Żydowo (Polanów)

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Żydowo
No coat of arms
Żydowo (Poland)
Żydowo
Żydowo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Koszalin
Gmina : Polanów
Geographic location : 54 ° 2 '  N , 16 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 2 '0 "  N , 16 ° 43' 0"  E
Residents : 1000
Postal code : 76-012
Telephone code : (+48) 94
License plate : ZKO
Economy and Transport
Street : Provincial road 205 : Darłowo - Sławno - Bobolice
Rail route : State railway line 405: Pila - Miastko - Słupsk - Ustka
railway station: Miastko
Next international airport : Danzig



Żydowo (German Sydow ) is a Polish Schulzendorf in the rural municipality Polanów in the Powiat Koszaliński of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

geography

The place is located in the extreme east of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, on the northern slope of the Steinberger terminal moraine and on the northeastern edge of the Pomeranian Lake District between the Nieder- and Kamiensee (Jezioro Żydowskie, J. Kamień). Large areas of forest spread around the place. The traffic is carried out on the voivodship road 205 ( Sławno (Schlawe) - Bobolice (Bublitz) ), which ends at Bobolice in the national road 11 ( Koszalin (Köslin) - Posen ). The community center Polanów (Pollnow) is twelve kilometers away.

pumped storage power plant

The difference in altitude of 80 meters between the two lakes has been used since 1971 to generate electricity by means of a pumped storage power plant with an output of 156 MW . There were already plans for this in German times since 1932.

history

Sydow northwest of the city of Rummelsburg and south of the city of Pollnow on a map from 1910.

historical development

Nothing is known about the establishment of the place. What is certain is that the Schlawer Land, to which the place later belonged, was a Pomeranian duchy until 1238. The Swenzones ruled there from 1257 to 1347 and founded numerous cities during this period. This included today's community center, which was founded in 1312 as Pollnow. It can therefore be assumed that today's Żydowo was also created in the first half of the 14th century under the name Sidow, later Sydow.

In 1321 the Sydow area became the property of the Cistercian Pelpin Monastery, which was later subordinated to Buckow Monastery . From 1353 onwards it belonged to the table goods of the Camminer bishops, and in 1436 it was sold to the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw IX together with Pollnow . pledged before it came under the rule of the Pomeranian dukes around 1460 at the time of Erich II . Over the following centuries, Sydow was given as a fief to the von Lettow , von Münchow and von Woedtke families . When the Teutonic Order had to surrender territories to Poland as a result of the Second Thorner Peace of 1466 , Sydow got into the border area with Poland by 1772.

Since the 17th century the village had its own church, which was built as a half-timbered building. After the Pomeranian dukes ( Bogislaw XIV. † 1637) died out and the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Brandenburg took over the state rule, which from 1701 passed into the Prussian royal circle . In the course of the Prussian administrative reform of 1815, Sydow was incorporated into the Schlawe district.

In 1898 the place was connected to the Schlawe - Pollnow - Sydow narrow-gauge railway. The main occupation of the inhabitants was agriculture, and Sydow made a name for itself as a village of scythe smiths, of which there were at times seven. Until 1908, two estates belonged to Sydow, A and B. While estate B was sold in 1908 to the Pommersche Ansiedlungsgesellschaft, which parceled it into settlement plots, estate A operated seed cultivation of early potatoes. In 1910 the number of inhabitants was 1,529. After declining by around 100 after the First World War , the population rose again to 1,815 by 1939. In 1932 the first plans for a pumped storage plant to generate electricity were drawn up at Sydow, but they were not implemented until 1971. In February 1945, Sydow was overrun by the Soviet front. In the same year the place was placed under Polish administration.

District of Sydow

Before 1945, Sydow formed its own district, which also included the community of Gutzmin (Chocimino). The joint registry office was also in Sydow, while both places were assigned to the district court district of Pollnow (Polanów). Sydow belonged to the district of Schlawe i. Pom. in the administrative district of Köslin in the Prussian province of Pomerania .

Local breakdown (until 1945)

Before 1945, a total of 30 localities were integrated into the municipality of Sydow:

  • Althütte (Polish name: Kopaniec)
  • Alt Kleehof (Stare Wiatrowo)
  • Bear Camp (Głusza)
  • Eichberg (Krzewiec)
  • Elsenthal (Pyszki)
  • Ferdinandshof (Gostomki)
  • Globnitz (Głobnica)
  • Gross Espenberg (Osiczno)
  • Great Linden (Lipy)
  • Grünheide (Kierzkowo)
  • Kaminhof (Kamień)
  • Klein Espenberg (Osiczno)
  • Little Linden (Lipki)
  • Lüdtkenkamp (Kępiec)
  • Luisenhof (Małomierz)
  • Neuhof (Samostrzel)
  • New Kleehof (Nowe Wiatrowo)
  • Neumühlenkamp (Kępiny)
  • New Care (Zapłotki)
  • Pagelsland (Bagnica)
  • Pentecost Mountain (Czyżewo)
  • Raderang (Grabowiec)
  • Ratzlaffenkamp (Racław)
  • Castle courtyard (Ląkie)
  • Schoningshof (Zagaje)
  • Seehof (Olszynka)
  • Seekathen (Piaskowo)
  • Twelberg (Chróstowo)
  • Vorhütte (Pieczyska)
  • Wilkenhof (Gostkowo)

Church (until 1945)

The church in Żydowo from 1794 in 2007

Parish

Before 1945 the population of Sydow was predominantly Protestant . Sydow formed its own parish , in which the place Breitenberg (Gołogóra) and the branch church Gutzmin (Chocimino) was integrated. The parish Sydow, the 1940 total counted 2,135 church members belonged to 1713 to Kirchenkreis Rügenwalde like all villages, a monastery village before the Reformation Abbey Buckow were. Because of the long distance to Rügenwalde, the community managed to become part of the Bublitz ( Bobolice ) parish , which until 1945 belonged to the Church of the Old Prussian Union .

Pastor

  1. Martin Grüneberg, since 1571
  2. Georg Dumke, since 1580
  3. Paul Raske, since 1601
  4. Georg Zuper, since 1629
  5. Nikolaus Froböse (Frobesius), until 1667
  6. Paul Bolduan, 1667-1694
  7. Laurentius Georg Stocks, 1695–1744
  8. Christian Heinrich Gottschalk, 1746–1754
  9. Johann Friedrich Moritz, 1754–1791
  10. Georg Krüger, 1792–1820
  11. Christian Gottlieb Enghardt, 1821–1932
  1. Christian Gottfried Müller, 1834–1847
  2. Otto Ferdinand Hartmann, 1849-1856
  3. Christian Friedrich Tietz, 1857–1871
  4. Otto Friedrich Jobst, 1872–1883
  5. Otto Heinrich Stapelfeld, 1885–1886
  6. Gottfried Epiphanias Lüdeke, 1886–1899
  7. Siegfried Berthold Johannes Samuel Jobst, 1900–1907
  8. Heinrich Krockow, 1907–1926
  9. Karl (Gustav) Kirste, 1926–1935
  10. Peter Bultmann, 1935–1945

Church records

The parish registers of the parish of Sydow had been kept since 1667 and were stored in the rectory until 1945. The baptismal registers (1874–1900), the marriage registers (1875–1934) and the burial registers (1875–1935) survived the war and are now in the Catholic parish in Polanów.

Church (after 1945)

Church building

After the city administration was taken over by the Polish authorities, the Protestant parish church was transferred to the Catholic Church . In 2011/2012 the church was completely renovated. The exterior of the building was not changed. In the absence of historical templates, the interior was redesigned. Older items still present were included. Of the three grave slabs that were uncovered in the center aisle of the church during the renovation in 2011, two were saved: that of Pastor Laurentius Georg Stoecke and that of Friedrich von Podewils from the 17th century. The third one, by Christian Ewald von Woedtke, broke and is in the museum in Koszalin, but it can still be restored. The installation of the coats of arms of the former Sydower patronage families in one of the church windows in the choir is in planning.

Parish

Since June 13, 1959 there is a - now Catholic - parish, to which 2295 parishioners belong in 19 localities. In addition to the parish church in owydowo, there are two branch churches in Chocimino ( Gutzmin ) and Drzewiany ( Drawehn ) and a chapel in Gołogóra ( Breitenberg ). The Parafia Żydowo belongs to the Deanery Polanów in the Diocese of Köslin-Kolberg .

The few Protestant residents of Polanów are looked after by the Koszalin ( Köslin ) parish in the Pomeranian-Greater Poland diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Pastor

Since the establishment of a Catholic parish in Żydowo, clergymen have been:

  • Bronisław Kozłowski, 1959–1972
  • Jan Szałach, 1972–1978
  • Stanisław Jania, 1978–1983
  • Stanisław Olejarz, 1983–1986
  • Edward Skwira, 1986-1989
  • Wiesław Koc, 1989–2009
  • Jan Stankiewicz, 2009-2010
  • Witold Kaczmarczyk, 2010–2014
  • Tomasz Rembelski, since August 1, 2014

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Georg Eggert von Woedtke (1698–1756), Prussian major general and holder of the order Pour le Mérite
  • Oldwig Jancke (1901–1960), German biologist and director of the teaching and research institute for fruit growing and viticulture in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse
  • Kurt Diedrich (1905–1982), German schoolboy and non-fiction author

literature

  • The Schlawe district. A Pomeranian Heimatbuch , ed. by Manfred Vollack, 2 volumes, Husum, 1988/89.
  • Ernst Müller, The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , Part 2: The Köslin District , Stettin, 1912.

Individual evidence

  1. German-language website of ENERGA ELEKTROWNIE Słupsk Sp. Z oo on this power plant  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.enwod.slupsk.pl  
  2. Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 892-893 .
  3. Jürgen Lux, Not only the church is renovated. Historical and current news from Sydow, Schlawe district , in: Die Pommersche Zeitung, episode 37/12 - September 15, 2012, page 8
  4. ^ Parish Żydowo near Diecezja Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeska

Web links

Commons : Żydowo  - collection of images, videos and audio files