vibrator
Vibrators ( Latin vibrare , "to tremble, quake, swing") are electromechanical sex toys in different shapes and made of different materials, which are set in vibration by a small electric motor and stimulate erogenous zones on the body through movement . Today vibrators are designed as masturbation aids or sex toys in partner intercourse mainly for the sexual arousal of women, but can also be used by men. But vibrators only for men are also offered. Special vibrators are available for certain areas of the body, for example the chest or anus .
history
There is no evidence for the widespread modern legend that doctors manually stimulated hysteria patients to orgasm and invented the vibrator to make work easier.
In 1883 Joseph Mortimer Granville patented an electromechanical vibrator, the “Percuteur”, and at the turn of the 20th century there were finally a number of different vibrators. More than a dozen models were presented at the 1900 World's Fair in Paris, including floor-standing units with castors, some dangling from the ceiling and very expensive models that could be plugged into the socket. Disguised as a medical or household device, the vibrator was advertised in magazines for housewives and magazines until the 1920s; it should relieve tension, prevent hysteria and preserve the youth and beauty of the wife. For a long time, advertising remained veiled; vibrators were offered well into the 20th century as devices for skin care, hygiene or to regulate menses.
Until the middle of the 20th century, vibrators were mainly made of classic natural materials such as glass or wood. Numerous novel materials were used by the late 20th century, including various types of plastics and latex . Due to the resulting health risks ( allergies , plasticizers ), odors and body hygiene, Fun Factory presented the Dolly Dolphin, the world's first vibrator made of medical silicone, to the public in 1996 . Due to its skin-friendliness, its anti-allergenic properties and odor-neutrality, vibrators with silicone have been used more and more since then as an essential material for covering the devices.
With the social changes of the sexual revolution and emancipation , the use of sex toys and female pleasure in general became freer and the vibrator was brought onto the market in new colors and shapes, specifically also for the needs of women. Vibrators have been developed for special areas of application, for example as underwater devices, or for special parts of the body, such as the supposed G-spot .
variants
In general, a vibrator is a mostly battery-operated sex toy made of plastic or silicone , which, like a dildo , often looks like an erect penis and can be used for sexual stimulation during masturbation or in partner-like lovemaking . Vibrators are primarily for clitoral used stimulation, but can also in the vagina are introduced in men or women anal use or other individually perceived erogenous parts of the body, such as the nipples or testicles stimulate. The vibration generated electrically by a motor, the speed and strength of which can be varied in most models, can cause sexual arousal up to orgasm .
There are countless vibrators in all shapes, colors and sizes on the market. The selection ranges from a simple massage stick to a sophisticated, chip-controlled device that can be programmed for variable vibrations. Today there are also so-called vibration transmitters, very small vibrators that cause the wearer's fingers to vibrate (vibration transmitters are usually referred to with the term Tantra-Beam) and vibrators that are built into butt plugs and other sex toys. With the butt plug, the vibration can also promote relaxation of the sphincter muscle . Vibrators in particular, which are developed by women for women, often have a soft surface, are kept in cheerful colors and no longer correspond in shape to the conventional stick model. For example, they can be placed on the mons of venus (e.g. butterfly vibrators), are visually barely recognizable as vibrators or have an unusual design (examples of this are some vibrators from the US company Good Vibrations or Fun Factory GmbH, their vibrator Delight was awarded the red dot design award 2008). Suitable and technically harmless vibrators, like all other electrotechnical devices, also receive a TÜV seal.
The vibrators commercially available for stimulating the penis differ in shape and structure from the artificial vagina . These usually only encompass and stimulate the area around the glans and, through programmable variable vibrations, are capable of causing sexual arousal up to orgasm.
Built-in technology
For the drive of vibrators typically are DC motors with a nominal voltage of 3 volts is used with batteries or small battery operated. But there are also stronger vibrators with a connection to the mains voltage or those with a transformer and 12 volt low voltage for use in wet rooms.
The vibration is usually caused by an unbalanced oscillating body. The amplitude of the oscillation, i.e. the lateral deflection with which the vibrator vibrates, is dependent on the distance between the axis of rotation and the main axis of inertia of the oscillating body and therefore cannot be changed by the user.
The frequency of the oscillation (i.e. how often the vibrator head oscillates per second, specified in Hertz ) is determined by the motor speed. With increasing frequency, the output swing increases performance . A speed controller regulates the current and thus the motor speed via a resistor .
The Eroscillator from the Swiss company Broxo (inventor of the electric toothbrush) works with an electronic motor concept, which means that the plastic body does not vibrate, only the motor shaft oscillates .
Annoying noises are usually caused by wobbling batteries and can be corrected by wrapping the batteries in dry paper. In the case of standing vibrators (such as the Sybian vibrator), vibrations are also transmitted to the base. Cushions or mats made of recycled rubber granulate, such as those used as underlay mats for washing machines, can be used to isolate the structure-borne noise and avoid resonance vibrations from other materials.
Test reports are circulating on the Internet about the effect, bad smells, levels of plasticizers and the volume of vibrators for men and women and other "love toys" or "sextoys", including from the Öko-Test magazine .
The TÜV certifies erotic articles. It is known to the TÜV that an estimated 80% of the erotic articles are sold illegally. The deficiencies were due to inadequate, difficult to understand or missing technical documentation (operating instructions), missing or falsified CE marking , missing hazard analyzes and manufacturer certificates. GS marks are rarely available.
All sex toys with a motor are subject to German EMC law and the EU directive on electromagnetic compatibility and are subject to CE.
distribution
Studies show a significant spread of vibrators. The Kronen Zeitung reported in 2006, without any sources, of a survey according to which every third Austrian, every fifth German and almost every second Taiwanese and US-American had a vibrator. In 2006, Statista came to the result of an online survey with 13,000 participants over 16 years in Germany that 20% of those questioned would have experience with vibrators as erotic aids.
In 2009, a team of researchers from Indiana University Bloomington presented a study based on a survey of a representative sample of 3800 American women between the ages of 18 and 60 that 52.5% of American women would own (at least) one vibrator.
Scientists from the Eppendorf University Clinic researched that among female students, the proportion of female vibrator users had risen from 11% to 38% within 16 years by 2012.
A study commissioned by Durex in 2016 came to the conclusion that 71% of 25 to 34 year olds use sex toys, of which 62% use vibrators. In July 2017, Statista surveyed 977 women, 59% of whom were known to own sex toys. Of these, 78% said they had (at least) one vibrator.
When Philips announced at IFA Berlin that it would also include vibrators in its product range, the company justified this with surveys, according to which most of those who have not yet used intimate toys would like to do so if there were reputable sources of supply and high-quality devices. Philips estimated the total global market for sex toys at 97 billion dollars.
In 2017, the retail chain dm-drogerie markt began offering vibrators and other sex toys on their shelves. dm followed suit with its competitor Rossmann , who also added vibrators to the range of its stores. In Switzerland, too, according to the SRF , vibrators have shed their “dirty image” and can now be found on the shelves of Coop , Migros and pharmacies.
effect
Vibrators act on mechanoreceptors of the skin , for example Vater-Pacini bodies , in women on those in the tunica adventitia of the vagina , vaginal vestibule and urethra, and in men in the tunica dartos and on Meissner bodies in the glans and clitoris . See also clitoral receptors .
These mechanoreceptors can perceive frequencies from 1 to 1000 Hz .
Vibration massage in the classic skin and muscle massage
In classic massage , vibration techniques are carried out with (" apparatus vibration massage ") and without vibrators. To do this, the masseur or therapist puts on the fingertips or the (flat) hand and moves them in very small movements. A so-called muscle tremor ("the vibration") is generated, the relaxing effect of which extends from the epidermis to the subcutaneous tissue to the muscles to loosen the muscles and relieve spasms. If hot stones are placed on the skin and hit by other stones, these shock waves or vibrations can also penetrate the skin. Similarly, bowls placed on the body and mounted with a bobbin, to be vibrated and transmit the vibrations to the interior of the body. Such vibration massage is also used to stimulate blood circulation and treat irritated nerves.
Vibration massages are also used to treat cellulite . Muscle tension is treated with special vibration devices that tap the skin . Other devices (manufacturers) promise muscle strength training, increased metabolism and thereby "targeted fat burning ".
As a water pressure massage, Heinrich Dreuw introduced vibration massage for body cavities in 1910.
Problem materials and sexual hygiene
The Cologne ECO Environment Institute examined various plastic dildos on behalf of the magazine Stern . After that, the dildos contained significant concentrations of the plasticizer phthalate and solvents such as toluene . The magazine Ökotest comes to a similar conclusion in the 11/2006 issue. Eleven of 22 vibrators tested, dildos with a vibration motor, were rated negative because of phenolic and organotin compounds (e.g. bisphenol A and tributyltin ). Plasticizers are often found in jelly- coated devices . A request by the Greens (Germany) in 2011 about what the government wanted to do about it was "turned off" by the government.
Smooth materials such as glass (including acrylic glass ), aluminum , stainless steel , real silicone and natural materials such as granite , maple wood and natural latex (the exception to this is the latex allergy ) can be classified as harmless if the hygiene recommendations are followed. For other materials, either the compatibility has not yet been tested or they are to be classified as questionable in the long term and with frequent use. Therefore, regular cleaning of the vibrator before and after use and use with a condom is recommended. When using silicone models, no silicone-based lubricants should be used to prevent the surface from roughening or further damage.
In principle, a condom should be used when sex toys are used jointly and / or at the same time, anal and vaginal, in order to prevent infection with sexually transmitted diseases via the dildo or vibrator or to prevent the spread of germs in the interests of sexual hygiene .
Trivia
After the Hitachi Magic Wand vibrator was mentioned in a Sex-and-the-City episode in 2002, the product became known to a wider audience as a sex toy and was sold out in the US shortly thereafter.
literature
- Nadine Beck: Plug + Play. 150 years of vibrator - a jubilee band . Jonas, Ilmtal-Weinstrasse 2019, ISBN 978-3-89445-571-2 .
- Nina E. Lerman, Ruth Oldenziel, Arwen Mohun: Gender and Technology. A reader . Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2003, ISBN 0-8018-7259-6 , pp. 98-122 (English).
- Hallie Lieberman: Buzz. A Stimulating History of the Sex Toy . Pegasus Books, New York 2017, ISBN 978-1-68177-543-2 , pp. 359 (English).
Movie
- In good hands (original title: Hysteria) by Tanya Wexler , Great Britain 2011
Web links
- Raoul Yannik: dildo, vibrator and other household appliances. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of January 24, 2006 (accessed August 28, 2008)
- Bsssssssssssssssss , report on the invention of the vibrator one day ( Spiegel Online ). Retrieved January 12, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stella Marie Hombach: The Sextoy Myth . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 11, 2020. Accessed July 12, 2020.
- ^ Hallie Liebermann, Schatzberg: A Failure of Academic Quality Control: The Technology of Orgasm . In: Journal of Positive Sexuality . 4, No. 2, August 2018, pp. 24–47.
- ^ Nina E. Lerman, Ruth Oldenziel, Arwen Mohun, p. 106
- ↑ Wolfgang König : History of the consumer society . Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 978-3-515-07650-0 , p. 263 ( limited preview ).
- ↑ Masturbation from a philosophical point of view. In: Arte . November 22, 2007, archived from the original on May 29, 2008 ; Retrieved August 28, 2008 .
- ↑ - ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , DeLight: Red Dot Design Award 2008
- ↑ Cordula Schmitz: Vibrator Test: The engine should not run hot. In: Welt online. January 17, 2008, accessed August 28, 2008 .
- ↑ Own presentation on Broxo's website
- ↑ Registered word mark Eroscillator , atwirtschaft.ch
- ↑ 22 vibrators and other sex toys in the test
- ↑ Erotic products in tuv.com
- ↑ Every third person has a vibrator! In: Kronen Zeitung . February 20, 2006, accessed August 28, 2008 .
- ↑ With which erotic aids have you already had experience? In: Statista . 2006.
- ↑ Debra Herbenick, Michael Reece, Stephanie A. Sanders, Brian Dodge, Annahita Ghassemi, James Dennis Fortenberry: Prevalence and characteristics of vibrator use by women in the United States: results from a nationally representative study. In: The Journal of Sexual Medicine . July 2009, pp. 1857-1866. doi: 10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2009.01318.x PMID 19453881
- ↑ Vibrator relaxes sex . In: Focus . July 1, 2009.
- ↑ Arne Dekker, Silja Matthiesen: Student Sexuality in Transition: 1966–1981 - 1996–2012 . In: Journal for Sexual Research . September 2009. pp. 245-271. doi: 10.1055 / s-0035-1553700
- ↑ Rafaela von Bredow , Katrin Elger, Laura Höflinger, Joachim Kronsbein, Kerstin Kullmann, Vivian Pasquet, Hilmar Schmundt, Claudia Voigt: What women want . In: Der Spiegel . 21/2015. P. 104.
- ↑ Sex study: Saxons love it slow, Munich people playful . In: Augsburger Allgemeine . February 21, 2016.
- ↑ Do you own sex toys? In: Statista . August 2017.
- ↑ Which sex toys do you own? In: Statista . August 2017.
- ↑ Philips in the "vibrator business" . In: Focus . September 4, 2009.
- ↑ Catrin Bialek: “You don't have to come from Silicon Valley” In: Handelsblatt . October 27, 2017.
- ↑ At dm there are now cute vibrators and colorful love balls . In: Stern . May 9, 2017.
- ↑ Christine Kewitz: We asked dm why the drugstore chain is now selling vibrators . In: Vice . 15th May 2017.
- ↑ Peter Basler: Vibrators in the test - What women like . In: SRF . December 12, 2017.
- ^ LC Junqueira: Histology. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-21994-2 , p. 649 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ H. Knoche: Histology and Histopathology. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-67537-9 , p. 110 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Frequency perception see: Knut Drewing: Skin senses , lecture script , PDF file ( memento of the original from July 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Vibration: massage technique of classic massage
- ↑ Massage grip: vibration
- ↑ Heinrich Dreuw: water pressure massage (New system of vibration massage for body cavities). In: German Medical Weekly . Volume 36, 1910, pp. 1572-1574.
- ↑ Heinrich Dreuw: The use of water pressure massage in gynecology, odontology, rhinology, otology, neurology, internal medicine, dermatology and urology. In: German Medical Weekly . Volume 37, 1911, pp. 930-933.
- ↑ Stern, issue 31/2001
- ↑ Jürgen Steinert: Test vibrators: Dirt on the stick . In: Ökotest . tape 11 , November 2006, p. 30th ff . ( Online [accessed March 8, 2010]). Online ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Small question from the Green parliamentary group (PDF; 56 kB)
- ↑ Plasticizers in sex toys. Green fight against dangerous dildos , at spiegel.de
