Augustinian Canons of Pfaffen-Schwabenheim

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Romanesque apse of the provost church
Look into the choir
West facade

The former Augustinian canons of Pfaffen-Schwabenheim is the largest unchanged baroque monastery complex in Rhineland-Palatinate . The former provost church (so-called monastery church, today a catholic pilgrimage and subsidiary church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary) included in the baroque building complex is protected as one of the most remarkable late Romanesque sacred buildings in Rhineland-Palatinate by the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict . The late Romanesque choir has been a funding project of the German Foundation for Monument Protection since August 2012 .

In the monastery church, the Lower Rhine and Upper Rhine Romanesque styles combine with elements of the Gothic style from France to create a unique, harmonious spatial effect. Its related buildings are the provost church in Offenbach-Hundheim and the Marienkirche in Gelnhausen . All three churches are on the old trade route between Metz and Leipzig .

history

The pen was around 1040/1044 by the Blessed Eberhard VI. von Nellenburg and his mother Hedwig, niece of Emperor Heinrich II. , founded on their own property as a women's convent, which moved here as a consecrated widow . The first church consecration took place by Pope Leo IX. , a cousin of Hedwig. This probably happened around October 17, 1049, when he was passing from the Synod in Reims to the Synod in Mainz.

Around 1124 the monastery came to the county of Sponheim as a dowry from the Nellenburg heiress Mechthild von Mörsberg . In 1130 it was handed over by Count Meginhard von Sponheim and his wife Mechthild as part of the Worms Concordat to the Archbishop of Mainz, Adalbert I , on the condition that the bishop ensures that friars according to the rule of St. Augustine live. He occupied it with Augustinian canons , like Eberbach Monastery (1116) in the Rheingau , the monastery near the All Saints Church in Erfurt (1117) and Hane Monastery in today's Donnersbergkreis (1129). In the case of the latter, it is known that clerics were settled in the flourishing reform monastery Springiersbach , which was only consecrated in 1102 by the Archbishop of Trier, Bruno , who in turn came from the Nellenburg family. The Umbrella Vogtei subsequently exercised the line of the Counts of Sponheim, who owned the Dill Castle on the Hunsrück, while in return the collegiate church served as the Count's burial place.

In 1229 the Pope set the number of canons at 18, rebuilt the parish and subsidized the planned church building with an indulgence. In 1230, work began on building the new collegiate church in the late Romanesque style, from which the choir has been preserved. The apse and choir area were completed around 1248, a transept in 1260. In 1264 the first consecration took place. Financial problems and the sacking after the Battle of Sprendlingen in 1279 prevented a long house from being built. The pilgrimage began with the final consecration in 1308.

At the time of the extinction of the Counts of Sponheim in the 15th century, there was a decline; finally the convention consisted of only 5 members. In 1468 the monastery was attached to the Windesheim congregation by the Archbishop of Mainz , which led to a revival. When the canons refused to join the Reformation in 1566 , they were expelled, the monastery was lifted, and the tower and transept of the church demolished. The properties then comprised 881 acres .

Only in 1697 could it be rebuilt in the course of the re-Catholicization policy of Pfalz-Neuburg and occupied with Augustinian canons from Eberhardsklausen . From 1699 the Augustinian Canons also provided pastoral care in the neighboring towns of Badenheim , Ober-Hilbersheim , Sprendlingen , Welgesheim and Zotzenheim . From this time on, under Provost Anton Ignaz von Martels (* 1669 in Dankern Castle ; † 1740 in Pfaffen-Schwabenheim) all former properties of the monastery were leased by the clerical property administration of the Electoral Palatinate and a brisk construction activity developed. The simple nave of the church and the preserved convent buildings date from this time. At that time the convent consisted of around 50 canons.

From 1760 the pilgrimage to the miraculous image of Mary, Queen of Peace began. The picture is an oil painting made in the Carmel in Cologne , which depicts the statue of the Virgin Mary of Medici had made from Scherpenheuvel's miraculous wood .

In 1802 the monastery was dissolved in the course of the secularization under Napoleon . At the same time the pilgrimage came to a standstill. The church came to the parish of Badenheim as a branch church in 1808 as part of the second reorganization of the diocese of Mainz after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss With the circumscription bull Provida solersque of August 16, 1821, Pope Pius VII decreed the final abolition of the pen. A retirement home for emeritus priests was set up in the Propsteig buildings as early as 1811 and existed until 1826. In 1832 the long-vacant monastery buildings - with the exception of the church and the north wing - were sold to the political community, which set up a school in the eastern end of the south wing. In 1833 the entire east and west wing and the rest of the south wing were sold to private individuals.

In 1972 the pilgrimage to Mary the Queen of Peace was revived. The private owners have been restoring the Propsteig buildings since 1980. In 2001 the baroque part of the monastery church was extensively restored; In 2013/14, extensive conservation measures were carried out on the facade of the late Romanesque east choir and wood pests were carried out in the baroque furnishings.

description

The former provost church and today's Catholic parish church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary consists of two parts of different periods: the late Romanesque choir and the late Baroque nave . The late Romanesque, isosceles choir trapezoid is closed by an apse flanked by round towers and was built from around 1230 to 1248. The transept , completed in 1260, has disappeared today. The final consecration took place in 1308, the 700th anniversary of which was celebrated by a pontifical mass with Karl Cardinal Lehmann . The late baroque hall was added to the late Romanesque choir in 1766 and a roof turret was added in 1848 .

The convent buildings erected between 1723 and 1764 form a baroque three-wing complex with mansard roofs and elaborate stucco ceilings of the Mainz Bandelwerk School . The more than 90 m² large, colored stucco ceiling in the former refectory , whose founder, Elector Karl III. Philip is attested in writing. The last remains of the curtain wall that enclosed the monastery went under in 2003 when a new building area was designated.

Provosts and priors

The following are named as provosts or priors of the monastery from 1468:

  • 1125 Hermann
  • 1219 Heinrich
  • 1246, 1248, 1254, 1259 Conrad
  • 1282 H.
  • 1284 G.
  • 1292, 1294, 1295, 1296, 1300 Ulbert, Vulbert, also Albert
  • 1314 Count Johann von Sponheim
  • 1324 Syfrid von Planig (Pleyniche, Bleinich)
  • 1330 Francis
  • 1347, 1351, 1357, 1358 Johannes Alberti
  • 1361, 1367, 1370 Jacob
  • 1376, 1377 Heinrich Rinck
  • 1387, 1412 Philip
  • 1413 Peter Rosenberg, cantor of St. Johann in Mainz , conservator of the rights of the monastery
  • 1421, 1436 Conrad Wolf von Schleiden
  • 1440, 1454 Johann von Dille, also Johann von Sponheim, already in 1413 syndic and procurator of the convent
  • 1456, 1466 Gerhard von Mauchenheim
  • 1466 Philip

Joined the Windesheim congregation

  • 1468 Andreas (Endres) von Wallertheim
  • 1469 Johann Otten from the Hirzenhain Monastery
  • 1470 Hermann von Batenburg († 1507)
  • 1509 Nikolaus von Velle ( Niederfell ) († 1513)
  • 1513 Johann von Seligenstadt († 1520)
  • 1520, 1521, 1526 Adam von Raunen (runes) or Adam Rome († 1547)
  • 1547 Johann von Lahnstein († 1556)
  • 1566 Johannes Illingen († 1566), died shortly after the monastery was closed. Adam von Neuss († 1589) became prior of the convent, who had fled to the Marienthal monastery , in 1568

Repeal and attempts at repopulation

  • 1621 Nikolaus von Kinzweiler
  • 1639 Christoph Caërs
  • 1642 (Rector) Heinrich Kaerß (Caërs, Caersius)

Repopulation

  • 1649 Caspar Becher († 1652)
  • 1697 Anton Ignaz Martels (* 1669; † 1740) from Dankern Castle , came from the Eberhardsklausen Monastery to Pfaffen-Schwabenheim
  • 1740 Matthias Ludwig Sieven († 1748) from the Ewig monastery
  • 1748 Lothar Franz Bohländer († 1754)
  • 1754 Johann Georg Heß, deposed
  • 1770 Caesar Herman François Petit de Maubuisson (* around 1710; † 1784) from the Eberhardsklausen monastery
  • 1784 Cuno Weinmann

secularization

swell

  • Copy book of the monastery of the Augustinian canons of Pfaffen-Schwabenheim, 1500–1526, with document steps 1130–1520; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (C l A document collections and copies, no. 134; old signature: C l, no. 137) = (excerpt) Wilhelm Fabricius : The lordships of the lower Nahe area. The Nahegau and its surroundings . (Explanations to the Historical Atlas of the Rhine Province 6). Behrend, Bonn 1914, p. 53f, cf. P. 38–43 ( digitized version of the State Library Center Rhineland-Palatinate Koblenz)
  • Deuastationis monasterij Schwabenheym narratio , 1566 on the Monday before Purificationis Marie [28. January 1566]. In: Franz Falk : How Elector Friedrich III. wanted to introduce Calvinism in the front county of Sponheim . In: Historisches Jahrbuch 12 (1891), pp. 37–55 and 492–504, esp. 498–502 ( Google Books , limited preview)
  • Pfaffenschwabenheim , 1601. In: Jacob Grimm (Ed.): Weisthümer , Vol. IV. Dieterich, Göttingen 1863, pp. 614–617 ( Google Books )

literature

  • Stephan Alexander Würdtwein : Suabenheim. Monasterium ordinis canonicorum regularium S. Augustini . In: Monasticon Palatinum vol. V. Cordon, Mannheim 1796, pp. 126–308 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
  • Friedrich Schneider , Franz Aloysius Falk : The regulated canons of the Church of St. Mary in Pfaffen-Schwabenheim . In: Wilhelm Wagner: The former spiritual pens in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , Bd. 2 Province of Rheinhessen . Klingelhöffer, Darmstadt 1878, pp. 30–40 ( Google Books )
  • Paul-Georg Custodis: Pfaffen-Schwabenheim. (= Rheinische Kunststätten 501). Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection, Cologne 2008. ISBN 978-3-86526-019-2 .
  • Handbook of German Art Monuments , Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1982, pp. 816–818
  • Clemens Jöckle : Pfaffen-Schwabenheim. (= Small Art Guide No. 1355). Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich / Zurich 1982

Web links

Commons : St. Mariä Himmelfahrt (Pfaffen-Schwabenheim)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to a message from the 14th century. See source Fabricius, p. 42
  2. ^ Littera fundationis Monasterii Schwabenheim in Palatinu. In: Codex Diplomaticvs: Exhibens Anecdota Ab Anno DCCCLXXXI, Ad MCCC. Mogvntiaca, Ivs Germanicvm, Et SRI Historiam Illvstrantia / Ex Latebris In Lvcem Protraxit Notasqve Addidit Valent. Ferd. De Gvdenvs, Immed. Ord. Eqvestris Imp. Camerae Imperialis Assessor. Goettingae; Francofurti; Lipsiae 1743-1768. Valentin Ferdinand de Gudenus; Friedrich Carl von Buri ; Heinrich Wilhelm Anton Buri, 1743, accessed on September 29, 2016 .
  3. ↑ See Stephan Alexander Würdtwein : Suabenheim. Monasterium ordinis canonicorum regularium S. Augustini . In: Monasticon Palatinum Vol. V. Cordon, Mannheim 1796, pp. 303-308; Johann Goswin Widder: Attempt of a complete geographic-historical description of the Kurfürstl. Pfalz am Rheine , Vol. IV. Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig, 1788, pp. 59–61 ( Google Books ); Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : The devastation in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , Bd. III Province of Rheinhessen . Jonghaus, Danrmstadt 1865, pp. 32, 36, 173–176 and 179f ( Google Books ); u. a .; Times z. Partly specified based on documentary evidence.
  4. ^ Document dated March 1, 1296; Adam Goerz (arrangement): Mittelrheinische Regesten , Vol. IV. Groos, Koblenz 1886, No. 2488, p. 556.
  5. ↑ Inserted document dated 21 July 1452; Mainz City Archives (U 1528 July 13).
  6. ↑ See Gelders Archief Arnhem (3067 family Batenburg / Van Basten Batenburg, document 1).
  7. ^ Document dated February 25, 1547; Worms City Archives (Section 1 A II II - 0118).
  8. ↑ Cf. Deuastationis monasterij Schwabenheym narratio , 1566 on the Monday before Purificationis Marie [28. January 1566]. In: Franz Falk : How Elector Friedrich III. wanted to introduce Calvinism in the front county of Sponheim . In: Historisches Jahrbuch 12 (1891), esp.p. 502.

Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 59.5 "  N , 7 ° 57 ′ 12.3"  E