Australian-Portuguese relations

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Australian-Portuguese relations
Location of Australia and Portugal
AustraliaAustralia PortugalPortugal
Australia Portugal

The Australian-Portuguese relations describe the intergovernmental relationship between Australia and Portugal . The countries have had direct diplomatic relations since 1960. Relations between the two countries are considered good and largely problem-free.

The most important point of reference in today's relations is East Timor , whose main donor countries are Australia and Portugal. The bilateral relationship is also shaped by the Portuguese immigrants in Australia and bilateral trade. The historical points of contact are the - not yet clearly documented - visits by Portuguese seafarers as the first Europeans to Australia and the overlapping interests in the Timor Sea . The Portuguese colonial empire and the British Dominion Australia were neighbors here for a long time.

Australia and Portugal have signed a large number of bilateral agreements, including the 2001 social security agreement and simplified entry and visa requirements . Also worth mentioning is the bilateral Work and Holiday exchange program , which helps young people in the other country to find vacation jobs and thus contributes to cultural exchange and the rapprochement between the two countries.

The two states are partners in a number of international organizations, including the various UN bodies , the International Criminal Court , the World Trade Organization and through cooperation and consultation between Australia and NATO .

State visits at various levels take place regularly. In 2012, Portugal's President Cavaco Silva visited Australia, in 2013 Australian Senate President John Hogg visited Portugal, and in 2010 Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard and Defense Minister Stephen Smith came to Lisbon for the NATO Summit.

An estimated 70,000 people of Portuguese descent live in Australia, while 280 Australians are resident in Portugal (as of 2015).

history

To 1900

Erédias map from 1602 with Luca Antara , one of the first concrete maps of Australia

The Portuguese cartographer and navigator Manuel Godinho de Erédia (1563–1623), who was born in Malacca , studied the region intensively. His maps, which showed an unknown gold island ( Ilha do Ouro ) or Luca Antara , suggest that there was a more concrete Portuguese knowledge of Australia before the arrival of the Dutchman Willem Jansz in 1606. Documented is a note from Erédias from 1601 on the specific existence and location of the Terra Australis .

The Portuguese Pedro Fernandes de Queirós (1565–1614), who traveled in Spanish service, traveled the region and is now often cited in Australia as the defining originator of the country's name.

In the Bittangabee Bay in the Kanangra Boyd National Park , the remains of a small, 33 meter wide Portuguese fortification have been preserved. The third digit of the engraved four-digit date can no longer be deciphered. According to Mario Ramerini , it could be a 2, so that the year would be 1524 and would coincide with the loss of ships of the Cristóvão de Mendonça (1475-1630), which he suffered in the region through storms.

Since the 16th century, the Portuguese maintained a base on the island of Melville Island off the north coast of Australia , where they operated the slave trade until the 19th century . Three bronze cannons have been preserved there.

Since 1900

Australian soldiers burn the Timorese village of Mindelo down to prevent it from being used as a Japanese base. (Nov./Dec. 1942)
After 1991, there were increasing protests against the Indonesian annexation of East Timor, especially in Australia and Portugal

During the Second World War (1939–1945), Portugal remained neutral under the dictator Salazar , a. in Timor nevertheless between the fronts. At the end of 1941, Allied troops , especially Australian units, invaded the colony to build a defense base against the Japanese . In 1942 the Battle of Timor began and the Japanese occupied it. Above all, the Australian units then waged a guerrilla war on the island against the Japanese, supported by parts of the local Timorese and Portuguese population, despite Portugal's official neutrality. Such was Manuel Jesus Pires , a Portuguese officer who fought on the side of the Australian. The Japanese protested several times to the Portuguese government, also because of the poorly cooperative Portuguese governor Manuel de Abreu Ferreira de Carvalho . On September 26, 1945 the official surrender ceremony of the Japanese took place in Dili and the return of rule to the Portuguese took place. Australia and the Netherlands had previously unsuccessfully opposed the return of East Timor to Portugal.

From the 1950s, Portuguese immigration to Australia increased.

After the former Dominion Australia gained full independence in 1947, both countries entered into diplomatic relations in 1960. On December 12, 1960 founded Manuel Rodrigues de Almeida Coutinho first Portuguese Ambassador to Australia's capital Canberra on his work, on 9 December 1969 accredited to Carlos Alberto Empis Wemans be the first Australian Ambassador to Lisbon.

In 1963, the Australian Woodside Petroleum received permission from the Australian government to search for oil in the Timor Sea . With Portugal, there were then differences over the demarcation of the border, which continued until 2018 as border disputes between Australia and East Timor .

After the Carnation Revolution and the end of the Portuguese Estado Novo dictatorship in 1974, Indonesia annexed the former Portuguese colony of East Timor. Large numbers of Timorese fled to Australia and Portugal. Especially after the Santa Cruz massacre in 1991, there were large protests and expressions of solidarity in Australia and Portugal.

In 2002, East Timor finally achieved full independence. Since then, Australia and Portugal have been the young republic's most important partner countries in building its social, economic, administrative and legal structures, its defense, infrastructure, cultural work and internal security.

Portuguese immigration to Australia

Historical development

Nando’s branch in Brisbane , a fast-service restaurant chain founded by Portuguese immigrants in South Africa , which has over 270 branches in Australia alone

Since the end of the 19th century, the Portuguese emigrated to Australia. In 1901, poorly populated Australia had 311 Portuguese residents.

The number initially fell again, down to 68 in 1933. In the 1950s, more immigration from Portugal began again. In Fremantle, for example, a community of immigrants from the Portuguese island of Madeira developed who found work in fishing here.

In 1961 Australia had 950 inhabitants born in Portugal. In the following years this immigration increased significantly. By 1996, the number of Australian-born residents in Portugal had reached 17,119, including 9,139 Australian-born residents of Portuguese descent.

In 2011, the total number of all of Australia's Portuguese-born residents was around 62,000, compared to 70,000 today. The Portuguese community is not one of Australia's major immigrant nations, but is still a noteworthy group with a total population of 24 million.

numbers

In 2015 there were 60,860 Portuguese registered in the Portuguese consulates in Australia.

19,400 Australian residents were born in Portugal, plus between 9,000 and 10,000 people of direct Portuguese descent (1996: 9,139) and between 30,000 and 40,000 people of further Portuguese origin.

In 2016, remittances from Australia to Portugal amounted to EUR 3.51 million (2015: 3.42 million; 2012: 4.17 million; 2005: 5.31 million; 2000: 11.27 million), while in the opposite direction 0.82 million euros flowed (2015: 0.88 million; 2012: 1.14 million; 2005: 0.78 million; 2000: 0.75 million).

The Australian embassy on Avenida da Liberdade : the Edifício Victória office building houses several other embassies in addition to the Australian one.

diplomacy

Portugal's embassy resides in Stephen House (32 Thesiger Ct) in Deakin , ACT , not far from the Australian capital Canberra .

There is also a Portuguese consulate general in Sydney and honorary consulates in Adelaide , Brisbane , Darwin , Melbourne and Perth .

The Australian Embassy in Lisbon is located in Edifício Victoria ( Avenida da Liberdade 200).

In Portugal there are no Australian consulates beyond the embassy .

Town twinning

The first Australian-Portuguese town twinning was established in 1994, and two more have been added so far (as of 2011).

economy

Portugal supplies cork for the Australian wine bottles

The Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP has a branch in Sydney . The Luso-Australian Chamber of Commerce Câmara de Comércio Portugal-Australia (Portrade) has also existed in Sydney since 2013 .

In 2016, Portugal exported goods and services worth 308.9 million euros to Australia (2015: 601.8 million; 2014: 311.2 million; 2013: 181.1 million; 2012: 153.7 million .). Of these, 14.9% were ores and minerals, 14.1% cork and wood, 12.7% shoes, 12.5% ​​machines and devices, and 9.7% textiles.

In the same period, Australia delivered goods and services worth EUR 25.0 million to Portugal (2015: 49.6 million; 2014: 24.2 million; 2013: 25.3 million; 2012: 28.7 million .). The goods included 42.2% machines and devices, 17.1% hides and leather, 13.0% cellulose and paper, 8.4% optical and precision instruments and 7.2% agricultural products.

This put Portugal 101st place among buyers and 58th place among suppliers in Australian foreign trade in goods, while Australia was 41st place as buyer and 88th place as supplier for Portuguese foreign trade.

tourism

In 2016, Australian tourists were responsible for EUR 49.8 million in revenues for the Portuguese hotel industry (2015: 45.1 million; 2014: 44.5 million; 2013: 32.0 million; 2012: 25.4 million). ). They accounted for 0.39% of Portuguese tourism.

In 2014, Australia had 5,500 visitors from Portugal, which was visited by 9,600 people from Australia over the same period.

Culture

The Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões is represented in Australia with, among other things, cooperations for Portuguese teaching and a language center in Sydney .

Sports

In Australia's national sport, rugby union , the Australian national rugby union team and the Portuguese rugby selection have not yet met.

Even in the Portuguese national sport of football , the Portuguese national football team and the selection from Australia have not yet played against each other.

The Portuguese and Australian women's national football teams have met once so far (as of January 2017): At the Algarve Cup in 1999 , they separated 0-0.

Web links

Commons : Australian-Portuguese Relations  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Overview of diplomatic relations with Australia at the Diplomatic Institute in the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs , accessed on May 4, 2019
  2. ↑ a b c d Overview of Australian-Portuguese Relations , Australian Department of Commerce and Foreign Affairs website, accessed April 1, 2017
  3. ↑ a b Information in the greeting from the Portuguese Ambassador , website of the Portuguese Embassy in Australia, accessed on April 1, 2017
  4. ↑ Totals of the number of Australians in the official alien statistics by district , Portuguese Immigration and Border Agency SEF, accessed on April 1, 2017
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Fernando Cristóvão (Ed.): Dicionário Temático da Lusofonia. Texto Editores, Lisbon / Luanda / Praia / Maputo 2006 ( ISBN 972-47-2935-4 ), p. 842
  6. ↑ Relatório da Emigração 2015 , Report on Portuguese Emigration, Portuguese Foreign Ministry, p. 86 (PDF download, port.), Accessed on April 1, 2017
  7. ↑ Website on Australian-Portuguese migration (Table A.3) at the Portuguese Scientific Observatório da Emigração , accessed on March 25, 2017
  8. ↑ Website on Australian-Portuguese migration (Table A.1) at the Portuguese scientific Observatório da Emigração , accessed on March 25, 2017
  9. ↑ Website on Australian-Portuguese migration (Table A.6) at the Portuguese Scientific Observatório da Emigração , accessed on March 25, 2017
  10. ↑ Own presentation and information from the Portuguese Embassy in Australia , Embassy website (English and Portuguese ), accessed on April 1, 2017
  11. ↑ List of Portuguese diplomatic missions abroad , Portuguese Foreign Ministry, accessed on April 1, 2017
  12. ↑ Overview of AICEP Australia Office , AICEP website, accessed April 1, 2017
  13. ↑ a b c d Bilateral economic relations between Portugal and Australia , Excel file retrieval from the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP, accessed on April 1, 2017
  14. ↑ Overview of activities in Australia , Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões , accessed on April 1, 2017
  15. ↑ see Australian national rugby union team # international matches
  16. ↑ see list of international matches of the Portuguese national soccer team # international match balance sheets
  17. ↑ see list of the internationals of the Portuguese national soccer team # international match balance sheets