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{{Short description|American literary translator}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}

⚫
'''Gregory Rabassa''', [[Order of Merit (Portugal)|ComM]] (March 9, 1922 – June 13, 2016) was an American [[literature|literary]] [[Translation|translator]] from Spanish and Portuguese to English. He taught for many years at [[Columbia University]] and [[Queens College]].<ref name=abcobit>{{Cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/gregory-rabassa-renowned-translator-dead-94-39844639|title=Gregory Rabassa, Renowned Translator, Dead at 94|publisher=ABC News|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref>
{{Infobox academic
| name =
| birth_place = [[Yonkers, New York]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|3|09}}
| death_place = [[Branford, Connecticut]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|06|13|1922|3|09}}
| discipline = [[Spanish literature]]<br>[[Portuguese literature]]
| education = [[Dartmouth College]] (BA)<br>[[Columbia University]] (PhD)
| workplaces = [[Columbia University]]<br>[[Queens College, City University of New York]]
| influenced =
| awards = [[National Medal of Arts]] (2006)<br>[[Gregory Kolovakos Award]] (2001)<br>[[PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation]] (1982)<br>[[PEN Translation Prize]] (1977)<br>[[National Book Award for Translated Literature]] (1967)
⚫
}}'''Gregory Rabassa''', [[Order of Merit (Portugal)|ComM]], (March 9, 1922 – June 13, 2016) was an American [[literature|literary]] [[translation|translator]] from Spanish and Portuguese to English. He taught for many years at [[Columbia University]] and [[Queens College]].<ref name=abcobit>{{Cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/gregory-rabassa-renowned-translator-dead-94-39844639|title=Gregory Rabassa, Renowned Translator, Dead at 94|publisher=ABC News|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref>


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Rabassa was born in [[Yonkers, New York]], to a family headed by a [[Cuba]]n émigré. After serving during [[World War II]] as an [[Office of Strategic Services|OSS]] [[cryptographer]], he received a bachelor's degree from [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]]. He earned his doctorate at [[Columbia University]] and taught there for over two decades before accepting a position at [[Queens College]], [[City University of New York]].<ref name=nytimes>{{cite web|author=Andrew Bast|title=A Translator's Long Journey, Page by Page|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/books/25RABA.html |work= New York Times|date=May 25, 2004}}</ref><ref name=finebooks>{{cite news|author=Lucas Rivera|title=The Translator in His Labyrinth|url=http://www.finebooksmagazine.com/issue/0104/translator.phtml|work=Fine Books Magazine|quote=A profile of Gregory Rabassa, the man who brought ''One Hundred Years of Solitude'', Nobel Prize-winner Gabriel García Márquez' masterpiece, to the English-speaking world.}}</ref><ref name=utdallas>{{cite journal|first= Thomas |last= Hoeksema|title=The Translator's Voice: An Interview with Gregory Rabassa|url=http://translation.utdallas.edu/Interviews/Rabassaby_Hoeksema.html|work=Translation Review|volume=1|date=1978|publisher=Center for Translation Studies, University of Texas at Dallas}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Hector |last=Tobar|title= Listening to Gregory Rabassa, the translator's translator |url=http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-gregory-rabassa-translator-litquake-20131016-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gregory Rabassa|url=http://wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/gregory-rabassa|website=Words without Borders}}</ref>
Rabassa was born in [[Yonkers, New York]], to a family headed by a [[Cuba]]n émigré. After serving during [[World War II]] as an [[Office of Strategic Services|OSS]] [[cryptographer]], he received a bachelor's degree from [[Dartmouth College|Dartmouth]]. He earned his doctorate at [[Columbia University]] and taught there for over two decades before accepting a position at [[Queens College]], [[City University of New York]].<ref name=nytimes>{{cite web|author=Andrew Bast|title=A Translator's Long Journey, Page by Page|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/25/books/25RABA.html |work= New York Times|date=May 25, 2004}}</ref><ref name=finebooks>{{cite news|author=Lucas Rivera|title=The Translator in His Labyrinth|url=http://www.finebooksmagazine.com/issue/0104/translator.phtml|work=Fine Books Magazine|quote=A profile of Gregory Rabassa, the man who brought ''One Hundred Years of Solitude'', Nobel Prize-winner Gabriel García Márquez' masterpiece, to the English-speaking world.}}</ref><ref name=utdallas>{{cite journal|first= Thomas |last= Hoeksema|title=The Translator's Voice: An Interview with Gregory Rabassa|url=https://translation.utdallas.edu/Interviews/Rabassaby_Hoeksema.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308184041/https://translation.utdallas.edu/Interviews/Rabassaby_Hoeksema.html |archive-date=2022-03-08 |journal=Translation Review|volume=1|date=1978|pages= 5–18|publisher=Center for Translation Studies, University of Texas at Dallas|doi= 10.1080/07374836.1978.10523369|s2cid= 170390633}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Hector |last=Tobar|title= Listening to Gregory Rabassa, the translator's translator |url=http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-gregory-rabassa-translator-litquake-20131016-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times |date=October 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gregory Rabassa|url=http://wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/gregory-rabassa|website=Words without Borders}}</ref>


He worked primarily out of [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. He produced [[English-language]] versions of the works of several major Latin American novelists, including [[Julio Cortázar]], [[Jorge Amado]] and [[Gabriel García Márquez]]. On the advice of Cortázar, García Márquez waited three years for Rabassa to schedule translating ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]''. He later declared Rabassa's translation to be superior to the Spanish original.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/>
Rabassa translated literature from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. He produced [[English-language]] versions of the works of several major Latin American novelists, including [[Julio Cortázar]], [[Jorge Amado]] and [[Gabriel García Márquez]]. On the advice of Cortázar, García Márquez waited three years for Rabassa to schedule translating ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]''. He later declared Rabassa's translation to be superior to the Spanish original.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |date=June 15, 2016 |title=Gregory Rabassa, a Premier Translator of Spanish and Portuguese Fiction, Dies at 94 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/books/gregory-rabassa-a-premier-translator-of-spanish-and-portuguese-fiction-dies-at-94.html |access-date=June 20, 2023}}</ref>


He received the [[PEN Translation Prize]] in 1977 and the [[PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation]] in 1982. Rabassa was honored with the [[Gregory Kolovakos Award]] from [[PEN American Center]] for the expansion of Hispanic Literature to an English-language audience in 2001.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/>
He received the [[PEN Translation Prize]] in 1977 and the [[PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation]] in 1982. Rabassa was honored with the [[Gregory Kolovakos Award]] from [[PEN American Center]] for the expansion of Hispanic Literature to an English-language audience in 2001.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/>


Rabassa had a particularly close and productive working relation with Cortázar, with whom he shared lifelong passions for jazz and wordplay. For his version of Cortázar's novel, ''[[Hopscotch (Julio Cortázar novel)|Hopscotch]]'', Rabassa shared the inaugural U.S. [[National Book Award]] in [[List of winners of the National Book Award#Translation|Translation]].<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/><ref name=nba1967>{{cite web| url=
Rabassa had a particularly close and productive working relation with Cortázar, with whom he shared lifelong passions for jazz and wordplay. For his version of Cortázar's novel, ''[[Hopscotch (Julio Cortázar novel)|Hopscotch]]'', Rabassa shared the inaugural U.S. [[National Book Award]] in [[List of winners of the National Book Award#Translation|Translation]].<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/><ref name=nba1967>{{cite web| url=https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1967 |title=National Book Awards – 1967 | publisher=[[National Book Foundation]] | access-date= March 11, 2012}} There was a "Translation" award from 1967 to 1983.</ref>
https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1967 |title=National Book Awards – 1967 | publisher=[[National Book Foundation]] | accessdate= March 11, 2012}} There was a "Translation" award from 1967 to 1983.</ref>


Rabassa taught at [[Queens College]], from which he retired with the title Distinguished Professor Emeritus. In 2006, he was awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]].<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/>
Rabassa taught at [[Queens College]], from which he retired with the title Distinguished Professor Emeritus. In 2006, he was awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]].<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/>


⚫
He wrote a memoir of his experiences as a translator, ''If This Be Treason: Translation and Its Dyscontents, A Memoir'', which was a ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' "Favorite Book of the Year" for 2005 and for which he received the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir in 2006.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/><ref>{{cite web|title=Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir Winners|url=http://pen.org/page.php/prmID/895|publisher=Pen American Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002135053/http://pen.org/page.php/prmID/895|archive-date=October 2, 2006}}</ref>
⚫
Rabassa sometimes translated without having read the book beforehand.<ref name=utdallas/>


== Translation methods ==
⚫
He wrote a memoir of his experiences as a translator, ''If This Be Treason: Translation and Its Dyscontents, A Memoir'', which was a ''Los Angeles Times'' "Favorite Book of the Year" for 2005 and for which he received the [[PEN/Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir]] in 2006.<ref name=nytimes/><ref name=finebooks/><ref name=utdallas/><ref>{{cite web|title=Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir Winners|url=http://pen.org/page.php/prmID/895|publisher=Pen American Center|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002135053/http://pen.org/page.php/prmID/895|archivedate=October 2, 2006}}</ref>
⚫
Rabassa sometimes translated without having read the book beforehand.<ref name="utdallas" />


In a 2006 interview with the [[University of Delaware]], Rabassa said "I just let the text lead me along. In my mind, the book I’m translating exists in English even before it’s translated. I just have to pull it out. I do a first draft, “write” the book as the author him- or herself would have written it if they’d spoken English. Ideally, a different style emerges for each author being translated".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Kevin |date=December 30, 2006 |title=Gregory Rabassa: An Interview |url=http://www1.udel.edu/LAS/Vol7-2Brown.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205024455/http://www1.udel.edu/LAS/Vol7-2Brown.html |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=University of Delaware}}</ref>

== Death ==
Rabassa died on June 13, 2016, at a hospice in [[Branford, Connecticut]].<ref name=abcobit /> He was 94.
Rabassa died on June 13, 2016, at a hospice in [[Branford, Connecticut]].<ref name=abcobit /> He was 94.


==Selected translations==
==Selected translations==

* [[Demetrio Aguilera Malta]]
* [[Demetrio Aguilera Malta]]
** ''[[Seven Serpents and Seven Moons]]'', 1979, ("Siete Lunas Y Siete Serpientes")
** ''Seven Serpents and Seven Moons'', 1979 (''Siete lunas y siete serpientes'')
* [[Juan Benet]]
* [[Juan Benet]]
** ''[[Return to Region]]
** ''Return to Region''
** ''[[A Meditation]]
** ''A Meditation''
* [[Jorge Franco (writer)|Jorge Franco]]
* [[Jorge Franco (writer)|Jorge Franco]]
** ''[[Rosario Tijeras (novel)|Rosario Tijeras]],'' 2004
** ''Rosario Tijeras'', 2004
* [[Julio Cortázar]]
* [[Julio Cortázar]]
** ''[[Rayuela|Hopscotch]],'' 1966 ("Rayuela") —U.S. National Book Award for Translation<ref name=nba1967/>
** ''[[Rayuela|Hopscotch]]'' 1966 (''Rayuela'') —U.S. National Book Award for Translation<ref name=nba1967/>
** ''[[Libro de Manuel|A Manual for Manuel]],'' 1978 ("Libro de Manuel")
** ''[[Libro de Manuel|A Manual for Manuel]]'', 1978 (''Libro de Manuel'')
** ''[[62: A Model Kit]],'' ("62: Modelo para Armar")
** ''[[62: A Model Kit]]'', 1972 (''62: Modelo para armar'')
* [[José Maria de Eça de Queirós]]
* [[José Maria de Eça de Queirós]]
**''[[Saint Christopher (novel)|Saint Christopher]]''
**''[[Saint Christopher (novel)|Saint Christopher]]''
* [[Gabriel García Márquez]]
* [[Gabriel García Márquez]]
**''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]],'' 1970 ("Cien años de soledad")
**''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]'' 1970 (''Cien años de soledad'')
**''[[The Autumn of the Patriarch]],'' 1976 ("El otoño del patriarca"), for which he received the [[Pen Translation Prize]].
**''[[The Autumn of the Patriarch]]'' 1976 (''El otoño del patriarca''), for which he received the [[Pen Translation Prize]].
**''[[Chronicle of a Death Foretold]],'' 1982 ("Crónica de una muerte anunciada")
**''[[Chronicle of a Death Foretold]]'' 1982 (''Crónica de una muerte anunciada'')
**''[[Leaf Storm]]'' ("La hojarasca")
**''[[Leaf Storm]]'' (''La hojarasca'')
*[[Clarice Lispector]]
*[[Clarice Lispector]]
**''[[Clarice Lispector#The Apple in the Dark|The Apple in the Dark]],'' 1967 ("A maçã no escuro," 1961)
**''[[Clarice Lispector#The Apple in the Dark|The Apple in the Dark]]'' 1967 (''A maçã no escuro'', 1961)
*[[Luis Rafael Sánchez]]
*[[Luis Rafael Sánchez]]
**''[[Macho Camacho's Beat]],'' 1983 ("La guaracha del Macho Camacho")
**''[[Macho Camacho's Beat]]'' 1983 (''La guaracha del Macho Camacho'')
*[[José Lezama Lima]]
*[[José Lezama Lima]]
**''[[Paradiso (1966 novel)|Paradiso]]'' ("Paradiso")
**''[[Paradiso (1966 novel)|Paradiso]]'' (''Paradiso'')
*[[Mario Vargas Llosa]]
*[[Mario Vargas Llosa]]
**''[[Conversation in the Cathedral]]'' ("Conversación en La Catedral")
**''[[Conversation in the Cathedral]]'' (''Conversación en la Catedral'')
** ''[[The Green House]]'' (''La Casa Verde'')
*[[Machado de Assis]]
*[[Machado de Assis]]
**''[[Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas|Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas]]'' ("Memórias Póstumas de Bras Cubas")
**''[[Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas|Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas]]'' (''Memórias Póstumas de Bras Cubas'')
**''[[Quincas Borba]]'' ("Quincas Borba")
**''[[Quincas Borba]]'' (''Quincas Borba'')
*[[António Lobo Antunes]]
*[[António Lobo Antunes]]
**''[[Fado Alexandrino]]'' ("Fado Alexandrino")
**''[[Fado Alexandrino]]'' (''Fado Alexandrino'')
**''[[The Return of the Caravels]]'' ("As Naus")
**''[[The Return of the Caravels]]'' (''As Naus'')
*[[Osman Lins]]
*[[Osman Lins]]
**''[[Avalovara]]'' ("Avalovara")
**''[[Avalovara]]'' (''Avalovara'')
*[[Manuel Mujica Lainez]]
**[[Bomarzo (novel)|''Bomarzo'']]
*[[Jorge Amado]]
*[[Jorge Amado]]
**''[[Captains of the Sands]]'' ("Capitães da Areia")
**''[[Captains of the Sands]]'' (''Capitães da Areia'')
*[[Ana Teresa Torres]]
**''Dona Ines vs. Oblivion'' (''Doña Inés contra el olvido'')


==Honours==
==Honours==
*[[File:POR Ordem do Merito Comendador BAR.svg|80px]] Commander of the [[Order of Merit (Portugal)|Order of Merit]], [[Portugal]] (12 November 2011)<ref name="OrdHonPor">{{cite web|title=Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas|url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154|website=Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas|accessdate=29 January 2017}}</ref>
*[[File:POR Ordem do Merito Comendador BAR.svg|80px]] Commander of the [[Order of Merit (Portugal)|Order of Merit]], [[Portugal]] (12 November 2011)<ref name="OrdHonPor">{{cite web|title=Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas|url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154|website=Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas|access-date=29 January 2017}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://pen.org/book/conversation-gregory-rabassa-edith-grossman-and-michael-f-moore PEN audio interview with Gregory Rabassa, Edith Grossman and Michael F. Moore]].
*[https://pen.org/book/conversation-gregory-rabassa-edith-grossman-and-michael-f-moore PEN audio interview with Gregory Rabassa, Edith Grossman and Michael F. Moore].


{{National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s}}
{{National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s}}
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[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:American translators]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:People of the Office of Strategic Services]]
[[Category:People of the Office of Strategic Services]]
[[Category:Guggenheim Fellows]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:National Book Award winners]]
[[Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients]]
[[Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]
[[Category:20th-century American translators]]
[[Category:21st-century translators]]
[[Category:21st-century American translators]]
[[Category:American people of Cuban descent]]
[[Category:American people of Cuban descent]]
[[Category:People from Yonkers, New York]]
[[Category:People from Yonkers, New York]]
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[[Category:Portuguese–English translators]]
[[Category:Portuguese–English translators]]
[[Category:Spanish–English translators]]
[[Category:Spanish–English translators]]
[[Category:Translators of Julio Cortázar]]
[[Category:Translators of Clarice Lispector]]
[[Category:Translators of Gabriel García Márquez]]
[[Category:Translators of Mario Vargas Llosa]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War II]]

Latest revision as of 09:14, 21 March 2024

Gregory Rabassa
Born(1922-03-09)March 9, 1922
Yonkers, New York
DiedJune 13, 2016(2016-06-13) (aged 94)
Branford, Connecticut
AwardsNational Medal of Arts (2006)
Gregory Kolovakos Award (2001)
PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation (1982)
PEN Translation Prize (1977)
National Book Award for Translated Literature (1967)
Academic background
EducationDartmouth College (BA)
Columbia University (PhD)
Academic work
DisciplineSpanish literature
Portuguese literature
InstitutionsColumbia University
Queens College, City University of New York

Gregory Rabassa, ComM, (March 9, 1922 – June 13, 2016) was an American literary translator from Spanish and Portuguese to English. He taught for many years at Columbia University and Queens College.[1]

Life and career[edit]

Rabassa was born in Yonkers, New York, to a family headed by a Cuban émigré. After serving during World War II as an OSS cryptographer, he received a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth. He earned his doctorate at Columbia University and taught there for over two decades before accepting a position at Queens College, City University of New York.[2][3][4][5][6]

Rabassa translated literature from Spanish and Portuguese. He produced English-language versions of the works of several major Latin American novelists, including Julio Cortázar, Jorge Amado and Gabriel García Márquez. On the advice of Cortázar, García Márquez waited three years for Rabassa to schedule translating One Hundred Years of Solitude. He later declared Rabassa's translation to be superior to the Spanish original.[7]

He received the PEN Translation Prize in 1977 and the PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation in 1982. Rabassa was honored with the Gregory Kolovakos Award from PEN American Center for the expansion of Hispanic Literature to an English-language audience in 2001.[2][3][4]

Rabassa had a particularly close and productive working relation with Cortázar, with whom he shared lifelong passions for jazz and wordplay. For his version of Cortázar's novel, Hopscotch, Rabassa shared the inaugural U.S. National Book Award in Translation.[2][3][4][8]

Rabassa taught at Queens College, from which he retired with the title Distinguished Professor Emeritus. In 2006, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[2][3][4]

He wrote a memoir of his experiences as a translator, If This Be Treason: Translation and Its Dyscontents, A Memoir, which was a Los Angeles Times "Favorite Book of the Year" for 2005 and for which he received the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir in 2006.[2][3][4][9]

Translation methods[edit]

Rabassa sometimes translated without having read the book beforehand.[4]

In a 2006 interview with the University of Delaware, Rabassa said "I just let the text lead me along. In my mind, the book I’m translating exists in English even before it’s translated. I just have to pull it out. I do a first draft, “write” the book as the author him- or herself would have written it if they’d spoken English. Ideally, a different style emerges for each author being translated".[10]

Death[edit]

Rabassa died on June 13, 2016, at a hospice in Branford, Connecticut.[1] He was 94.

Selected translations[edit]

Honours[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Gregory Rabassa, Renowned Translator, Dead at 94". ABC News. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e Andrew Bast (May 25, 2004). "A Translator's Long Journey, Page by Page". New York Times.
  3. ^ a b c d e Lucas Rivera. "The Translator in His Labyrinth". Fine Books Magazine. A profile of Gregory Rabassa, the man who brought One Hundred Years of Solitude, Nobel Prize-winner Gabriel García Márquez' masterpiece, to the English-speaking world.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Hoeksema, Thomas (1978). "The Translator's Voice: An Interview with Gregory Rabassa". Translation Review. 1. Center for Translation Studies, University of Texas at Dallas: 5–18. doi:10.1080/07374836.1978.10523369. S2CID 170390633. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022.
  5. ^ Tobar, Hector (October 17, 2013). "Listening to Gregory Rabassa, the translator's translator". Los Angeles Times.
  6. ^ "Gregory Rabassa". Words without Borders.
  7. ^ Fox, Margalit (June 15, 2016). "Gregory Rabassa, a Premier Translator of Spanish and Portuguese Fiction, Dies at 94". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  8. ^ a b "National Book Awards – 1967". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 11, 2012. There was a "Translation" award from 1967 to 1983.
  9. ^ "Martha Albrand Award for the Art of the Memoir Winners". Pen American Center. Archived from the original on October 2, 2006.
  10. ^ Brown, Kevin (December 30, 2006). "Gregory Rabassa: An Interview". University of Delaware. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
  11. ^ "Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. Retrieved January 29, 2017.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Rabassa&oldid=1214809635"