Wilhelm von Gutmann

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Wilhelm Ritter von Gutmann

Wilhelm Isaak Wolf, Ritter von Gutmann (born August 13, 1826 or August 18, 1826 in Leipnik , Moravia ; † May 17, 1895 in Vienna ) was an Austrian entrepreneur . He founded and led the largest coal company in Austria-Hungary , was in 1878 ennobled and was 1891-1892 president of the Jewish Community Vienna (IKG).

Life

Coming from a poor background, Wilhelm Gutmann initially received training as a teacher and was destined to study theology . However, his father's early death forced him to care for his mother and siblings. That is why Wilhelm Gutmann entered the burgeoning coal business in the early 1850s. In 1853 he and his younger brother David founded the Gebrüder Gutmann company by purchasing coal mines in the Ostrauer Revier , which in the following years quickly became a key player in supplying coal to Austria-Hungary. Because of their great economic success, the brothers Wilhelm and David Gutmann were soon also referred to as the "Kohlen-Gutmanns" or the " Krupps " of the Danube Monarchy.

Palais Gutmann in Vienna
Villa Gutmann in Baden near Vienna , where Max Merz and Elizabeth Duncan lived in the last year of the war .
"Gutmann-Villa" in Baden near Vienna (illustration 1886) 
Ida von Gutmann-Wodianer (approx. 1899)

The Gutmann brothers joined forces with Anselm Salomon von Rothschild in 1865 to expand the Witkowitz ironworks located near Mährisch Ostrau . Recognizing the value of human capital very early on , its social benefits were of particular importance for the workers working there, through the creation of apartments, kindergartens, educational institutions and other social institutions as well as a kind of accident and pension insurance.

Part of the successful corporate policy was the cooperation with other large entrepreneurs, such as Josef Miller von Aichholz and the Kuffner family or Alexander von Schoeller . In addition to iron and steel production, coal mining and trading, the Gutmann brothers' company soon also included factories for sugar and alcohol, jute, soda, cellulose and fireclay, a wagon factory in Stauding and a mineral oil factory in Floridsdorf .

In addition, Wilhelm von Gutmann owned the Palais Gutmann in Vienna's I. District at Beethovenplatz 3 , which he had built in the neo-renaissance style from 1869–1871 by the architect Carl Tietz . After he had Alexander Wielemans von Monteforte and Hugo Zimmermann (1849–1924) built a summer villa “based on the forms of the German Renaissance of the Middle Ages” on the property at Helenenstrasse 72 in 1882 in Baden ( Lower Austria ) (client: Ida von Gutmann) Wilhelm von Gutmann then the 10,000 hectare “Herrschaft Jaidhof” ( Gföhl , Lower Austria) in 1884 . This property also included Droß Castle and Jaidhof Castle . He had the latter extensively converted by Max von Ferstel in the following period .

Wilhelm von Gutmann was also very active as a philanthropist . He was with his brother co-founded the Jewish Theological educational institution and promoter of Beth midrash and founder of the Jewish girls orphanage at the Ruthgasse in Vienna's 19th district ( Döbling ). In addition, he also supported other humanitarian and social projects, such as the establishment of a children's department at the polyclinic in Vienna , an old people's home in Krems , foundations in Leipnik and the like. a. For their services, the Gutmann brothers were finally raised to the hereditary knighthood (knight of the Order of the Iron Crown III class) in 1878 .

Wilhelm von Gutman was also a member of the Lower Austrian Parliament and from 1878 to 1884 a member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (with the title of Chamber Council ). He was also the founder of the Industrialists ' Club (forerunner of today's Industrialists' Association ), the Association of Mining, Iron and Machine Industrialists in Austria and the Philanthropic Association of Vienna. In 1891 Wilhelm von Gutmann published his memoirs under the title From My Life .

Wilhelm Ritter von Gutmann was buried on May 19, 1895 in the old Israelite part of the Vienna Central Cemetery (group 5B) in a neo-Gothic mausoleum that was designed by the architect Max Fleischer around 1892/1893 and executed by Eduard Hauser . At the funeral, among others, Rabbi Adolf Schwarz , rector of the Israelite-theological training institute ( rabbi seminar ) opened on October 15, 1893 in Vienna ( Tempelgasse 3), which was founded on the initiative of Wilhelm and David von Gutmann, spoke .

family

Wilhelm Gutmann married Leonore geb. Latzko (1827–1867), from which the children Berthold (1856–1932), Max von Gutmann (1857–1930) and Rosa (1862–1923) emerged. After the early death of his first wife, he married Ida geb. Wodianer (1847–1924), daughter of the printer, publisher and landowner Philipp (Fülöp) Wodianer (1820–1899). Wilhelm von Gutmann had four more children with her: Marianne (* 1871), Moritz or Moriz (1872–1934), Elisabeth called Elsa (1875–1947) and Rudolf (1880–1966).

The daughter Elsa married the ruling Prince Franz I von und zu Liechtenstein (1853-1938) in 1929 and thus became Princess Elsa von und zu Liechtenstein. The older sister Marianne was married to the British Zionist Sir Francis Abraham Montefiore (1860-1935).

literature

  • Marie-Theres Arnbom : Friedmann, Gutmann, Lieben, Mandl and Strakosch. Five family portraits from Vienna before 1938 . Verlag Böhlau, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-205-99373-X .
  • Otto Wolkerstorfer: Waltz bliss and everyday life. Bathing in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Grasl, Baden 1999, ISBN 3-85098-243-2 .
  • Bettina Nezval: Villas from the Imperial Era. Summer residences in Baden. 2nd, expanded edition. Berger, Horn / Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-85028-476-9 .

Lexica entries:

  • Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Czernowitz 1927 (volume 2), p. 566f.
  • Encyclopaedia Judaica . 1st edition. Keter, Jerusalem 1971 (Volume 7), pp. 989f.
  • Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna. Volume 2: De-Gy. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2 , p. 647.
  • Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 485.

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm von Gutmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the tombstone
  2. ^ Architect Hugo Zimmermann † .. In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 26/1924 (XLV. Volume), June 27, 1924, p. 2, center right. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bzt
  3. ^ Nezval: Villas of the Imperial Era , p. 125.
  4. ^ Wilhelm von Gutmann: From my life. (Reprint from the original edition from 1891) Verlag Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1911. ( OBV )
  5. ↑ opening of Israel (itisch) -theol (ogischen) establishment in Vienna . In: Dr. Blochs Österreichische Wochenschrift , ZDB -ID 2177107-8 , Volume 10, 1893, No. 42 (from October 20, 1893), pp. 818–822. ( Full text online )
  6. ^ Wilhelm Ritter von Gutmann †. In:  Oesterreichische Illustrirte Zeitung , year 1895, No. 24/1895, p. 8 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / oiz.
  7. ↑ ( Parte ): Ida v. Gutmann born Wodians. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 21453/1924, June 1, 1924, p. 25 below. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp

Remarks

  1. ↑ Sometimes also called "Villa Ida" by Ida Gutmann. - 10.2 Letter from Baroness Gutmann (…) July 26 [18] 92 (…) . In: Wolkerstorfer: Walzerseligkeit , p. 374.
  2. ↑ Scope of construction in 1882: Villa, two farm buildings, glass house, bowling alley, Salettl , garden house, water basin, moated castle with grotto.
    Architect (and winner of the competition): Alexander von Wielemans ; Builder: Hugo Zimmermann.
    In: Nezval: Villas of the Imperial Era , p. 125.
  3. ↑ According to Hugo Zimmermann, Archduke Wilhelm , who often visited the construction site at Helenstrasse 72 , was encouraged by the "Gutmann Villa" (house name) to build a villa in Helenental . The building (house name after 1894: "Eugen-Villa"), which was completed in the vicinity of Baden Weilburg by order of the Archduke, together with the "Gutmann Villa", according to Zimmermann, formed two pearls of German Renaissance architecture in Helenental . - In: Nezval: Villas of the Imperial Era , p. 94.
  4. ↑ Kantgasse No. 6 was named as the house of mourning in the 1895 obituary . - See: (...) Wilhelm Ritter v. Gutmann (...). In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 11039/1895, May 18, 1895, p. 17, above. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  5. ^ Quote from Hugo Zimmermann. In: Nezval: Villas of the Imperial Era , p. 126.
  6. ↑ Niece of Moritz Wodianer (from 1863: Freiherr Moritz Wodianer von Kapriora; born  November 3, 1810 in Szegedin , †  July 8, 1885 in Baden near Vienna ), whose name appears in a history of Austrian finance alongside Rothschild and the matadors of the European money market will play a big role . - See: Wodianer von Kapriora, Moriz (…) In: Constantin von Wurzbach : Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich , Volume 57/1889, p. 201 f.
    It can be attributed to this uncle and his importance as well as fame (as well as a general social servilism that does not exist on correctness) that in literature and (contemporary) reports one can often read about Baroness Ida Gutmann / Wodianer : Philipp Wodianer, the father, was not raised to the Hungarian nobility until 1898, one year before his death, with the predicate de / von Vásárhely . - See: Daily News. (...) Philipp v. Wodians. In:  Pester Lloyd , No. 18/1899 (XLVI. Volume), January 31, 1899, p. 6, column 2, below. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / maintenance / pel.
personal data
SURNAME Gutmann, Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gutmann, Wilhelm Isaak Wolf Ritter von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1826
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipnik , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH May 17, 1895
Place of death Vienna