Atzbach (Hesse)

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Atzbach
community Lahnau
Coordinates: 50 ° 34 ′ 46 ″  N , 8 ° 35 ′ 18 ″  E
Height : 162  (152-348)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.48 km²
Residents : 3061  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 361 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Incorporated into: Lahn
Postal code : 35633
Area code : 06441
Atzbach from the left side of the Lahn
Atzbach from the left side of the Lahn
Place name sign of Atzbach

Atzbach is a district of the municipality of Lahnau in the Lahn-Dill district in Central Hesse . The village is a place of residence for approx. 3100 inhabitants between the cities of Wetzlar and Gießen and lies on the Lahn . Since 1979 it has been the easternmost district of the municipality of Lahnau, which also includes the larger district of Waldgirmes and the smallest district of Dorlar.

geography

To the west of the Atzbach district borders the Dorlar district , to the northwest the Waldgirmes district , to the north and east Atzbach lies on the district border with the district of Gießen with the town of Rodheim-Bieber (communities Biebertal ) and Kinzenbach (community Heuchelheim ). In the south, the area of ​​Atzbach closes on the Wetzlar district of Dutenhofen , with the Lahn forming the border to this place for the most part.

Atzbach is located north of the Lahn on the main Lahn terrace at the western end of the Giessen basin and is part of the Gleiberger Land cooperation . The northern part of the district is forested and, together with the 348 m high Königstuhl, forms the southern boundary of the Gladenbacher Bergland in the hinterland .

Atzbach is four kilometers from the A 45 ( Wetzlar-Ost junction ) and three kilometers from the B 49 ( Lahnau junction ). The A5 can be reached via the A 480 ( Gießener Ring ) via the Reiskirchener Dreieck (19 kilometers away). It is 74 kilometers to Frankfurt am Main , Gießen is six kilometers and Wetzlar is eight kilometers away.

history

Early history

Atzbach was first mentioned in a document in 774 in the Lorsch Codex of the Lorsch Monastery with the name "Ettisbach". The founding of the bach places fell in the Franconian period, in the 5th to 8th centuries. Atzbach initially belonged to the County of Gleiberg before the possession of Atzbach fell to the Count of Merenberg in 1180 . In 1328 the property of Merenberg, which included many places, came to the Count of Nassau-Weilburg . At the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy of Nassau renounced the possession of Atzbach in favor of the Kingdom of Prussia .

From 1734 to 1849 Atzbach was the seat of a Nassau office , which was responsible for numerous places in the area up to today's municipalities of Wettenberg (district of Gießen) and Hüttenberg (Lahn-Dill district). The main office building from 1756 is the building of today's Atzbach primary school . In the western area of ​​today's grounds of the Evangelical Church, in the immediate vicinity of the main office building, was the so-called Stockhaus, which temporarily served as a prison and was demolished in 1973. On the eastern part of the church area there was the first office building for the communal facilities and at times for school purposes. In the old town center there were several branch offices of the office, from which the name Landschreibergasse was derived.

After the Atzbach office was dissolved, Atzbach remained mayor for the villages of Atzbach, Garbenheim , Dorlar, Dutenhofen, Kinzenbach, Vetzberg , Krofdorf and Gleiberg until 1860 . That year it was merged with the Launsbach mayor's office in Krofdorf-Gleiberg. Only in 1934 did Atzbach regain its own mayor's office, this was the year when the towns of Naunheim, Waldgirmes and Hermannstein and the towns of today's Biebertal were attached to the Wetzlar district .

The age of railways and industrialization

Former railway stop from 1904. On the left the dismantled railway line, which is now a protected part of the landscape

In 1870/71 the construction of the cannon railway began, which had previously been planned as a Prussian military railway and ran from Berlin to Alsace . Atzbach is located on the Lollar-Wetzlar section of the former cannon railway, which included a bypass of the train station in Gießen in Hesse-Darmstadt via purely Prussian territory. The Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 and the consequences ultimately never allowed the completed cannon train to become what it was actually planned for. In 1881 Atzbach and Dorlar got a common train station for which both places paid. It was the later Dorlar train station, which was located in the eastern part of the Dorlar district and today houses the youth center of the community of Lahnau. After tough negotiations, Atzbach got its own train stop in 1904 (without ticket sales). This building has also been preserved to this day, is located at the end of the "Hohlweg" street and today serves as the clubhouse for the local rabbit and poultry breeding association.

The 20th century

In the decades after the cannon railway was built, Atzbach grew beyond the old village center. While previously the place ended at today's through-road (Gießener Straße), the development gradually took place up to the Kanonenbahn route including the train stop. In the west the building limited the new cigar factory, the 1976 town house was rebuilt. A major boost in terms of development followed after the Second World War, when Atzbach had to accept around 700 refugees from the former German eastern regions and from German settlements in the Czech Republic and Hungary . It was decided to set up building land west of the cigar factory between Gießener Strasse and the Kanonenbahn route. A little later, Atzbach's local mountain, on which the cemetery is located, was built.

There were then major changes in the 1960s, when it was decided to build an integrated comprehensive school for grades 5–10 in a school association in the neighboring towns of Atzbach, Dorlar, Waldgirmes, Dutenhofen and Garbenheim. In addition, a sports hall with four playing fields was built. In addition to the Lahntalschule , various roundings were made in the residential development, so that the development gap between the towns of Atzbach and Dorlar was closed in the early 1970s.

The ongoing influx of people, especially from North Rhine-Westphalia to Hesse due to the better labor market situation , made it necessary to create more building land. From 1970 to 1975, a new building area was opened up, which was the first to drive development north of the railway line. Small roundings were made until 1985.

The local government reform

The 1970s in the Federal Republic of Germany were shaped by the municipal territorial reform , whereby several municipalities merged or larger towns swallowed up smaller ones. In the years when Atzbach was able to celebrate its 1200th birthday (1974), the end of the independent community of Atzbach seemed to have come. As part of the regional reform in Hesse , a new large city Lahn was formed in Central Hesse , which was intended to provide a structural counterweight to the large cities in the Rhine-Main area and Kassel . On January 1, 1977, the city of Lahn was formed by state law, an amalgamation of Gießen and Wetzlar and another 14 communities, including Atzbach. The city of Lahn was independent, and the surrounding districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the Dill district formed the new Lahn-Dill district. Within the city of Lahn, the towns of Atzbach, Dorlar and Waldgirmes formed the district of Lahntal.

Due to civil protests, the city of Lahn was dissolved again with effect from August 1, 1979. From then on there was Gießen and Wetzlar again, but no longer an independent city in Central Hesse . The district of Giessen has again emerged. With a few exceptions, the Lahn-Dill district now included the former districts of Wetzlar and Dillkreis.

Atzbach was merged with the neighboring villages of Dorlar and Waldgirmes to form the new municipality of Lahnau. Lahnau has continued to develop structurally: In the districts of Dorlar and Waldgirmes, new industrial areas have emerged, while Atzbach primarily functions as a residential area.

Late 20th century

At this time, however, as elsewhere in Germany, the age of the railways began to decline. On May 30, 1980, passenger transport was stopped on the Wetzlar-Lollar cannon railway . On a last section, also in the Atzbach area, freight traffic was also stopped on September 30, 1990 , followed by track dismantling in July 1995.

In 1998 the last supermarket in the classic sense closed, so that there has been no grocery store in Atzbach itself since then. In the meantime, the municipality of Lahnau has developed into a whole, so that after years of controversial political discussion, a discount and a full-range supermarket was opened in 2006. Due to the distance of only a few hundred meters from the Dorlar-Atzbach district boundary, the Neue Mitte Lahnau shopping center in the Dorlar district offers good local supplies for today's Lahnau district of Atzbach.

In 1999, Atzbach celebrated its 1225th anniversary with a historic farmers' market in May and a program in the marquee in August.

After several decades, a residential building area was opened up again in Atzbach from 2006 to 2007, which comprises the westernmost part of the area immediately north of the railway line and will have around 70 residential buildings in the final stage. Due to the dismantled cannon railway, extensive changes were made in relation to the connection of the settlement areas north of the railway line, in which new road crossings were built as a connection to the state road.

Atzbach is connected to the district town of Wetzlar and the university town of Gießen by the city bus line 24, which runs in relatively short intervals between Gießen and Wetzlar, by public transport .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Atzbach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1506 Protestant (= 73.72%), 471 Catholic (= 23.05%) residents
Atzbach: Population from 1834 to 1970
year     Residents
1834
  
 596
1840
  
 607
1846
  
 662
1852
  
 642
1858
  
 634
1864
  
 624
1871
  
 638
1875
  
 665
1885
  
 704
1895
  
 758
1905
  
 878
1910
  
 927
1925
  
 1,056
1939
  
 1,194
1946
  
 1,698
1950
  
 1,833
1956
  
 1,973
1961
  
 2,043
1967
  
 2,222
1970
  
 2,355
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Attractions

The historical church

The area around the Evangelical Church with the bakery and the old schoolhouse (today's elementary school) is an ensemble, which is framed by numerous historical buildings, today mostly residential buildings in the center of the village south of the through-road (L 3020).

The stork's nest on the roof of the Amthof (built in 1756 / primary school until 2010) has not been used by the birds for several months since 1968. Attempts to get the storks back at home failed until 2008. In 2009 a pair of storks brooded for the first time in a nest in the Lahn floodplains. The renaturation of the floodplains created good breeding conditions again. Furthermore, eleven storks passing through were counted.

Personalities

Atzbach's sons and daughters

  • Heinrich Medicus (1743–1828), military man and collector of sagas
  • Friedrich Müller (1803–1876), Nassau bailiff and member of the state parliament
  • Paul Dienstbach (born 1980), German rower, long-time member of the national rowing team and the Germany eight.

People who worked in Atzbach

  • Gerhard Bökel (born 1946), former Hessian interior minister, former member of the state parliament and former district administrator of the Lahn-Dill district.

Web links

Commons : Atzbach  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Location data on the Lahnau municipality's website , accessed in July 2016.
  2. ^ Population development in the municipality of Lahnau in 2016 . tape  03 . LINUS WITTICH, 2017 ( Lahnauer Nachrichten 3-2017 [accessed on July 18, 2017]).
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 5), Certificate 3153, December 15, 774 - Reg. 719. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 101 , accessed on July 8, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Dill district, the districts of Gießen and Wetzlar and the city of Gießen (GVBl. II 330-28) of May 13, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 17 , p. 237 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1,3 MB ]).
  5. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 346, 380 and 383 .
  6. ↑ a b c Atzbach, Lahn-Dill district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ Office Gleiberg  (HHStAW inventory 166). In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).
  9. ^ Establishment of the combined Gleiberg and Hüttenberg and Stoppelbergs  In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen).