Railway power plant
A railway power plant is a power plant that generates electrical energy for rail operations . In Germany , Austria , Sweden , Norway and Switzerland , the single-phase alternating voltage with a frequency of 16 2 ⁄ 3 or 16.7 Hz. While the Austrian Federal Railways almost only operate pure rail power plants, such are rather rare in other countries, such as Germany. Far more common are power plants in which both industrial power generators and traction power generators are located. In addition, there are railway-owned power plants that are not traction power plants, as they cannot generate traction current, but only electricity for the public network, i.e. 50 Hz three-phase current in DA-CH . Railway power plants are designed as hydropower plants , conventional thermal power plants and nuclear power plants . Even wind and solar farms for the sole production of traction power have already been realized.
The traction current generators for alternating current with reduced frequency, the standard u. a. of the DACH countries are considerably larger than those for the public power grid, the associated turbines are custom-made.
Germany
Power plants in Germany that are wholly or partially used to generate traction power:
Wind farms
These generate three-phase alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, which the railways pick up. They are therefore not rail power stations in the strict sense of the word.
- Märkisch-Linden with 68 MW
- Hoher Fläming with 15 MW
- Elsdorf II with 6 MW
Hydropower plants
- Langenprozelten pumped storage plant
- Bertoldsheim power station
- Bittenbrunn power plant
- Bergheim power plant
- Ingolstadt power plant
- Vohburg power plant
- Bad Abbach traction power plant
- Aufkirchen power plant
- Eitting power plant
- Pfrombach power plant
- Saalach power plant Bad Reichenhall
- Walchensee power station , construction started in 1918, completed in 1924 for the electrically operated railway lines in Upper Bavaria
Nuclear power plants
- (Joint) nuclear power plant Neckarwestheim Block 2 (GKN-2) with extraction of 140 MW via static frequency converters ( frequency converters )
Thermal power plants
In contrast to the current advertising strategy of DB AG, this part of the traction power supply is not “green traction power” in the sense of the general understanding of the term. See also: traction current -> energy consumption and origin
- Datteln coal-fired power plant, block 4, with a total of 1100 MW, of which 413 MW with 16.7 Hz. Blocks 1 to 3 were built in 1964, 1965 and 1969 and decommissioned in 2014.
- Large coal power plant Mannheim with 310 MW 16.7 Hz
- Schkopau lignite power plant with 110 MW 16.7 Hz
- Kirchmöser natural gas power plant 160 MW, 16.7 Hz only
There are also connections to the traction current networks of the Austrian and Swiss Federal Railways , via which electrical energy can be exchanged with the German traction current network.
Former plants
- Lünen hard coal power plant with 157 MW at 16.7 Hz was shut down in 2018
- Power plant of the Frankfurt-Offenbacher Trambahn-Gesellschaft , built in 1884 for the operation of the first commercially operated electric tram line from Offenbach am Main to Frankfurt am Main of the Frankfurt-Offenbacher Trambahn-Gesellschaft , abandoned, building demolished after the Second World War . Almost every early electric tram company built its own power station around 1900.
- Power station of the Hamburg-Altonaer Vorortbahn , built in 1906 as the first rail power station in Germany, now closed
- Chemnitz-Hilbersdorf railway power station, built around 1900 (closed after 1990)
- Muldenstein railway power plant , built in 1912 as the second railway power plant in Germany for the railway line from Magdeburg via Dessau and Bitterfeld to Halle, has since been closed
- Mittelsteine railway power plant , built in 1913 as the third railway power plant in Germany to supply the Silesian network , dismantled in 1945 as a reparation payment
- Stuttgart-Münster power plant , in 1933 a traction current machine to feed the newly constructed traction current line from Munich to Stuttgart and for Stuttgart suburban traffic was put into operation (year of shutdown unknown)
- Penzberg railway power station , 1951–1971, coal-fired steam power station
- Düsseldorf-Lausward power plant
- (Joint) nuclear power plant Neckarwestheim Block 1 (GKN-1) with additional traction current turbine, commissioning 1976, switched off on March 16, 2011. The generator connected to the traction current turbine was one of the world's largest 16.7- Hz generators.
- Blocks 1–3 in the Mittelbüren power plant ; Blast furnace gas power plant with traction machines. Block 1 was shut down in 2002, Block 2 in 2004, and Block 3 at Easter 2013
- Kammerl hydropower plant , built from 1897 to 1899, went into operation after replacing the generators in 1905 with single-phase alternating voltage 5500 V at 16 Hz, was rebuilt between 2013 and 2015 and has only generated three-phase alternating current for the public grid since then
- Gartenau hydropower plant , built from 1907 to 1908, generated 1000 volts DC for the Berchtesgaden – Hangender Stein railway line and the Königsseebahn until 1942 , was then converted and since then has only generated three-phase alternating current for the public grid
Austria
The Austrian Federal Railways produce most of their traction current themselves. 93 percent of the energy is currently obtained from renewable energy sources (mostly hydropower plants). Six percent of the energy is purchased from wind energy and biomass. In addition, negotiations were held on possible investments in wind power plants. In 2010, wind turbine manufacturer Leitner confirmed discussions and listed Burgenland as a possible location. In Burgenland, ÖBB does not currently have any power generation facilities.
Railway power plants
All of the railway's own power plants are operated unmanned and controlled and monitored by the central control center in Innsbruck.
- Spullersee
- This storage power plant was built between 1919 and 1925 as the second power plant of the Austrian State Railways to supply the Arlbergbahn . The construction of such a large power plant was a technical pioneering achievement at the time and was admired all over Europe.
- Braz
- This run-of- river power plant is located 10 km west of the Spullersee power plant. It was built between 1947 and 1954 to meet the increased energy requirements of the Austrian State Railways. The Braz power plant is the lower stage of the Spullersee power plant. The Braz power plant is served by the Alfenz or with water processed by the Spullersee power plant.
- Fulpmes
- This run-of-river power plant was built between 1977 and 1983 about 20 km south of Innsbruck in the municipality of Fulpmes in the Stubai Valley . The peculiarity of this is that in the Swedish construction, i.e. H. was built as a shaft power plant. The headwater is collected below Fulpmes in the Stubai Valley. The installed capacity is 15 MW, with two Francis turbines working on a gradient of 182 m. Before the completion of the Fulpmes power plant, the ÖBB operated the " Ruetzkraftwerk " in Schönberg , which was originally built to supply electricity to the Mittenwaldbahn .
- Stubachtal power plant group
- Group of four high-alpine storage power plants in the Hohe Tauern ; Expansion to pump storage, ÖBB's largest power plant.
- Obervellach
- This run-of-river power plant was put into operation together with the power plant-Enzigerboden storage plant in 1929 for the 16.7 Hz traction power supply of the Gisela-Bahn . Since the electrification of the Tauern Railway in 1935, the two steep ramps have also been supplied with 700 meters of altitude each.
- Obervellach II
- Only when planned, will Obervellach II from 2024 deliver 30 percent more electricity than the old systems at Obervellach and Mallnitz do today. The power plant is currently (as of 05/2018) in the tendering phase.
- Lassach
- This run-of-river power plant was built in 1905 as part of the construction site for the railway Tauern tunnel . It lies between Obervellach and Mallnitz am Mallnitzbach . It does not supply traction current, but three-phase current that is fed into the network of " KELAG " (Kärntner Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft).
- Rosenbach
- This was built in 1902 in the course of setting up the construction site for the railway Karawanken tunnel . It does not provide traction current, but three-phase current .
Non-rail power plants
- Wienerbruck
- This storage power plant is operated by " EVN AG " (Energieversorgung Niederösterreich AG), which is responsible for the overhead line of the Mariazellerbahn. The storage power plant is located in Annaberg in southern Lower Austria and is fed by the water of the Lassing and Erlauf with a total output of 6.6 MW. 4.5 MW of this is provided as single-phase alternating current with a frequency of 25 Hz for the Mariazell Railway.
- Weyer
- This run-of-river power plant on the Upper Austrian Enns River near the Styrian border is operated by Ennskraftwerke AG in surge operation. The total output of the two machine sets is 36.8 MW. The output of the machine set for single-phase alternating current is 18 MW.
- St. Pantaleon
- This diversion power plant at the confluence of the Enns into the Danube is operated by Ennskraftwerke AG in surge mode. The total output of the two machine sets is 51.9 MW. The output of the machine set for single-phase alternating current is 25 MW.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, traction current is partly obtained from SBB power plants and from third-party power plants.
SBB power plants
Power plants with SBB participation
Foreign power plants
literature
Hartmut Biesenack: Energy supply for electric railways. Vieweg + Teubner-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-519-06249-6
Norms
- EN 50163: Railway applications - supply voltages of railway networks (Germany: DIN EN 50163; VDE 0115-102: 2005-07 and DIN EN 50163 / A1 VDE 0115-102 / A1: 2008-02; Austria: ÖVE / ÖNORM EN 50163 edition: 1 April 2008)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ ZB: KW Rosenbach and KW Lassach - ÖBB Infrastructure AG: Central Plant Group. In: oebb.at. Retrieved September 25, 2016 .
- ↑ DB Energie connects third wind farm to the grid ( memento from September 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). Press release from Deutsche Bahn. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
- ↑ The world's first solar railway power plant in operation. In: iwr.de. Retrieved September 25, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c Dirk Boeljes: Deutsche Bahn: In future more electricity from wind energy. In: Stromtipp.de. February 28, 2013, accessed February 4, 2020 .
- ↑ Regenerative traction power final report (PDF; 3.7 MB)
- ↑ DB: Green PR instead of green electricity ( Memento from October 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ ÖBB Infrastructure: data on energy supply ( memento from January 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ ÖBB Infrastructure: 93 percent renewable energy
- ↑ Leitner wind farms with ÖBB ?: Negotiations with ÖBB are ongoing
- ↑ Railway power infrastructure of the SBB, page 24 (PDF; 3.37 MB) ( Memento from July 3, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Power supply for electric railways