University of Altdorf
Academia norica Altdorfina University of Altdorf |
|
---|---|
activity | 1622-1809 |
place | Altdorf near Nuremberg |
country |
Imperial City of Nuremberg ( Holy Roman Empire ) |
The University of Altdorf , also Altdorfina or Academia norica , was the university of the imperial city of Nuremberg in Altdorf near Nuremberg , which was inaugurated as an academy in 1575 and elevated to a university in 1622 . In 1809 it was dissolved by the Bavarian King Maximilian I.
history
prehistory
In May 1526 the St. Egidien grammar school was founded in Nuremberg with the participation of a number of well-known humanists and reformers , among them Philipp Melanchthon and Martin Luther , but it only lasted nine years. When it was later re-established in Nuremberg in the 19th century, it was named the Royal Old High School and in 1933 the Melanchthon High School . Initially, however, Joachim Camerarius , the former founding rector of the St. Egidien grammar school, gave the Nuremberg council the impetus for a new attempt with a letter written in 1565. After visiting several possible locations near Nuremberg, a delegation from the Nuremberg Council decided in favor of Altdorf. On September 30, 1571 the foundation stone was laid for the college building financed by donations from the wealthy Nuremberg patriciate; In return, the donors acquired a right of residence for their student sons. After almost four years of construction, the inauguration took place on June 29, 1575. In 1582 the east wing with the largest lecture hall, financed by Sebald Welser , was completed a year later the gatehouse with a bookstore and the pedell's apartment . The spatial dimensions of the building complex suggest that the Nuremberg residents thought beyond a simple grammar school early on. So the representative of the Nuremberg Council at the imperial court in Prague finally achieved the elevation to the academy. In 1581, the institution, which is no longer divided into classes, but rather into faculties, was awarded the first master’s degrees.
Elevation to university and Thirty Years' War
As the Altdorf Academy flourished and enjoyed a large influx of students, Emperor Ferdinand II elevated it to university on October 3, 1622 at the urging of the Nuremberg Council. In return, Nuremberg had to leave the Protestant Union and pay 25,000 guilders in aid to the emperor. The official founding date was set on June 29, 1623, the day on which the inauguration of the former grammar school took place in 1575. The Protestant St. Laurentius Church was named a university church. More than 1,100 young Protestant clergymen were ordained there by 1809 . Eight years after the university was founded, the Thirty Years' War had also reached Altdorf when Tilly's troops occupied town and university in November 1631 and threatened to plunder . After paying 1000 Reichstalers , the troops finally withdrew. In June 1632, members of the university were attacked by Croatian horsemen on their way from Nuremberg to Altdorf . The university rector Nößler had to stay as a doctor in Wallenstein's army . The enrollment at the university reached its low point during this time; Students and professors sought protection in neighboring Nuremberg.
Heyday, decline and dissolution
After the end of the war, the University of Altdorf enjoyed a period of prosperity and constant expansion into the first quarter of the 18th century. The anatomy was set up in 1650, the observatory in 1657 and the chemical laboratory in 1682 . On June 29, 1723, the centenary was celebrated with great pomp. But the annual new registrations continued to decline. A commission set up to improve the university in 1729 urged a higher discipline among students and professors and for the first time considered moving the university to Nuremberg. With the takeover of Nuremberg in 1806, the Imperial City University of Altdorf also fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria . As a result of the newly founded Bavarian state universities, savings had to be made in other areas. As the University of Dillingen had already done so in 1803 , the Altdorfina was dissolved by King Maximilian I Joseph on September 24, 1809 because the financial means were lacking . The library's holdings, including the bookcases, went to the Erlangen University Library . From 1824 to 1924 there was a school teacher seminar.
The "Wallenstein Affair"
On August 29, 1599, the then sixteen-year-old Albrecht von Waldstein , the son of a Protestant landowner and later famous under the name "Wallenstein" of the Thirty Years' War, registered in the Altdorf register . Only a few weeks later he was involved in the scandal surrounding the murder of Wolff Fuchs, an ensign of the Altdorf vigilante group , who was stabbed to death by student Johann Hartmann von Steinau shortly before Christmas after an argument. The allegations, which were then brought against Wallenstein, affected not only his presence at the act itself, but also that he , he should have been too Altorff and studirn in kurtzen time since turned white in mancherley allerley unrest and muetwillens were subject have As a letter from the Nuremberg Council to the Rector of the Altdorfina testified on January 12, 1600. The punishment was unusually mild, and Wallenstein was only given brief house arrest. A little later, on January 14th, another incident occurred when Wallenstein severely abused his servant with lashes because he had been idly looking out the window at the market. The then initiated proceedings ended with Wallenstein having to pay the medical expenses for the treatment of his servant and a fine of 30 guilders . His name appears for the last time in the university annals in mid-March 1600. Wallenstein disappeared from Altdorf and went on a grand tour to France and Italy, where he continued his studies at the universities of Padua and Bologna .
Eminent scholars
The year of the appointment to Altdorf or the lifetime is given in brackets
- Edo Hildericus (1533–1599) first rector of the academy in 1582 and professor of the Hebrew language from 1584
- Obertus Giphanius (1534–1604), law professor (1583–1590)
- Johannes Praetorius or Johann Richter (1537-1616), mathematician, astronomer and technician (1576)
- Nicolaus Taurellus (1547–1606), professor for rhetoric, ethics and from 1579 medicine and physics and four times rector
- Johannes Busereuth (1548–1610), law professor from 1580 to 1592, rector in 1586
- Julius Konrad Otto (* 1562; † 1649 or around 1655/56), originally Naphthali Margolith, 1603–1607 professor of Hebrew
- Aegidius Agricola (1578–1646), lawyer, doctorate in Basel in 1609, professor of jurisprudence in 1613
- Konrad Rittershausen (1560-1613), German lawyer (1591)
- Christoph Crinesius (1584–1629), German orientalist and university professor
- Hugo Donellus , lawyer (1588)
- Petrus Wesenbeck , lawyer (1592)
- Johann Weinmann (1599–1672), professor of theology from 1628 to 1672
- Ernst Soner , medicine professor, professor of naturopathy, Unitarian and (1607–1608) rector
- Daniel Schwenter , mathematician and philosopher (1608)
- Georg Nößler , medic (1618)
- Ludwig Jungermann , botanist (1625)
- Theodor Hackspan (1607–1659), orientalist, theologian and university professor (1636)
- Abdias Trew , mathematician and astronomer (1636)
- Johann Conrad Dürr , theologian and moral philosopher (1651, 1654)
- Johannes Saubert the Younger (1638–1688), Orientalist and Lutheran theologian (1673)
- Moritz Hofmann (1621–1698), medic (1648/49)
- Johann Christoph Wagenseil , historian, lawyer and orientalist (1667)
- Johann Christoph Sturm , physicist and mathematician (1669)
- Magnus Daniel Omeis , professor of rhetoric , poetry and morals (1674), from 1697 President of the Pegnese Order of Flowers
- Christian Gottlieb Schwarz (1675–1751), professor of rhetoric, poetry and morals, President of the Pegnese Order of Flowers
- Johann Moritz Hofmann (1677), physician, chairs for anatomy, chemistry and botany
- Johann Jakob Baier , physician, historian and fossil scientist (1704)
- Gustav Georg Zeltner , theologian (1706)
- Lorenz Heister , physician and botanist (1710)
- Georg Friedrich Deinlein , law and philosophy, private lecturer (1719), professor (1730), rector
- Johann Heinrich Schulze , physician, philologist and numismatist (1720)
- Johann David Köhler , librarian and numismatist
- Christian Heinrich Free Life (1696–1741), German author, lawyer and from 1730 "Professor of Institutions"
- Johann Heumann von Teutschenbrunn , full professor of law (1744)
- Johann Augustin Dietelmair (1746–1785), professor of theology and five-time rector
- Georg Wilhelm Sigismund Beigel (1753–1837), diplomat, librarian, natural scientist and mathematician
- Johann Christian Siebenkees , legal scholar (1776), eight times dean of the law faculty, five times rector of the university
- Konrad Mannert , historian and geographer (1778, 1797)
- Julius Friedrich von Malblanc jurist (1779), 1785 rector of the university
- Georg Andreas Will , historian and philosopher (1757), member of the Pegnese Order of Flowers
- Wolfgang Jäger (1734–1795), philologist and historian, from 1773 associate professor of Western languages, 1786 full professor and also professor of poetry and from 1788 professor of eloquence
- Christoph David Anton Martini (1761–1815), Protestant theologian, professor of theology from 1807 to 1809
- Johann Philipp Siebenkees (1759–1796), adjunct professor of philosophy (1791), full professor of languages (1795)
- Jacob Friedrich Georg Emmrich (1766–1839), lawyer, 1802 rector of the university
- Gottlob Wilhelm Meyer (1768–1816), professor of theology from 1804 to 1813
Eminent students
- Melchior Goldast von Haiminsfeld, Swiss classical philologist , received his doctorate in 1597
- Aegidius Agricola (1578–1646), lawyer, doctorate in 1609 in Basel
- Albrecht von Waldstein , called Wallenstein, later the imperial general, was a student from 1599 to 1600
- Christoph Schindler (1596–1669), German lawyer and clergyman
- Georg Achatz Heher (1601–1667), lawyer, diplomat and chancellor
- Andreas Goldmayer (1602–1665), mathematician, astronomer and calendar maker
- Johann Michael Dilherr (1604–1669), professor of eloquence, history and poetry and theology, was closely associated with the Pegnese Flower Order
- Theodor Hackspan (1607–1659), orientalist, theologian and university professor
- Georg Philipp Harsdörffer , enrolled from 1623 to 1626, founded the Pegnese Flower Order in 1644
- Johann Conrad Dürr (1625–1677), theologian and university professor
- Wolfgang Gundling (1637–1689), Lutheran theologian
- Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706), German composer and organist
- Johann Adam Schertzer (1628–1683), German Lutheran theologian and university professor
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , philosopher and scientist, mathematician, diplomat, legal scholar, physicist, historian and doctor of secular and canon law , received his doctorate in 1666
- Heinrich Arnold Stockfleth , studied theology, 1666 Magister, 1668 poet in the Pegnese Flower Order
- Wilhelm Ludwig von Maskowsky (1675–1731), statesman
- Johann Georg Volckamer , graduated in 1643, eleventh member of the Pegnese Flower Order in 1646
- Johann Alexander Döderlein , from 1693
- Jacob Paul von Gundling , historian (1695)
- Nikolaus Hieronymus Gundling , studied theology and philosophy, later Vice Rector in Halle
- Christoph Fürer von Haimendorf , President of the Pegnese Flower Order from 1709 to 1732
- Christoph Jacob Trew (1695–1769), doctor and botanist from 1711 to 1712
- Johann Georg Schelhorn (1694–1773), German theologian, studied in Altdorf from 1714 to 1716
- Karl Christian Hirsch (1704–1754), church historian and clergyman
- Christoph Friedrich Geiger (1712–1767), lawyer and professor at the University of Marburg
- Nicolaus Schwebel (1713–1773), philologist, poet and educator
- Andreas Würfel (1718–1769), clergyman and historian
- Johann Gottlieb Schäffer (1720–1795), doctor and natural scientist
- Erhard Andreas Frommann (1722–1774), Abbot of Berge Monastery and General Superintendent of the Duchy of Magdeburg
- Johann Christoph Gatterer (1727–1799), historian, professor at the University of Göttingen, was a student from 1747
- Wolfgang Jäger (1734–1795), philologist and historian, studied there from 1752 to 1758
- Johann Georg Schlosser (1739–1799), lawyer, historian and statesman
- Jacob Christian Gottlieb von Schäffer (1752–1826), German doctor
- Johann Christian Siebenkees (1753–1841), legal scholar, poet and university lecturer
- Gerhard Adam Neuhofer (1773-1816), writer
- Johann Gottfried Pahl , Protestant theology from 1784, 1807 Pahl became an honorary member of the Pegnese Flower Order
Aftertaste
The university building is now part of the Wichernhaus , a boarding school for the physically handicapped and a retirement home .
To commemorate Wallenstein's student days, the so-called " Wallenstein Festival " takes place in Altdorf at regular intervals , at which over 600 Altdorf citizens in historical costumes reenact scenes from student life at the beginning of the 17th century. The next festival year is 2021.
Today there is a university museum less than a hundred meters from the university building.
Since September 2002 the INUA initiative ("International Network University Altdorf") has been working to revitalize the University of Altdorf. INUA is currently working on the development of various courses and on a university database. Important data from all German universities should be made generally accessible there.
literature
swell
- Ludwig Krauss: The Altdorfer memorial speech for Sebald Welser (d. 1589) . The Latin text with translation, introduction and explanations. Nuremberg: Melanchthon-Gymnasium, 1976, 53 pages (uniform title: Oratio in obitum et memoriam domini Sebaldi Welseri senatoris consularis Norimbergensis)
- Johann Martin Trechsel: Amoenitates Altdorfinae or actual prospectuses drawn from life of the praiseworthy Nuremberg University of Altdorf , Nuremberg, approx. 1720
- Johann Georg Puschner : Natural portrayal of academic life in present fourteen beautiful figures brought to light by D. , Nuremberg approx. 1725
- The register of the University of Altdorf . Stürtz: Würzburg ( digitized version )
Representations
- Georg Andreas Will: History and description of the Nuremberg University Altdorf . Reprint of the 2nd edition Altdorf 1801, with an addendum by Christian Conrad Nopitsch, Aalen 1975, ISBN 3-511-10095-X . ( Google Books )
- Horst Claus Recktenwald (ed.): Scholars of the University of Altdorf . Nuremberg 1966.
- Horst Claus Recktenwald: The Franconian University of Altdorf , 2nd edition, Nuremberg 1990, ISBN 3-88929-073-6 .
- Hans Recknagel : The Nuremberg University Altdorf , Altdorf near Nuremberg 1993.
- Hans Recknagel: The Nuremberg University Altdorf and its great scholars , Altdorf 1998, ISBN 3-00-003737-3 .
- Wolfgang Mährle: Academia Norica. Science and education at the Nuremberg High School in Altdorf (1575-1623) . (Contubernium. Tübingen Contributions to the History of University and Science 54). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2000. ( Google Books ; limited preview)
- Hanns Christof Brennecke / Dirk Niefanger / Werner Wilhelm Schnabel (eds.): Academy and University of Altdorf, studies on the university history of Nuremberg , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2011 (supplements to the archive for cultural history, 69), ISBN 978-3-412-20640- 6 .
- Werner Wilhelm Schnabel (ed.): Athena Norica. Images and data on the history of the University of Altdorf , Nuremberg 2012 (gff digital - Series A: Digitized sources, 3), ISBN 978-3-929865-93-6 (DVD-ROM)
Web links
- Directory of professors and students Album Academicum Altorphinum. Personal database for the Academy and University of Altdorf 1578–1809.
- To dissolve the University of Altdorf . In: From the eagle to the lion - Erlangen becomes Bavarian (exhibition from September 22 to November 18, 2006)
- Wallensteinfestspielverein Altdorf eV - Information page of the organizer of the Wallenstein Festival with tourist information and photos from past performances
- International Network University of Altdorf (INUA)
Coordinates: 49 ° 23 ′ 5.5 ″ N , 11 ° 21 ′ 24.5 ″ E