Tchaikovsky Museum Klin

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Tchaikovsky House (2011)
Tchaikovsky Museum Grounds (2016)

The Tchaikovsky Museum Klin (National Memorial Music Museum of PI Tchaikovsky, Russian Государственный мемориальный музыкальный музей - заповедник П.И.Чайковского ) is a Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky dedicated museum grounds outside Klin 85 kilometers northwest of Moscow .

Tchaikovsky lived here in a country house from May 1892 until his death in November 1893 and completed the scores for Jolanthe and The Nutcracker , composed Pathétique , 18 piano pieces , the songs Six Romances and The Night based on a poem by Daniil Ratgaus, and wrote his last composition - the 3rd piano concerto .

From 1894 the property was expanded to become the Tchaikovsky Museum - the first musician museum in Russia. Initially privately owned, the memorial was under state custody from 1921. In 1964 an extension took place next to the existing Tchaikovsky House , surrounded by a garden according to the historical model, a concert building was built. In 1990 a permanent exhibition dedicated to Sergei Taneyev opened in an adjoining building .

The museum's archive includes Tchaikovsky's largest collection of manuscripts - personal letters, diaries, drafts for compositions and original scores - and has been a source for scientific publications for decades.

history

Tchaikovsky in Klin

Salon with Tchaikovsky's Becker wing (2011)
Tchaikovsky (1893)
Garden of the Tchaikovsky Museum (2011)
Tchaikovsky Monument (2011)

Tchaikovsky lived in the Klin area from 1885 to escape the hustle and bustle of Moscow and to be able to work in peace. First he lived in Maidanovo, later in Frolovskoye. On February 9, 1892 he wrote to his brother Anatol: “I have rented a house in Klin. Maybe you know it - the Sakharov house, big, comfortable, out of town, near the road to Moscow ... I need - I feel it - a house in the country, or, which is almost the same, in Klin, so that I always have a quiet place to work when I need to. The view is wonderful and there is a pretty big garden. "

In May 1892 Tchaikovsky and the family of his servant Alexei Sofronov moved into the country house built in 1870 outside the city limits of Klin and noted: “I feel good at home and nowhere else have I had such pleasant conditions. [...] I feel more comfortable than ever. I go for a lot of walks and it is very convenient to live near the freeway - I can even walk in rainy weather without the risk of "drowning" in the mud.

On October 7, 1893, Tchaikovsky von Klin went on a concert tour to Moscow and then to Saint Petersburg to conduct the world premiere of the Pathétique . He died in Saint Petersburg on October 25, 1893, November 6 according to the Gregorian calendar, at the age of 53.

museum

After Tchaikovsky's death, Sofronov bought the property and, on the initiative of Tchaikovsky's younger brother Modest , the musician's premises remained untouched, became a private museum on December 9, 1894 and served as an archive for Tchaikovsky's writings and as a bibliographic collection point. Modest Tchaikovsky acquired the property in 1897 and lived with Vladimir Davidov, heir to Tchaikovsky's author rights and son of his sister Aleksandra, in the country house in the redesigned rooms of the Sofronov family. Close friends and students of Tchaikovsky - Sergei Tanejew , Herman Larosch , Nikolai Kaschkin - supported the design of the museum from the beginning and donated archive material.

Modest Tchaikovsky, who died in 1916, bequeathed the museum to the Russian Music Society. The appointed museum director Nikolai Schegin moved the museum's inventory to the Conservatory in Moscow due to the political situation . In 1917, after the Bolshevik Revolution , an anarchist named Doroshenko and his family settled in the Tchaikovsky house. When he was arrested in April 1918, the Museum was given the status of a protected place by the People's Commissariat for Education and was nationalized in 1921 by a "Decree as an important historical memorial, the inviolability of which is of state importance", signed by Lenin . The overlapping in Moscow furniture and records reached in 1924 after Klin. From 1931 was the Bolshoi Theater for the museum responsible and in 1937 the museum was subject to the administration of the entire Soviet Cultural Committee.

As a result of the Second World War, most of the museum's inventory was evacuated to Votkinsk , Udmurtia . From the end of November until December 15, 1941, Klin was in the occupation zone of the German Wehrmacht , which severely damaged the museum. The ground floor served as a motorcycle garage and a shoemaker's workshop. The upper floor became the quarters for 100 soldiers who used the wooden furniture that remained in the house as firewood. After Klins had been retaken by Soviet soldiers, British State Secretary Anthony Eden and Soviet Ambassador to Great Britain Iwan Maiski examined the damaged museum on December 19, 1941 as part of a diplomatic mission with more than 20 correspondents. After the renovation of the house, Tchaikovsky's items were brought back to the museum in November 1944, which reopened on May 6, 1945.

In 1964 another building was erected on the museum grounds, which contains additional archive rooms, the museum administration and a concert hall with 350 seats.

The Tchaikovsky Museum has had a branch near Klin - the Demyanowo Museum, since the late 1980s . In Demjanowo was the country house of Vladimir Taneyev , who had studied with Tchaikovsky at the Institute of Law and who led a circle of intellectuals made up of scientists, artists and poets. His younger brother Sergei Taneyev was Tchaikovsky's student. From 1921, exhibits and writings from Demjanowo were brought to the Tchaikovsky Museum.

garden

Tchaikovsky's country house was surrounded by a large garden that led into a forest. Sofronow cultivated the overgrown garden between 1982 and 1983 without changing its original forest character with native wildflower fauna and original begonia species, roses, carnations and flame flowers. After his brother's death, Modest increasingly planted his favorite flowers , lilies of the valley , lilies , violets , forget-me-nots and bunny bells . Artists like Leonid Sobinow and Antonina Neschdanowa expressed appreciation by adding lilacs .

In 1958 Leopold Stokowski planted an oak in the garden of the Tchaikovsky Museum as a token of admiration. Since then, this symbolic honor has been continued on the occasion of the 4-yearly Tchaikovsky competition by its jurors, on anniversaries and by guests of honor.

In September 2006, a Tchaikovsky monument by the Russian sculptor Aleksander Roschnikow was unveiled in the garden .

Tchaikovsky Museum

Tchaikovsky House

Tchaikovsky House (2007)

The Tchaikovsky House is a two-story wooden house with a gray-blue facade and a green roof. Tchaikovsky lived on the upper floor, while his servant Alexei Sofronov and his family lived on the first floor. In 1897 Modest Tchaikovsky and Vladimir Davidov moved into Sofronov's redesigned premises, which are part of the museum commemorating Tchaikovsky's relatives.

Tchaikovsky lived in a salon and a bedroom on the upper floor, which are accessible via an anteroom. Tchaikovsky's rooms and the dining room on the ground floor were restored to their historical state after several reconstructive renovations and furnished with the original inventory.

The largest room on the upper floor is Tchaikovsky's salon. Here is a desk from which Tchaikovsky exchanged letters with his countless acquaintances, to whom u. a. the most important personalities of the musical culture of Russia and other countries belonged ”, led. In the middle of the room is a grand piano that Tchaikovsky received from the piano manufacturer when he moved to Maidanowo and on which he played four-handed piano works with visitors in the evenings. Bookcases hold an extensive library of novels in different languages ​​- Aksakov , Dostoyevsky , Tolstoy , Chekhov , Lermontow , Byron , Shakespeare , Milton , Alighieri , Goethe , Kleist , France , Flaubert , Maupassant , Zola , Ibsen , Kipling , Maeterlinck , Hamsun and Mereschkowski . Tchaikovsky's library next to it includes works of ancient philosophers and writings of Schopenhauer , Spencer and Nietzsche , art scientific literature, along with books on history, psychology, logic, linguistics, literary theory, economics, different countries, cities and museums, plus extensive collection of journals in different languages, dictionaries and multi-volume encyclopedias. Mementos and souvenirs of concert appearances are displayed in showcases - an inkwell in the form of a Statue of Liberty, which Tchaikovsky received on a tour through the United States, the honorary conductor's baton with which the Odessa Department of the Russian Music Society honored Tchaikovsky in 1893, and many more. There are gifts on the sideboards, for example a bronze rooster from Auguste-Nicolas Caïn , which Tchaikovsky received from Lucien Guitri out of gratitude for the setting of Shakespeare's Hamlet . The walls are decorated with paintings and family photos, especially photos of Tchaikovsky's parents Ilya Petrovich and Aleksandra Andreijewna. A small tea room adjoins the salon.

Musicological literature is distributed between the drawing room and the bedroom. It includes extensive anthologies of Russian, Ukrainian, Latvian, Moravian, German, French and Scottish folk songs, as well as "the scores of the operas Glinka , Rimsky-Korsakov , the works of Rubinstein , Balakirev , Borodin , Gasunov , Taneyev, Arenskis , and other Russian composers - Tchaikovsky's contemporaries - autographs can be seen on many. ”Works by Mozart , Haydn , Beethoven , Schumann , Bizet , Smetana , Dvořáks , Grieg and others bear Tchaikovsky's conductor's notes and sometimes his evaluation of the compositions.

A wide arched door separates the living room from the bedroom, which Tchaikovsky also served as a study. In addition to the bed, dressing table, wardrobe and bookcase, there is a small card table made of Karelian burl birch in the room, from which the garden can be overlooked. Tchaikovsky composed here.

Museum grounds

The Tchaikovsky House is surrounded by a 6.1 hectare garden. There is a concert building with additional exhibition rooms on the site. The music archive is open to the public with recordings from the 19th century to the present day, collections of photos and programs, an extensive bibliography, sculptures and paintings by Tchaikovsky, as well as stage decorations and costumes that were used in performances of his works.

In 1990 the exhibition Life and Legacy of SI Taneyev opened in an outbuilding of the property, and in 2015 the exhibition PI Tchaikovsky. Symphony 'Life'. The creative path and the artistic fate and musical spring of the world , which is dedicated to the history of the International Tchaikovsky Competition.

The museum has a total of 710 square meters of exhibition space, with an additional 127 square meters available for temporary exhibitions.

archive

The museum archive contains the largest collection of documents on Tchaikovsky - including 4,000 letters written by him, 7,000 documents addressed to him, his diaries and notebooks, drafts for scores and original autographs of his compositions from the estate of the Tchaikovsky, Davidov and d 'Assier family, from Nikolai Schegin, Margarita Rittikh and Sinaida Korotkowa-Leviton.

The oldest three-volume publication generated from this fund comes from Modest Tchaikovsky from 1900 to 1903, the most recent - The Complete Scientific Edition by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - has been published in stages since 2015. The Tchaikovsky Museum employs around 20 scientific staff.

The archive also contains personal testimonies from Tchaikovsky's contemporaries, including a. by the composers Sergei Taneyev and Anton Arenski, the cellist Anatoli Brandukow , the soprano Emilija Pawlowskaja , the musicologist Nadeschda Salina and the choir director Ulrich Awranek .

Before the Urtext edition of the 1st Piano Concerto was published, Kirill Gerstein had the opportunity to record the original version of the first piano concerto for the 140th anniversary of the premiere with the German Symphony Orchestra Berlin under the baton of James Gaffigan from the Tchaikovsky Museum in 2015 .

Events

Conferences

The Tchaikovsky Museum is the venue and organizer of the International Scientific Conference - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky and his heritage in the XIX-XXI Centuries: Forgotten and New . The first conference took place on the occasion of the 175th anniversary of Tchaikovsky's birthday, the second in November 2018.

Concerts

It has been a tradition since the 1920s for musicians to gather in Klin on May 7th to commemorate Tchaikovsky's birthday and to play on his grand piano. From 1958 this honor will be given to the winners of the Tchaikovsky competition.

Concerts take place regularly in the concert hall. Festivals are held on the occasion of anniversaries. In 2015, as part of the International Tchaikovsky Festival to commemorate his 175th birthday, the Vienna Philharmonic under the direction of Riccardo Muti , Mikhail Pletnjow with the Russian National Orchestra , Vladimir Fedoseyev with the Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra of Moscow Radio , Valeri Gergijew with the orchestra of Mariinsky Theater , the Sveshnikov Choir and the soloists Maxim Fedotow , Vladimir Ovchinnikow and Denis Mazujew on the museum grounds.

literature

  • Galina Iwanowna Belonowitsch (Ed.): PI Tchaikovsky House Museum in Klin. Moscow Region's Committee for Culture and Tourism 1994, ISBN 5-85025-093-X , (English / Russian).
  • Tchaikovsky Museum (ed.): The Tchaikovsky House in Klin. Guide to the museum. Translated from the Russian by M. Schatz, Progress, Moscow 1972, 70 pages.

Web links

Commons : Museum of Tchaikovsky in Klin  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Modest Tchaikovsky : Life and Letters of Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky. Haskell House 1970, ISBN 978-0-8383-0997-1 , page 677: “I rented a house in Klin to live there. Probably you saw it - the Sakharovs' house, large, comfortable, out-of-town, near the highway to Moscow .... I am in need - and I feel it - of having a house in the countryside, or, which is almost the same, in Klin, to make sure that I can get, whenever I wish, a calm, quiet place to work. Besides, I've become accustomed to Klin. The view from inside the house is really wonderful, and there is a rather large garden. I am thinking of buying this house in the future. "( Limited preview in the Google book search, English)
  2. Galina Ivanovna Belonowitsch (ed.): PI Tchaikovsky House Museum in Klin. Moscow Region's Committee for Culture and Tourism 1994, page 92: “I am well at home, and nowhere else did I have such comfortable conditions. […] I fell more at ease than ever. I walk a lot and it's very convenient to live just near the highway - I can walk even in rainy weather without a risk of being "drowned" in the mud. "
  3. ^ Dorothea Redepenning : Peter Tschaikowsky. CHBeck 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-68810-2 . ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  4. ^ Tchaikovsky Museum (ed.): The Tchaikovsky House in Klin. Guide to the museum. Translated from Russian by M. Schatz, Progress, Moscow 1972, page 14.
  5. ^ Julie Anne Sadie, Stanley Sadie : Calling on the Composer: A Guide to European Composer Houses and Museums. Yale University Press 2005, ISBN 978-0-300-10750-0 . ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  6. Patricia Kennedy Grimsted: Archives in Russia: A Directory and Bibliographic Guide to Holdings in Moscow and St.Petersburg. Routledge 1997, ISBN 978-0-7656-0034-9 . ( limited preview in Google Book Search, English)
  7. ^ Wolfgang Glaab: The German Wehrmacht and the Čajkovskij Museum in Klin . Tschaikowsky-Gesellschaft, Mitteilungen 13 (2006), PDF.
  8. Galina Ivanovna Belonowitsch (ed.): PI Tchaikovsky House Museum in Klin. Moscow Region's Committee for Culture and Tourism 1994, pages 90 to 91, (English).
  9. Stuart Isacoff: When the World Stopped to Listen: Van Cliburn's Cold War Triumph, and Its Aftermath. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 2017, ISBN 978-0-385-35218-5 . ( limited preview in Google Book Search, English)
  10. Ada binder : Энциклопедия конкурса: Члены жюри посадили дуб у дома Чайковского. Rossijskaja gaseta , June 29, 2015, accessed December 6, 2018 (Russian).
  11. Catherine Bott: We took a tour round Tchaikovsky's house and heard a world-famous pianist perform on the composer's piano. Classic FM, accessed December 6, 2018 .
  12. В Клину завершен Международный фестиваль имени Чайковского. ClassicalMusicNews.Ru, May 7, 2015, accessed December 6, 2018 (Russian).
  13. ^ Tchaikovsky monument unveiled near Moscow. United Press International , September 3, 2006, accessed December 6, 2018 .
  14. ^ Tchaikovsky Museum (ed.): The Tchaikovsky House in Klin. Guide to the museum. Translated from Russian by M. Schatz, Progress, Moscow 1972, page 44.
  15. ^ Tchaikovsky Museum (ed.): The Tchaikovsky House in Klin. Guide to the museum. Translated from Russian by M. Schatz, Progress, Moscow 1972, p. 16.
  16. a b Государственный мемориальный музыкальный музей-заповедник П.И. Чайковского. Museum.ru, accessed December 8, 2018 (Russian).
  17. ^ Edition plan of the complete scientific edition by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Music Production International, accessed December 8, 2018 .
  18. Stephan Schwarz: An interview with Kirill Gerstein. Word agains word? Fono Forum , May 2015, accessed December 8, 2018 .
  19. ^ International Scientific Conference - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky and his heritage in the XIX-XXI Centuries: Forgotten and New. (PDF) In: Tchaikovsky Society. Tchaikovsky Museum, accessed December 8, 2018 .
  20. ^ Tchaikovsky Society. Announcements 23 (2016). (PDF) Tchaikovsky Society, accessed December 8, 2018 .

Coordinates: 56 ° 19 ′ 44 ″  N , 36 ° 44 ′ 49 ″  E