AMD Phenom
| << AMD Phenom >> | |
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 Phenom logo |
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| Production: | 2007 to 2009 |
| Producers: | |
| Processor clock: | 1.8 GHz to 2.6 GHz |
| HT cycle: | 1.6 GHz to 2.0 GHz |
| Instruction set : | x86 / AMD64 |
| Microarchitecture : | K10 / AMD64 |
| Base: | |
Names of the processor cores:
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The AMD Phenom from AMD is a multi-core processor for desktop computers and a representative of the K10 generation . The first models have been available since November 19, 2007. With the introduction of the new brand name Phenom, AMD responded to the popularity of the Intel Core 2 , with which the Phenom processors are competing. The name Phenom succeeds the brand name Athlon and replaces it in the upper market segments.
history
Since the introduction of the AMD Athlon 64 in September 2003, the NetBurst processors from the competitor Intel ( Pentium 4 / Pentium D ) had a bad reputation, especially because of their relatively high power dissipation. As a result, Intel no longer called new processors on other architectures Pentium, but instead called Core since the end of 2005 . In particular, the processors based on the core micro- architecture ( Intel Core 2 ), which were presented in summer 2006, were very successful. At the end of 2006, Intel presented the first four- core processor, the Core 2 Extreme QX6700 .
At this point in time, AMD was unable to present a competing product because the processors based on the K10 architecture were still in development. However, since the older Athlon 64 couldn't keep up with the performance of the fastest Core 2 models, AMD also decided to use a new name for the new processors. On May 14, 2007, AMD announced the new brand name "Phenom". Phenom comes from the English word phenomenal , which is supposed to underline the improved computing power.
However, the new generation's entry into the market was not without problems. The server offshoot Barcelona for the Opteron was delayed by six months, according to AMD's CEO Héctor Ruiz , which also resulted in a delay in the market entry for desktop processors. The expectations that were placed on the first Phenom processors, all quad-core processors, could not be met either - in particular, the performance did not pose a threat to Intel's high-end processors, which was partly due to the unexpectedly low clock frequencies. The correction of a bug in revision B2 cost additional computing power.
The revision B3 corrected this error, and it also allowed AMD to present processors on March 27, 2008, some of which ran with slightly higher clock frequencies. The model number of these new processors ends in 50 . On the same day, AMD introduced the first three-core processors on the market. To distinguish between four and three cores, AMD has been calling the processors Phenom X4 and Phenom X3 since that day .
technology
The models of the 9000 series are four-core processors (Phenom X4, quad-core) and the models of the 8000 series are three -core processors (Phenom X3, triple-core) for the AM2 + socket with one L1 and L2 cache per processor core and one additional L3 cache common to all processor cores. These CPUs are downwardly compatible with the previous Socket AM2 to a limited extent . The restrictions apply e.g. B. downclocking individual cores and other energy saving mechanisms. Three-core processors are implemented by deactivating one processor core.
Errata
Processors of revision B2 have an error in the translation lookaside buffer (TLB) of the L2 cache . This is a so-called race condition between the updating of outdated data in the TLB of the L2 cache and the storage of this data in the L3 cache. There is therefore the possibility for a short time window that old, no longer valid data is stored in the L3 cache and the data in the L2 and L3 cache are inconsistent , which (for security reasons) usually leads to the system coming to a standstill.
The workaround ( workaround ) was measured by a BIOS of the area of the L2 cache in question disables updates. Furthermore, the error correction has also been integrated into Service Pack 1 of Microsoft Windows Vista . However, these measures cost an average of 10% computing power. A kernel patch is available for Linux that bypasses this error by means of software emulation without any loss of performance.
The erratum was corrected in revision B3, so that processors based on the new revision can also use the translation lookaside buffer without restrictions.
future
The processor series was discontinued with the switch to 45 nm production, the new models in 45 nm production run under the model name AMD Phenom II .
Model data
→ Main article: List of AMD K10 processors (desktop)
Quad-core processors
Agena
- Sales name: Phenom X4
- Quad-core processor
- Revisions: B2, B3
- L1 cache: per core 64 + 64 KiB (data + instructions), 2-fold associative
- L2 cache: 512 KiB per core with processor clock, 16-fold associative
- L3 cache: 2048 KiB with 1.6 to 1.8 GHz, shared, 32-fold associative
- MMX , Extended 3DNow , SSE , SSE2 , SSE3 , SSE4a , AMD64 , Cool'n'Quiet 2.0, NX-Bit , AMD-V
- Socket AM2 + , HyperTransport 3.0 with 1600 MHz (HT3200) to 2000 MHz (HT4000)
- DDR2 memory controller: Dual Channel , support up to DDR2 -1066
- Manufacturing technology: 65 nm ( SOI )
- The size: 285 mm² with 463 million transistors
- Clock frequencies: 1.8-2.6 GHz
- Models: Phenom X4 9100e to 9950
Tri-core processors
Toliman
- Sales name: Phenom X3
- Triple-core processor , an Agena quad -core with a deactivated core
- Revisions: B2, B3
- L1 cache: per core 64 + 64 KiB (data + instructions)
- L2 cache: 512 KiB per core with processor clock
- L3 cache: 2048 KiB at 1.8 GHz
- MMX , Extended 3DNow , SSE , SSE2 , SSE3 , SSE4a , AMD64 , Cool'n'Quiet 2.0, NX-Bit , AMD-V
- Socket AM2 +, HyperTransport 3.0 with 1800 MHz (HT3600)
- DDR2 memory controller: Dual Channel , support up to DDR2 -1066
- Manufacturing technology: 65 nm ( SOI )
- The size: 285 mm² with 463 million transistors
- Clock frequencies: 1.9-2.5 GHz
- Models: Phenom X3 8250e to 8850
Individual evidence
- ↑ AMD: With 'Spider', AMD presents the first complete PC platform ( memento of the original from February 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Press release, November 19, 2007
- ↑ a b AMD: AMD presents a new product name for the next generation of processors: AMD Phenom Processor ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Press release, May 14, 2007
- ↑ Golem: AMD boss Ruiz: "Barcelona is six months late" , August 21, 2007
- ↑ a b AMD: Revision Guide for AMD Family 10h Processors , English, PDF file (210 KiB)
- ↑ AMD: AMD introduces high-performance AMD Phenom X4 processors for HD desktop gaming and video ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Press release, March 27, 2008
- ↑ AMD: AMD introduces the world's first x86 triple-core processor ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Press release, March 27, 2008
- ↑ Correction to TLB-Erratum-298 reporting (planet3dnow.de)
- ↑ Linux kernel patch bypasses Barcelona / Phenom bug , heise.de, December 6, 2007
Web links
- Product information on the Phenom, AMD (English)
- AMD processor Finder (English)
- Top view of the Phenom-Die with assignment of the individual parts
- Identification of AMD Phenom processors
