Andreas Bühler (stonemason)

Reformed Church Thusis , one of the first orders as a master from 1491

Reformed Church of Santa Maria Val Müstair

Andreas Bühler (* around 1457 in Gmünd , † after 1512), a native of Austria was master stonemason and architect of the late Gothic period , the 1489 to 1512 in Grisons least fourteen (now mostly Protestant - Reformed ) created church buildings and was probably involved in other . Characteristic of his work are mostly unadorned church rooms with precisely executed ribbed vaults .

Life

Vault in the choir of St. Martin (Zillis) , right under 1509 "Master Andree Buchler" + maker's mark

A direct documentary version from Andreas Bühler in Carinthia is only possible indirectly so far. In the parish archives of Gmünd there is talk of a purchase in 1441 in which an Anthoni Strasser zu Gmünd sells a property in Oberlammerstarff called Görianczitzsch auf dem Püchel for 60 pounds to a citizen of the town , which is managed by a tenant Andre . Today's Lammersdorf in the Millstatt community is around 20 km from Gmünd. In the upper, eastern district of Görtschach there is the Pichler -Bauer on a hill , who has been mentioned in a document with this name since 1670. In 1520 the farm was called Am Pühl , 1562 Pühler or 1599 Am Püchel (size three fiefs ). The hypothetical year of Bühler's birth is assumed to be 1457. It is conceivable that Andre, mentioned as the tenant, was the father of Andreas Bühler and that the new farm owner from Gmünd made it possible for his talented subject to be a stonemason in Gmünd, who then called himself Püchler after his local origins , who later became a Bühler . The end of his training is documented for St. Andreas Day 1478 (November 30th) at the latest in the Haller Hüttenbuch, the Inntaler stonemasons' brotherhood, where it says andre püchler von Gmund is prueder / as a stainmecz . In an inscription of 1489 in the Reformed Church Scharans he called himself, already in the function as polishing , maister anntres Püchler . In the 1480s he worked with Master Steffan Klain, who also came from Austria, with the older Klain, who died in 1492, responsible for the choir vault and the younger Bühler for the nave. From 1490 at the latest he was an independent master.

Wall tabernacle in the church of Sent

Between 1489 and 1512, Andreas Bühler worked on fourteen churches in Graubünden as a stonemason and architect, evidenced by inscriptions, stonemason marks and archival materials. Scharans (ship 1489–90), Samedan (ship 1492), Santa Maria im Münstertal (1492), Ruschein (1496), Sent (1496), Cazis (choir 1496/98; ship? 1504), Poschiavo (choir 1497), Masein (1501), Felsberg (1505), Thusis (1491–1506), Obervaz (1499–1507), Zillis (Chor 1509), Safien (1500–1510) and Flims (1512). For Luzein (journeyman? 1487) and Langwies (foreman 1488) his collaboration appears to be secured by his mark.

Poschiavo, San Vittore

Various authors ascribe other churches to Bühler in the canton of Graubünden. These are Alvaneu , St. Antönien (1493), Klosters (choir 1493), Ortenstein (castle chapel not open to the public, end of 1500), Saas im Prättigau (around 1500), Portein (1505), Casaccia (1514/18) and Surcasti ( 1515-1520). There is a compilation of master and stonemason's marks for the Carinthia and Styria area, but no attributions. Two buildings in South Tyrol in Schluderns (1493) and Percha in Pustertal (1525) could have been made by Bühler. An early sign of Steinmetz Buhler that could be assigned later, in 1950 by Erich Hamböck to a battered, late Gothic Tuffsteintor the Burg Gmund , today the access to a restaurant, found. In his former home Upper Carinthia , no evidence has been found except at Gmündner Burg. Although there was reduced construction activity in Switzerland in the 1990s as a result of the Swabian War, and with it a migration of artists, Andreas Bühler does not seem to have been affected by this. As the builder of the chancel of the parish church of Obervellach in Carinthia, he is, as long assumed, to be excluded. Bühler is also believed to be the master of the late Gothic hall parish church in Gmünd in Carinthia , but there is no evidence for this.

Buildings

Poschiavo, San Vittore (1497–1503)

before 1487 journeyman, tuff stone gate (restaurant entrance Burg Gmünd)
1487 journeyman under Master Steffan Klain at the Reformed Church in Luzein , Graubünden
1488 Foreman under Steffan Klain at the Reformed Church Langwies , Graubünden
1489–1490 Foreman (name spelling Püchler ) under Steffan Klain, nave of the Reformed Church Scharans , Graubünden
1491–1506 Reformed Church Thusis , Graubünden
1492 Master Steffan Klein (choir), Master Bühler (nave and tabernacle) of the Reformed Church of St. Peter in Samedan (Samaden), Graubünden
1492 master craftsman, St. Maria im Münstertal , Graubünden
1493 [attribution] St. Antönien in Alvaneu, Graubünden
1493 [attribution] Reformed Church of Klosters , Graubünden
1493 [attribution] Building with a master's mark from Bühler in Schluderns, South Tyrol
1496 St. Georg in Ruschein, Graubünden
1496 Reformed Church Sent , Graubünden
1496/98 Choir of the monastery church St. Peter and Paul, Cazis, Graubünden
1497 Choir of St. Viktor in Poschiavo (S Vittore), nave by Sebold Westolf 1503, Graubünden
1499–1507 Obervaz, Graubünden
1500 [attribution] Reformed Church Saas im Prättigau , Graubünden
1500 [attribution] Castle chapel at Ortenstein Castle, Graubünden
1501 Masein Reformed Church , Graubünden
1504 Ship (?) Of the monastery church St. Peter and Paul, Graubünden
1505 [attribution] Reformed Church Portein, Graubünden
1505 Choir of the Reformed Church Felsberg , Graubünden
1509 Reformed Church Safien Platz , Graubünden
1509 Choir of the Church of St. Martin in Zillis (Ziran), Graubünden
1510 Alvaneu (removed), Graubünden
1510 [attribution] Castiel Reformed Church , Graubünden
1512 Flims Reformed Church , Graubünden
1514/18 [attribution] Together with Bernhard Puschlav, Reformed Church Casaccia (ruin), Graubünden
1515/20 [attribution] Church of St. Laurenzius in Surcasti, Graubünden

1515 [attribution] Sogn Gion church, Graubünden
1525 [attribution] Building with a master's mark from Bühler (completed Ansem Mair) in Percha, South Tyrol

literature

The oldest evidence (before 1478) of his stonemason's mark on the castle in Gmünd

Axel Huber: Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305-328 .
Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the St. Martin choir in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342 .
Nott Caviezel: Andreas Bühler. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland HLS. January 30, 2003, accessed August 8, 2019 .

Web links

At the top right on the hill known as Pichler in Görtschach is the house where v. Buhler

Commons : Andreas Bühler (Steinmetz) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ Regest of the document P 301 of February 24, 1441. Axel Huber : Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305–328, here: 308 .
↑ Hans Pichler: The house and farm names of the court district Millstatt in Upper Carinthia. Diss., Vienna 1960, p. 215 (375 pp.).
^ Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329–342, here: 329 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Axel Huber: Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305–328, here: 325 .
^ Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342, here: 341 f .
↑ ^a ^b Axel Huber: Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305–328, here: 306 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342, here: 333 .
^ Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342, here: 338 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the St. Martin choir in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329–342 , pages 339–342 (Appendix: Chronological listing of the buildings by Andreas Bühler) .

personal data
SURNAME	Bühler, Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Püchler, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Austrian master stonemason
DATE OF BIRTH	around 1457
PLACE OF BIRTH	Gmünd in Carinthia
DATE OF DEATH	around 1525

[1] Regest of the document P 301 of February 24, 1441. Axel Huber : Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305–328, here: 308 .

[2] Hans Pichler: The house and farm names of the court district Millstatt in Upper Carinthia. Diss., Vienna 1960, p. 215 (375 pp.).

[3] Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329–342, here: 329 .

[huber_bühler_325-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y Axel Huber: Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305–328, here: 325 .

[5] Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342, here: 341 f .

[huber_bühler_306-6] Axel Huber: Andreas Bühler from Gmünd in Carinthia and his late Gothic church buildings in Graubünden. In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 305–328, here: 306 .

[zobernig_333-7] Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342, here: 333 .

[8] Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the choir of St. Martin in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329-342, here: 338 .

[zobernig_339-9] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Stephan Zobernig: Was Andreas Bühler the builder of the St. Martin choir in Obervellach? In: Historical Society of Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I . 196th year. Klagenfurt 2006, p. 329–342 , pages 339–342 (Appendix: Chronological listing of the buildings by Andreas Bühler) .