese in search of water as a missionary during a drought; the geese are said to have made their way through the earth; at the place of today's Ludgerusbrunnen they should have emerged from the ground again.
  • Fons Salutis (source of salvation): When you press this effect register, a prompt sounds that is reminiscent of rushing water. Inside the organ there is a drum filled with rice; if it is set in motion, the sound of the bubbling spring arises.

Bells

Until the First World War, the bells of the old Ludgerikirche were still hanging in the new bell tower. They date from 1677. Further bells were cast by Andreas Mabillot in 1777. According to a photo documentation, a small clock bell should also have existed at this time. The tone sequence of these bells was coordinated with the ringing of the Johanniskirche: h 1 cis 2 d 2 (deepened). After this bell was found to be too small, a new bell was purchased from the company Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock in 1909. The tone sequence was des 1 es 1 f 1 as 1 . A planned b 0 bell could not be realized due to cost expenditure. There was also a Catherine bell cast by Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock in 1897.

Up to 1943 there were 5 bells in the tower, cast by the Otto bell foundry in Bremen- Hemelingen. In 1927 the Otto foundry also cast a roof bell (Ton as ″, weight 85 kg).

Bells holdings until 1943  
No. Surname Casting year Caster Chime
1 Liudger 1926 Karl u. Ferdinand Otto, Bremen- Hemelingen b 0
2 Salvator 1922 of the 1st
3 Maria it 1
4th Joseph f 1
5 Anna and Agnes as 1

The south tower has had the new Liudger Europe bell since November 21, 1992 , which was cast and hung to commemorate Liudger's jubilee (1250th birthday). Their distinguishing feature is the well-known Liudger emblem; Next to the word “I proclaim Christ to you” are the dates 792 and 1992. The European idea that shaped the life of Saint Liudger is expressed on the bell through the outline of a map with the places of activity and the Europe logo. Above it says "Faith overcomes borders".

The north tower carries the five remaining bells that were purchased in 1946 instead of the bells that had to be given in during World War II.

The bell in the roof turret only rings on certain occasions.

No. Surname Casting year Caster ∅
(cm)		 Weight
(kg)		 Chime inscription
1 Liudger 1992 Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock 220 7.150 ges 0 "I proclaim Christ to you" - "Faith overcomes boundaries."
2 Salvator 1946 b 0 "MVnDI CVnCtlpotens reCtor saLVat pereVntes SaLVatorl ergo IVngere Vos IVbeo."
(Salvation only brings the lost of the world almighty ruler; So just follow the Savior, that's my command.)
3 Maria of the 1st "Sancta Maria regina piissima pacis adesto Pacem da populis clamat ahenea vox."
(Holy Mary, Queen of peace, help us; give peace to the peoples, cries my brazen mouth.)
4th Joseph it 1 "Joseph vir iustus fidusque pudens humilisque Virtutes doceas defendas vitia."
(Joseph you just and faithful man, full of discipline and full of humility, teach us the virtues, defend us against vice.)
5 Ludgerus f 1 “Ludgerus vocor is called pagoque urbique patronus Bellis expertus by tueor geminis. “
(My name is Ludger, Schirmer here in the city and in the country, And so I stand by you, tried and tested in two wars.)
6th S. Crux ges 1 "To bello contrita refusa crucique dicataoccisos plango, iam super astra voco."
(The war struck me twice, now new and dedicated to the cross, I complain for the one who fell, drove him to the starry tent.)
7th [unknown]
(roof ridge)		 1893 Clemente Brighenti, Bologna ces 3 "Parroco e parrocchiani f [ecero] f [ondere] A [nno] MDCCCXCIII." And "Clemens Brighenti Bonon [iae] fudit."
(The parish and parishioners commissioned this pour in 1893. Clemente Brighenti from Bolgona poured [me].)

literature

  • Roswitha Bongartz: stonemasonry and sacred architecture. The building history of the provost church St. Ludgerus zu Billerbeck / Westf. 1892-1898 . In: Scientific writings of the WWU Münster . Row X, Volume 7 . Monsenstein and Vannerdat, Münster 2011, ISBN 978-3-8405-0044-2 , urn : nbn: de: hbz: 6-73499500506 (dissertation).
  • Catholic parish and probationary community St. Johann / St. Liudger Billerbeck (ed.): 100 years Ludgerusdom Billerbeck 1898–1998. Lechte-Druck, Emsdetten 1998.
  • Hans-Bernd Serries et. al .: Probsteikirche St. Ludgerus . In: Ludgerusstadt Billerbeck. Place of pilgrimage to St. Liudger. Vako-Druck, Dülmen 2011. pp. 6-19.

Web links

Commons : Propsteikirche St. Ludgerus (Billerbeck)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Disposition of the new cathedral organ
  2. ↑ Cf. Die Orgeln in St. Ludgerus Billerbeck ( Memento of the original from April 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.orgel-information.de
  3. ↑ Comprehensive presentation of the new building on the website of the cathedral organ
  4. ↑ Information on the choir organ on the municipality's website about the organs
  5. ↑ Information on the effect registers
  6. ^ Werner Freitag: History of the city of Billerbeck. Bielefeld 2012.
  7. ↑ Heinrich Otte: Glockenkunde. 1858.
  8. ↑ Brockmann: Historical communications from the city of Billerbeck. Billerbeck 1883.
  9. ^ Parish archive Billerbeck: Chronicle of the parish. Part 2.
  10. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, particularly pages 417, 521, 527, 529 .
  11. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, in particular pp. 393, 485, 489, 490 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).

Coordinates: 51 ° 58 ′ 40 ″  N , 7 ° 17 ′ 30 ″  E