12 Hoof Villages

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Six of the nine 12-Hufen villages are lined up along the Havel , sunset at Groß Kreutz

The so-called 12-hooves villages are a group of Havelland and zauchischen villages. They received a very similar structure during the state expansion of the Mark Brandenburg in the High Middle Ages .

geography

The 12 Hufen villages include 9 villages , 8 in Havelland and 1 in Zauche . The latter is Schmölln (now part of Brandenburg an der Havel ). It is just south of the Havel . The river separates the two Brandenburg landscapes .

The medieval 12-hoofed villages
12-hoof village location today too Small landscape clinging place
Klein Weseram Probably field site The old village , 1.5 km south of (Groß) Weseram Roskov Potsdam-Brandenburger Havel - lowland Great Weseram
Leest (falcon deer) probably on the Kirchenwerder , a hill west of the Wublitz Ketzin / Havel Nauen plate Falkenrehde or West-Leest (see Ein Kietz in Falkenrehde? )
Lietzen on the village of Lietzen , south of the Rollberge, southwest of Stechow Stechow-Ferchesar Ländchen Nennhausen Field Lietzen
Lotz probably Lötzbruch , north of Gutenpaaren and hedgehogs Pfuhl Ketzin / Havel, Nauen , Päwesin Potsdam-Brandenburg Havel valley -
New Lochow Foremost village point , southwest of the Kornhorstbrücke, east of today's Lochow Stechow-Ferchesar Ländchen Nennhausen Old Lochow
Schmoelln so-called Schlossberg in the corner of Sandfurthgraben and Plane , north of Wilhelmsdorf Brandenburg on the Havel Potsdam-Brandenburg Havel valley -
Tieckow slightly not far from today's location Havelsee Lower Havel valley Presence of two villages ( Slavic and German) not proven beyond doubt
Wendemark (Ketzin) - Ketzin / Havel Potsdam-Brandenburg Havel valley Heretic
Wolsier on the edge of the lowland on the Wörde , south of today's Wolsier Havelaue Country Rhinow -

history

Wolsier (district of Havelaue ) was the northernmost of the 12 Hufen villages. Today's village, the Wolsier village church, was built about 600 m from him before 1510.

All 12 Hufen villages looked back on Elbe Slavic settlements. During the German East Settlement , it was converted into Hufendörfer . As the name suggests, they received a field corridor measuring 12  hooves . The pastor ( Wedemhof ) and the church had no part in this at the beginning. Later all the towns fell desolate, at least for a time . For the entire Havelland (and the immediately adjacent part of the Zauche ) there was no other larger group of settlements with this degree of commonality. The historian Cornelius C. Goeters offered no answer as to why . But the dividing line was sharply drawn. Nieder Neuendorf already fell out. The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg from 1375 lists it as 12, but the other scripts have 13 hooves.

In all matches, the 9 villages also showed  differences, for example with the landlords around 1375 or the time of the fall of the desert.

  • Klein Weseram was awarded to Zabel Becker in 1337. This middle-class family may still own it in 1375. In contrast to Groß Weseram, Klein was absent from the Landbuch. In lap cadastre of 1450 appeared Both small and large with 12 to 25 feet. In that of 1624 there was only one Weseram with 37 hooves.

  • Lietzen (now part of Stechow-Ferchesar ) held Deren von Stechow as an afterfief from Deren von Mansfeld , this in turn as a fief from the margrave. In 1375 there were apparently only full farms . The land book explicitly pointed out the lack of kossati . The German village adjoining the Slavic settlement was already desolate. Hennig von Stechow cultivated the Lietzen field from the village of the same name. Later mentions (1442, 1571) related undifferentiated to a desert field of Lietzen. Accordingly, the Slavic district was also in Stechow. The field names Lietzenort and Lietzen-Berg refer to the division of the village into two parts .

  • So far (as of 1994) Lötz could not be precisely localized. The names of the fields indicated a division of the field between Päwesin , Wachow and Gutenpaaren . The three localities were each subject to a different mansion. In the 13th century, the documentary mentions of the village of Lötz ended. It must have fallen desperately in this century.

  • In Neu Lochow (now part of Stechow-Ferchesar) around 1375, the citizen Wenemer or the knights of Lindow may have ruled the manors . Gerd Heinrich did not distinguish between new and old Lochow. According to archaeological finds, the latter was abandoned around 1200. Accordingly, the land book described the 26 Hufen village as completely desolate. This categorization probably also applied to Neu Lochow, as no further information was given apart from the equipment with 12 hooves. The 13th / 14th Century in question. Documents from 1441 and 1445 noted that Lochow was deserted and probably referred to Neu Lochow.
There were numerous Elbe Slavic settlements around Ketzin . The spot itself was created in Ascan times . A Ketzin ferry was already mentioned in the land register of Emperor Charles IV from 1375.

  • The Wendemark (Ketzin) belonged together with the patch Ketzin to the territory of the bishopric of Brandenburg. It was under the rule of the respective bishop . The place name has not been passed down, a reference to the fact that the village died before the first written records. The land book used the description " Sunt ibi adhuc alii 12 mansi, qui dicuntur slavici, quorum plebanus haben 1; ... " - There are also other 12 hooves, which are called Slavic , of which the pastor has 1. The field corridor was in the neighboring village been involved. The Land cleric did not receive the parish hooves as an original donation , but bought them in 1307. In Ketzin himself he farmed 3 hooves. The field name Wendemark first appeared in 1551.

Most of the fields were added to the neighboring towns. Lochow and Wolsier were newly created offset by several 100 meters. Only Tiekow was rebuilt in almost the same place. Only in this village lived the Landbuch of the Mark Brandenburg after Kossaeten, and with 2 relatively few. The next clue to this rural sub- layer was present for small Weseram from the year 1450th

literature

The Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg , a source (s) of knowledge about the history of the Brandenburg region , title page of the edition by Johannes Schultze
  • Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitized in Potsdam University Library ).
  • Lieselott Enders (adaptation): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.] Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part III; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 11). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972.
  • Peter P. Rohrlach (adaptation): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Zauch-Belzig. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck (Hrsg.): Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part V; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 14). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1977.
  • Wolfgang Ribbe (Hrsg.): The Havelland in the Middle Ages. Investigations into the structural history of an East Elbe landscape in Slavic and German times . Dedicated to Wolfgang H. Fritze on the occasion of his 70th birthday (= Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin (Hrsg.): Berlin historical studies . Volume 13; Germania Slavica . Volume V). Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 .
  • Günter Mangelsdorf : The devastation of the Havelland. A contribution to the historical-archaeological desert studies of the Mark Brandenburg (=  publications of the Historical Commission of Berlin . Volume 86 ). Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 .
  • Sebastian children, Haik Thomas Porada on behalf of Leibniz Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. A geographical inventory in the area of ​​Brandenburg an der Havel, Pritzerbe, Reckahn and Wusterwitz (=  Landscapes in Germany. Values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 69 ). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
  • Gerd W. Lutze (author), Lars Albrecht, Joachim Kiesel, Martin Trippmacher (landscape visualization): Natural spaces and landscapes in Brandenburg and Berlin. Structure, genesis and use . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95410-030-9 .
  • Gerd Heinrich : Brandenburg culture atlas. Historical maps. Overview of the history of the Mark . 4th, revised edition. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-930388-63-9 , Ownership of Havelland in the 14th century, p. 12-13 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Cornelius C. Goeters: The Havelland in the Middle Ages . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 , forms of rural settlement in Havelland. Settlements with corridor-like corridors, p. 275–282 , 12-Hufen-Dörfer: pp. 277–278 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Cornelius C. Goeters: The Havelland in the Middle Ages . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 , forms of rural settlement in Havelland. Settlements with corridor-like corridors. Footnote 64, p. 277-278 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Gerd Heinrich: Brandenburg culture atlas . 4th edition. Hendrik Bäßler Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-930388-63-9 , Ownership of Havelland in the 14th century, p. 12-13 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Ernst Badstübner , Sebastian children, Günter Mangelsdorf , Joachim Marcinek , Sophie Wauer, Lutz Zaumseil: Brandenburg an der Havel and the surrounding area . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 , individual representations. D2 Wilhelmsdorf, since 1937 in Brandenburg an der Havel, p. 303-304 .
  5. ^ Lars Albrecht, Joachim Kiesel, Gerd W. Lutze, Martin Trippmacher: Natural spaces and landscapes in Brandenburg and Berlin . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95410-030-9 , Mittelbrandenburgische Platten and Niederungen. Breakdown. Beelitz-Michendorfer Platte (Zauche) and Glindower Platte, p. 66–67 (see also maps on pp. 60, 63).
  6. ^ Rosemarie Baudisch: Brandenburg history . Ed .: Ingo Materna , Wolfgang Ribbe . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , Geographical basics and historical-political structure of Brandenburg. Landscapes, p. 22–32 , Havelland: pp. 26–27; Zauche: pp. 23–24 .
  7. ^ Lars Albrecht, Joachim Kiesel, Gerd W. Lutze, Martin Trippmacher: Natural spaces and landscapes in Brandenburg and Berlin . Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95410-030-9 , Havel and Luchland, p. 71–82 , especially map morphology and landscape structure in the Havel and Luchland : p. 76 .
  8. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert, S. 25-157 .
  9. ↑ Lieselott Enders: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, Wolsier sw Rhinow, p. 423-424 .
  10. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 150. Klein Weseram, p. 148-149 .
  11. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Bona episcopi Brandenburgensis. Weseram, S. 189 .
  12. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Leyst, S. 167 .
  13. ↑ Winfried Schich : The Havelland in the Middle Ages . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 , The relationship between the early medieval Slavic and the high medieval settlements in Havelland. The relationship between Slavic and high medieval settlements. General questions of settlement continuity, p. 205–216 , Falkenrehde: pp. 208–209 .
  14. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 88. Leest, p. 92-93 .
  15. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Lytzen, S. 184 .
  16. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , second part. Investigations into the desertification process. The archaeological finds. Lietzen, S. 207 .
  17. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 88. Lietzen, p. 95 .
  18. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 92. Lötz, p. 99-100 .
  19. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , second part. Investigations into the desertification process. The archaeological finds. Alt Lochow, S. 200 .
  20. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Lochow, S. 185 .
  21. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 90. Neu Lochow, p. 97-98 .
  22. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Smellen, S. 184 .
  23. ^ Dietrich Kurz : The dioceses of the Holy Roman Empire. From its beginnings to secularization . Ed .: Erwin Gatz with the participation of Clemens Brodkorb and Helmut Flachenecker . Herder publishing house, Freiburg im Breisgau 2003, ISBN 3-451-28075-2 , Diocese of Brandenburg. 2. Reconstruction in the 12th and 13th centuries, p. 102–106 , territorial areas: p. 105 .
  24. ↑ a b Dietrich kurz : ways into the sky city. Bishop - Faith - Dominion. 800-1550 . Ed .: Clemens Bergstedt, Heinz-Dieter Heimann (=  publications of the Museum for Brandenburg Church and Cultural History of the Middle Ages . Volume 2 ). 1st edition. Lukas Verlag for art and intellectual history, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-936872-40-6 , The worldly power of the Brandenburg bishops. Your relationship to the empire and the sovereignty of the Brandenburg margraves, p. 145–160 , Burgward Pritzerbe: pp. 146, 148; Map of the diocese and bishopric of Brandenburg in the 15th century : p. 149 .
  25. ^ Matthias Helle, Günter Mangelsdorf , Joachim Marcinek , Hans-Jürgen Rach, Marlies Schulz, Sophie Wauer, Lutz Zaumseil: Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 , A6 Tieckow, since 2002 on the city of Havelsee, Potsdam-Mittelmark district, p. 102-104 .
  26. ↑ a b Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Bona episcopi Brandenburgensis. Tykow, S. 192 .
  27. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 134. Tieckow, p. 138-139 .
  28. ^ Heidemarie Anderlik: The Havelland in the Middle Ages . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 , Origin and early development of the small towns in Havelland, p. 383-402 , here pp. 386-387 .
  29. ↑ a b Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice). Bona episcopi Brandenburgensis. Cotzyn, S. 187 .
  30. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 141. Wendemark (Ketzin), p. 143-144 .
  31. ↑ Cornelius C. Goeters: The Havelland in the Middle Ages . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 , forms of rural settlement in Havelland. Settlements with corridor-like corridors. Footnote 63, p. 277 .
  32. ↑ Johannes Schultze : The Mark Brandenburg. Second volume. The Margraviate of Brandenburg under the rule of the Wittelsbachers and Luxembourgers (1319–1415) . In: The Mark Brandenburg . 4th edition. 5 volumes. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-428-13480-9 , II. The mark under the Luxembourg house. 1. Emperor Charles IV (1373-1378), p. 161–175 , Ländchen Rhinow: p. 171 .
  33. ^ Günter Mangelsdorf: The local devastation of the Havelland . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014086-1 , first part. Directory of the desert. The desert. 154. Wolsier, p. 152-153 .
  34. ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, (Obule et Merice), p. 161-197 , Leest (Falkenrehde) p. 167; Schmölln (Brandenburg an der Havel) p. 184; Lietzen (Stechow-Ferchesar) p. 184; New and Old Lochow p. 185; Ketzin p. 187; Groß Weseram p. 189; Tieckow p. 192 .
  35. ↑ Felix Escher : The Havelland in the Middle Ages . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-06236-1 , The rural social structure of the Havelland with special consideration of the Slavic population. Village structure and individual social groups according to the land book of Emperor Charles IV from 1375, p. 314–336 , Kossaten: pp. 333–336 .
  36. ↑ Lieselott Endes: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Havelland . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, historical local dictionary. Part III: Havelland, p. 1–439 , Kossät (en): p. 173 Ketzin: 1553; P. 416 Klein Weseram: 1450; 208 Leest: 1571; P. 212 Lietzen: never; P. 221 Lochow: 1772; P. 222 Lötz never; P. 383 Tieckow: 1375; P. 423 Wolsier: 1708 .
  37. ↑ Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Zauch-Belzig . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1977, Schmöllen sw Brandenburg, p. 401–402 , Kossät (en): p. 401: never .